neuralnetworknumpy 0.2.0

A neural network framework built completely from scratch using NumPy

neuralnetworknumpy

A deep learning framework built from scratch using NumPy. Implements forward propagation, backpropagation, convolutional layers, residual connections, and common optimizers — no PyTorch or TensorFlow required.

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Installation

pip install neuralnetworknumpy

Or from source:

git clone https://github.com/Sendy45/NeuralNetworkFromScratch.git
cd neuralnetworknumpy
pip install .

Dependencies: numpy, tqdm
Optional (for examples): keras (datasets only)

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Quick Start

Dense network (MNIST)

import numpy as np
from keras.datasets import mnist
from neuralnetworknumpy import NeuralNetwork, Dense, ReLu, BatchNorm, Dropout, Softmax

(X_train, y_train), (X_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
X_train = X_train.reshape(-1, 784).astype(np.float32) / 255.0
X_test  = X_test.reshape(-1, 784).astype(np.float32)  / 255.0

model = NeuralNetwork([
    Dense(256), ReLu(), BatchNorm(), Dropout(0.2),
    Dense(128), ReLu(), BatchNorm(),
    Dense(10),  Softmax()
])

model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss_type="cross_entropy", lr=0.001)
history = model.fit(X_train, y_train, X_val=X_test, y_val=y_test, epochs=10, batch_size=64)
print(f"Val accuracy: {model.evaluate(X_test, y_test):.4f}")

Convolutional network with residual blocks (Fashion-MNIST)

import numpy as np
from keras.datasets import fashion_mnist
from neuralnetworknumpy import (
    NeuralNetwork, Conv2D, DepthwiseSeparableConv2D,
    MaxPooling2D, AveragePooling2D, Flatten, Dense,
    ReLu, Softmax, BatchNorm2D, ResidualBlock
)

(train_X, train_y), (test_X, test_y) = fashion_mnist.load_data()
train_X = train_X.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
test_X  = test_X.astype(np.float32)  / 255.0
train_X = train_X[..., np.newaxis]   # (N, 28, 28, 1)
test_X  = test_X[..., np.newaxis]

def res_block(in_ch, out_ch, stride=(1, 1)):
    projection = None
    if in_ch != out_ch or stride != (1, 1):
        projection = Conv2D(out_ch, 1, strides=stride, padding="same")
    return ResidualBlock([
        Conv2D(out_ch, (3, 3), strides=stride, padding="same"),
        BatchNorm2D(), ReLu(),
        DepthwiseSeparableConv2D(out_ch, (3, 3), padding="same"),
        BatchNorm2D(), ReLu(),
    ], projection=projection)

model = NeuralNetwork([
    Conv2D(16, (3, 3), padding="same"), BatchNorm2D(), ReLu(),
    MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),               # → 14×14×16
    res_block(16, 32),
    MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),               # → 7×7×32
    res_block(32, 64),
    AveragePooling2D((7, 7)),           # global avg pool → 1×1×64
    Flatten(),
    Dense(128), ReLu(),
    Dense(10),  Softmax()
])

model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss_type="cross_entropy", lr=0.001, lambda_=0.0001)
history = model.fit(train_X, train_y, X_val=test_X, y_val=test_y, epochs=20, batch_size=64)

model.save("fashion_model")

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API Reference

NeuralNetwork

model = NeuralNetwork(layers)

Method	Description
compile(loss_type, optimizer, lr, lambda_, beta1, beta2)	Set training hyperparameters
fit(X, y, X_val, y_val, epochs, batch_size)	Train the model, returns History
predict(X)	Returns class label predictions
predict_proba(X)	Returns raw output activations
evaluate(X, y)	Returns accuracy
save(path)	Serialise weights to .npz
NeuralNetwork.load(path)	Load a saved model
summary()	Print layer shapes and parameter counts

Optimizers: "adam", "adamW", "momentum", "rmsprop", "sgd"
Loss functions: "cross_entropy", "mse"

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Layers

Dense layers

Layer	Constructor	Notes
Dense	Dense(units)	Fully connected
BatchNorm	BatchNorm(momentum=0.9)	For 1D feature vectors
Dropout	Dropout(rate)	Dropped during training only

Activations

ReLu() · Sigmoid() · Softmax() · Tanh() · Linear()

2D convolutional layers

All conv layers expect input shape (batch, H, W, channels).

