numba-celltree 0.1.6

Cell Tree Spatial Index

Finding your way around in an unstructured meshes is difficult. Numba Celltree provides methods for searching for points, lines, boxes, and cells (convex polygons) in a two dimensional unstructured mesh.

import numpy as np
from numba_celltree import CellTree2d


vertices, faces = demo.generate_disk(5, 5)
vertices += 1.0
vertices *= 5.0
tree = CellTree2d(vertices, faces, -1)

# Intersection with two triangles
triangle_vertices = np.array(
    [
        [5.0, 3.0],
        [7.0, 3.0],
        [7.0, 5.0],
        [0.0, 6.0],
        [4.0, 4.0],
        [6.0, 10.0],
    ]
)
triangles = np.array([[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]])
tri_i, cell_i, area = tree.intersect_faces(triangle_vertices, triangles, -1)

# Intersection with two lines
edge_coords = np.array(
    [
        [[0.0, 0.0], [10.0, 10.0]],
        [[0.0, 10.0], [10.0, 0.0]],
    ]
)
edge_i, cell_i, intersections = tree.intersect_edges(edge_coords)

Installation

pip install numba_celltree

Documentation

Background

This package provides the cell tree data structure described in:

Garth, C., & Joy, K. I. (2010). Fast, memory-efficient cell location in unstructured grids for visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 16(6), 1541-1550.

This paper can be read here.

The tree building code is a direction translation of the (public domain) C++ code by Jay Hennen, which is available in the cell_tree2d python package. This implementation is currently specialized for two spatial dimensions, but extension to three dimensions is relatively straightforward. Another (BSD licensed) implementation which supports three dimensions can be found in VTK’s CellTreeLocator.

The cell tree of the cell_tree2d currently only locates points. I’ve added additional methods for locating and clipping lines and convex polygons.

Just-In-Time Compilation: Numba

This package relies on Numba to just-in-time compile Python code into fast machine code. This has the benefit of keeping this package a “pure” Python package, albeit with a dependency on Numba.

With regards to performance:

• Building the tree is marginally faster compared to the C++ implementation (~15%).

• Serial point queries are somewhat slower (~50%), but Numba’s automatic parallellization speeds things up significantly (down to 20% runtime on my 4 core laptop). (Of course the C++ code can be parallellized in the same manner with pragma omp parallel for.)

• The other queries have not been compared, as the C++ code lacks the functionality.

• In traversing the tree, recursion in Numba appears to be less performant than maintaining a stack of nodes to traverse. The VTK implementation also uses a stack rather than recursion.

• Numba (like its LLVM JIT sister Julia) does not allocate small arrays on the stack automatically, like C++ and Fortran compilers do. However, it can be done manually. This cuts down runtimes by at least a factor 2, more so in parallel. However, these stack allocated arrays work only in the context of Numba. They must be disabled when running in uncompiled Python – there is some code in numba_celltree.utils which takes care of this.

• All methods have been carefully written to keep heap allocations to a minimum. This also helps in parallellization, as at the time of writing Numba’s lists are not thread safe. Unfortunately, this means we have to query twice when the number of answers is unknown: once to count, after which we can allocate, then another time to store the answers. Since parallelization results in speedups over a factor 2, this still results in a net gain.

To debug, set the environmental variable NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT=1. Re-enable by setting NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT=0.

export NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT=1

In Windows Command Prompt:

set NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT=1

In Windows Powershell:

$env:NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT=1

In Python itself:

import os

os.environ["NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT"] = "1"

This must be done before importing the package to have effect.