nornir-salt 0.2.4

Nornir plugins used with SALTSTACK

nornir-salt

Collection of Nornir plugins used with SALTSTACK Nornir modules.

All plugins and functions can be used with Nornir directly.

Installation

pip install nornir_salt

Plugins

Runner plugins

• QueueRunner - simple queue runner
• RetryRunner - runner that implements retry logic for connections and tasks, supports connecting to devices behind jumphost

Inventory plugins

• DictInventory - Inventory plugin that accepts dictionary structure to populate hosts' inventory

Functions

• ResultSerializer - helper function to transform AggregatedResult object in Python dictionary
• FFun - helper filter function, to filter Nornir hosts based on F-object, Glob patterns, groups, IP Prefix, list

Tasks

• tcp_ping - task to TCP ping Nornir hosts, returns dictionary of pinged ports per host

How and What

Additional details about how it works and usage samples

QueueRunner

Architecture

Sample code to use QueueRunner, DictInventory and ResultSerializer

Code

import yaml
import pprint
from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir.core.task import Result, Task
from nornir_netmiko import netmiko_send_command, netmiko_send_config
from nornir_salt.plugins.functions import ResultSerializer

inventory_data = """
hosts:
  R1:
    hostname: 192.168.1.151
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]
  R2:
    hostname: 192.168.1.153
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]
  R3:
    hostname: 192.168.1.154
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]

groups:
  lab:
    username: cisco
    password: cisco
"""

inventory_dict = yaml.safe_load(inventory_data)

NornirObj = InitNornir(
    runner={
        "plugin": "QueueRunner",
        "options": {
            "num_workers": 100
        }
    },
    inventory={
        "plugin": "DictInventory",
        "options": {
            "hosts": inventory_dict["hosts"],
            "groups": inventory_dict["groups"],
            "defaults": inventory_dict.get("defaults", {})
        }
    },
)

def _task_group_netmiko_send_commands(task, commands):
    # run commands
    for command in commands:
        task.run(
            task=netmiko_send_command,
            command_string=command,
            name=command
        )
    return Result(host=task.host)

# run single task
result1 = NornirObj.run(
    task=netmiko_send_command,
    command_string="show clock"
)

# run grouped tasks
result2 = NornirObj.run(
    task=_task_group_netmiko_send_commands,
    commands=["show clock", "show run | inc hostname"]
)

# run another single task
result3 = NornirObj.run(
    task=netmiko_send_command,
    command_string="show run | inc hostname"
)

NornirObj.close_connections()

# Print results
formed_result1 = ResultSerializer(result1, add_details=True)
pprint.pprint(formed_result1, width=100)

formed_result2 = ResultSerializer(result2, add_details=True)
pprint.pprint(formed_result2, width=100)

formed_result3 = ResultSerializer(result3, add_details=True)
pprint.pprint(formed_result3, width=100)

RetryRunner

For grouped tasks need to explicitly provide connection_name attribute such as netmiko, napalm, scrapli. Specifying connection_name attribute for standalone tasks not required. Lack of connection_name attribute will result in skipping connection retry logic and connections to all hosts initiated simultaneously up to the number of num_workers

Architecture

Sample code to use RetryRunner, DictInventory and ResultSerializer

Code

import yaml
import pprint
from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir.core.task import Result, Task
from nornir_netmiko import netmiko_send_command, netmiko_send_config
from nornir_salt.plugins.functions import ResultSerializer

inventory_data = """
hosts:
  R1:
    hostname: 192.168.1.151
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]
  R2:
    hostname: 192.168.1.153
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]
  R3:
    hostname: 192.168.1.154
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]

groups:
  lab:
    username: cisco
    password: cisco
"""

inventory_dict = yaml.safe_load(inventory_data)

NornirObj = InitNornir(
    runner={
        "plugin": "RetryRunner",
        "options": {
            "num_workers": 100,
            "num_connectors": 10,
            "connect_retry": 3,
            "connect_backoff": 1000,
            "connect_splay": 100,
            "task_retry": 3,
            "task_backoff": 1000,
            "task_splay": 100
        }
    },
    inventory={
        "plugin": "DictInventory",
        "options": {
            "hosts": inventory_dict["hosts"],
            "groups": inventory_dict["groups"],
            "defaults": inventory_dict.get("defaults", {})
        }
    },
)

def _task_group_netmiko_send_commands(task, commands):
    # run commands
    for command in commands:
        task.run(
            task=netmiko_send_command,
            command_string=command,
            name=command
        )
    return Result(host=task.host)