Layer	Constructor	Notes
Conv2D	Conv2D(filters, kernel_size, strides, padding)	Standard 2D convolution
GroupConv2D	GroupConv2D(filters, kernel_size, groups, strides, padding)	Grouped convolution; groups=1 → Conv2D, groups=C_in → depthwise
DepthwiseConv2D	DepthwiseConv2D(kernel_size, strides, padding)	One filter per input channel
DepthwiseSeparableConv2D	DepthwiseSeparableConv2D(filters, kernel_size, strides, padding)	Depthwise + pointwise
SpatiallySeparableConv2D	SpatiallySeparableConv2D(filters, kernel_size, ...)	Row × column factored convolution
BatchNorm2D	BatchNorm2D(momentum=0.9)	Normalises over spatial+batch dims

Pooling

Layer	Constructor	Default stride
MaxPooling2D	MaxPooling2D(pool_size, strides, padding)	Equal to pool_size
AveragePooling2D	AveragePooling2D(pool_size, strides, padding)	Equal to pool_size
GlobalAveragePooling2D	GlobalAveragePooling2D()	Collapses H×W → 1×1

Structural

Layer	Constructor	Notes
Flatten	Flatten()	(m, H, W, C) → (m, H*W*C)
ResidualBlock	ResidualBlock(layers, projection=None)	Skip connection; pass a Conv2D(1×1) as projection when channels change

ResidualBlock example:

# Channels stay the same — no projection needed
ResidualBlock([Conv2D(32, 3, padding="same"), BatchNorm2D(), ReLu()])

# Channels change — projection required
ResidualBlock(
    [Conv2D(64, 3, strides=(2,2), padding="same"), BatchNorm2D(), ReLu()],
    projection=Conv2D(64, 1, strides=(2,2), padding="same")
)

GroupConv2D example:

# 2-group convolution: splits 32 input channels into 2 independent groups
GroupConv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=3, groups=2, padding="same")

# Equivalent to DepthwiseConv2D when groups == C_in
GroupConv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=3, groups=32, padding="same")

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Utilities

from neuralnetworknumpy import History, Scaler, split_train_test, split_train_validation

Scaler

scaler = Scaler(mode="standard")   # or "minmax"
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test  = scaler.transform(X_test)

split_train_test / split_train_validation

X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test  = split_train_test(X, y, test_ratio=0.2)
X_train, y_train, X_val,  y_val   = split_train_validation(X, y, val_ratio=0.2)

History — returned by model.fit():

history.history["loss"]         # list of per-epoch loss values
history.history["val_accuracy"] # list of per-epoch validation accuracy

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Save and Load

model.save("my_model")           # writes my_model.npz

model2 = NeuralNetwork.load("my_model.npz")
print(model2.evaluate(X_test, y_test))

Saved layers: Dense, Conv2D, GroupConv2D, DepthwiseConv2D, DepthwiseSeparableConv2D, BatchNorm, BatchNorm2D, MaxPooling2D, AveragePooling2D, GlobalAveragePooling2D, ResidualBlock, Dropout, all activations.

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Project Structure

neuralnetworknumpy/
├── __init__.py
├── layers/
│   ├── Layer.py
│   ├── Dense.py
│   ├── Conv2D.py
│   ├── GroupConv2D.py          # GroupConv2D + DepthwiseConv2D
│   ├── DepthwiseSeparableConv2D.py
│   ├── SpatiallySeparableConv2D.py
│   ├── BatchNorm2D.py
│   ├── MaxPooling2D.py
│   ├── AveragePooling2D.py
│   ├── GlobalAveragePooling2D.py
│   ├── ResidualBlock.py
│   ├── Flatten.py
│   └── activations.py
├── model/
│   └── NeuralNetwork.py
└── utils/
    └── utils.py

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License

MIT License — see LICENSE for details.

Author

Created by Itamar Senderovitz.