nestdi 0.2.0

Default template for PDM package

NestDI

NestDI is a lightweight and powerful Dependency Injection (DI) container for Python, heavily inspired by the architecture of NestJS. It allows you to organize your code into modules, making your applications easier to maintain, test, and scale.

🚀 Features

• Decorator-based: Use @Module(), @Injectable(), and @Controller() to define your structure.
• Scope Management: Support for SINGLETON, TRANSIENT, and REQUEST scopes.
• Automatic Injection: Automatic dependency resolution through type hints in constructors.
• Module System: Encapsulation and reuse of logic through imports and exports.
• Flexible Providers: Support for classes, constant values, and factories.
• Circular Dependency Detection: Throws clear exceptions when cycles are detected.
• Strongly Typed: Full support for MyPy and Pyright with .typed.

📦 Installation

Since this project uses PDM, you can install it via:

pdm add nestdi

Or via pip (if published):

pip install nestdi

🛠️ Usage Guide

1. Defining Providers

Mark your classes with @Injectable() so NestDI can instantiate and inject them.

from nestdi import Injectable

@Injectable()
class LoggingService:
    def log(self, message: str):
        print(f"[LOG]: {message}")

@Injectable()
class UserService:
    def __init__(self, logger: LoggingService):
        self.logger = logger

    def get_user(self):
        self.logger.log("Fetching user...")
        return {"id": 1, "name": "John Doe"}

2. Creating Modules

Modules organize related components.

from nestdi import Module

@Module(
    providers=[LoggingService, UserService],
    exports=[UserService] # Export so other modules can use it
)
class UserModule:
    pass

3. Controllers and Root Container

Controllers are entry points for your logic.

from nestdi import Controller, Module

@Controller()
class UserController:
    def __init__(self, user_service: UserService):
        self.user_service = user_service

    def detail(self):
        return self.user_service.get_user()

@Module(
    imports=[UserModule],
    controllers=[UserController]
)
class AppModule:
    pass

4. Initialization and Usage

from nestdi import ModuleClass

# The @Module decorator returns a ModuleClass instance
app: ModuleClass = AppModule

# Getting the resolved controller
user_controller = app.get(UserController)
print(user_controller.detail())

🌍 Global Modules

If you want a module's providers to be available throughout the application without needing to import it in every module, use the @Global() decorator.

from nestdi import Module, Global, Injectable

@Injectable()
class GlobalService:
    pass

@Global()
@Module(
    providers=[GlobalService],
    exports=[GlobalService]
)
class CommonModule:
    pass

📐 Provider Scopes

You can define how instances are created:

• ProviderScope.SINGLETON (Default): A single instance is created and shared across the entire application.
• ProviderScope.TRANSIENT: A new instance is created every time the provider is requested.
• ProviderScope.REQUEST: A new instance is created for each "request" (useful in web contexts).

from nestdi import Injectable, ProviderScope

@Injectable(scope=ProviderScope.TRANSIENT)
class GeneratorService:
    pass

🏭 Factory Providers

from nestdi import Provider, Module

def connection_factory(config_service: ConfigService):
    return DatabaseConnection(config_service.db_url)

@Module(
    providers=[
        Provider(
            provide="DATABASE_CONNECTION",
            use_factory=connection_factory,
            inject=[ConfigService]
        )
    ]
)
class DatabaseModule:
    pass

📝 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.