# run single task
result1 = NornirObj.run(
    task=netmiko_send_command,
    command_string="show clock"
)

# run grouped tasks
result2 = NornirObj.run(
    task=_task_group_netmiko_send_commands,
    commands=["show clock", "show run | inc hostname"],
    connection_name="netmiko"
)

# run another single task
result3 = NornirObj.run(
    task=netmiko_send_command,
    command_string="show run | inc hostname"
)

NornirObj.close_connections()

# Print results
formed_result1 = ResultSerializer(result1, add_details=True)
pprint.pprint(formed_result1, width=100)

formed_result2 = ResultSerializer(result2, add_details=True)
pprint.pprint(formed_result2, width=100)

formed_result3 = ResultSerializer(result3, add_details=True)
pprint.pprint(formed_result3, width=100)

Connect to hosts behind jumphost

Only Netmiko tasks, connection_name="netmiko", support connecting via Jumphosts.

To connect to devices behind jumphost, need to define jumphost parameters in host's inventory data:

Code

inventory_data = """
hosts:
  R1:
    hostname: 192.168.1.151
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]
    data:
      jumphost:
        hostname: 10.1.1.1
        port: 22
        password: jump_host_password
        username: jump_host_user
"""

FFun usage

Nornir interacts with many devices and has it's own inventory, as a result additional filtering capabilities introduced to narrow down tasks execution to certain hosts/devices.

Filtering order

FO -> FB -> FG -> FP -> FL

If multiple filters provided, returned hosts must comply all checks - AND logic.

Code

import pprint
import yaml
from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir_salt.plugins.functions import FFun

inventory_data = """
hosts:
  R1:
    hostname: 192.168.1.151
    platform: ios
    groups: [lab]
    data:
      role: core
      site: B1
  SW1:
    hostname: 192.168.2.144
    platform: nxos_ssh
    groups: [lab, pod1]
    data:
      role: access
      site: B3

groups:
  lab:
    username: cisco
    password: cisco
  pod1:
    username: cisco@
    password: cisco
"""

inventory_dict = yaml.safe_load(inventory_data)

NornirObj = InitNornir(
    inventory={
        "plugin": "DictInventory",
        "options": {
            "hosts": inventory_dict["hosts"],
            "groups": inventory_dict["groups"],
            "defaults": inventory_dict.get("defaults", {})
        }
    },
)

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FB="R*", FG="lab", FP="192.168.1.0/24", FO={"role": "core"})

pprint.pprint(filtered_hosts.dict().get("inventory", {}).get("hosts"))

# should print:
# {'R1': {'connection_options': {},
#         'data': {'role': 'core', 'site': 'B1'},
#         'groups': ['lab'],
#         'hostname': '192.168.1.151',
#         'name': 'R1',
#         'password': 'cisco',
#         'platform': 'ios',
#         'port': None,
#         'username': 'cisco'}}

FO - Filter Object

Filter using Nornir Filter Object

Platform ios and hostname 192.168.217.7:

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FO={"platform": "ios", "hostname": "192.168.217.7"})

Host with name R1 or R2:_

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FO={"name__any": ["R1", "R2"])

Location B1 or location B2:

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FO=[{"location": "B1"}, {"location": "B2"}])

Location B1 and platform ios or any host at location B2:

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FO=[{"location": "B1", "platform": "ios"}, {"location": "B2"}])

FB - Filter gloB

Filter hosts by name using Glob Patterns - fnmatchcase method:

Match R1, R2, R# hostnames but not R11 or R4:

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FB="R[123]")

FG - Filter Group

Filter hosts by group returning all hosts that belongs to given group:

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FG="lab")

FP - Filter Prefix

Filter hosts by checking if hosts hostname is part of at least one of given IP Prefixes::

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FP="192.168.217.0/29, 192.168.2.0/24")

If host's inventory hostname is IP, will use it as is, if it is FQDN, will attempt to resolve it to obtain IP address, if DNS resolution fails, host fails the check.

FL - Filter List

Match only hosts with names in provided list::

filtered_hosts = FFun(NornirObj, FL="R1, R2")