oopsh

oopsh corrects errors in previous console commands: type oops after a failed command and it suggests (and runs) the fixed one.

oopsh is a maintained fork of thefuck by Vladimir Iakovlev, which is no longer maintained and doesn't run on Python 3.12+. It is not an official thefuck release. All of thefuck's rules work in oopsh, and the project keeps thefuck's full history and MIT license. See the roadmap for what's planned.

Switching from thefuck? Install oopsh and change one line in your shell config: your settings, custom rules and THEFUCK_* variables keep working. More details.

Is oopsh too slow? Try the experimental instant mode!

Examples:

➜ apt-get install vim
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

➜ oops
sudo apt-get install vim [enter/↑/↓/ctrl+c]
[sudo] password for nvbn:
Reading package lists... Done
...

➜ git push
fatal: The current branch master has no upstream branch.
To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use

    git push --set-upstream origin master


➜ oops
git push --set-upstream origin master [enter/↑/↓/ctrl+c]
Counting objects: 9, done.
...

➜ puthon
No command 'puthon' found, did you mean:
 Command 'python' from package 'python-minimal' (main)
 Command 'python' from package 'python3' (main)
zsh: command not found: puthon

➜ oops
python [enter/↑/↓/ctrl+c]
Python 3.4.2 (default, Oct  8 2014, 13:08:17)
...

➜ git brnch
git: 'brnch' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.

Did you mean this?
    branch

➜ oops
git branch [enter/↑/↓/ctrl+c]
* master

➜ lein rpl
'rpl' is not a task. See 'lein help'.

Did you mean this?
         repl

➜ oops
lein repl [enter/↑/↓/ctrl+c]
nREPL server started on port 54848 on host 127.0.0.1 - nrepl://127.0.0.1:54848
REPL-y 0.3.1
...

If you're not afraid of blindly running corrected commands, the require_confirmation settings option can be disabled:

➜ apt-get install vim
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

➜ oops
sudo apt-get install vim
[sudo] password for nvbn:
Reading package lists... Done
...

Contents

1. Requirements
2. Installation
3. Coming from thefuck
4. Updating
5. How it works
6. Creating your own rules
7. Settings
8. Third party packages with rules
9. Experimental instant mode
10. Developing
11. License

Requirements

• Python 3.10+
• Linux, macOS or Windows; Bash, Zsh, Fish, PowerShell or tcsh

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Installation

Install oopsh with pipx or uv, which keep it in its own environment (recent Linux distributions don't let pip install into the system Python):

pipx install oopsh
# or
uv tool install oopsh

On macOS and Linux you can also use Homebrew:

brew install geomago/tap/oopsh

# Then add this line to your .bashrc, .zshrc or other startup script:

eval "$(oopsh --alias)"
# You can use whatever you want as an alias:
eval "$(oopsh --alias argh)"

For other shells:

Changes are only available in a new shell session. To make changes immediately available, run source ~/.bashrc (or your shell config file like .zshrc).

If you just type oops before configuring anything, oopsh tells you which line to add, and adds it for you if you run oops a second time.

The alias defines two shell functions: oops and oopsh, which do the same thing. oopsh also stays the name of the program, so oopsh --version, oopsh --help and oopsh --alias keep working. (In tcsh only oops is defined.)

To run fixed commands without confirmation, use the --yeah option (or just -y for short, or --hard if you're especially frustrated):

oops --yeah

To fix commands recursively until succeeding, use the -r option:

oops -r

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Coming from thefuck

oopsh is a drop-in replacement for thefuck:

• Until you have an oopsh config dir, oopsh uses your thefuck one (~/.config/thefuck/ or ~/.thefuck/) as it is, settings and custom rules included.
• Custom rules and thefuck_contrib_* packages that import from thefuck (from thefuck.utils import for_app) keep working unchanged.
• THEFUCK_* environment variables keep working; the OOPSH_* ones win if both are set.

To switch:

1. In your shell config, replace eval $(thefuck --alias) with eval "$(oopsh --alias)". You now type oops instead of fuck; to keep the old word, use eval "$(oopsh --alias fuck)".
2. Optionally, run oopsh --migrate: it copies your thefuck config to ~/.config/oopsh/ (it never overwrites files) and tells you what else you may want to change.
3. Uninstall thefuck: pip uninstall thefuck.

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Updating

pipx upgrade oopsh
# or
uv tool upgrade oopsh
# or
brew upgrade oopsh

Uninstall

To remove oopsh, reverse the installation process:

• erase or comment the oopsh --alias line from your Bash, Zsh, Fish, PowerShell, tcsh, ... shell config
• uninstall the package: pipx uninstall oopsh (or uv tool uninstall oopsh, or brew uninstall oopsh)

How it works

oopsh attempts to match the previous command with a rule. If a match is found, a new command is created using the matched rule and executed. The following rules are enabled by default:

• adb_unknown_command – fixes misspelled commands like adb logcta;
• ag_literal – adds -Q to ag when suggested;
• aws_cli – fixes misspelled commands like aws dynamdb scan;
• az_cli – fixes misspelled commands like az providers;
• cargo – runs cargo build instead of cargo;
• cargo_no_command – fixes wrong commands like cargo buid;
• cat_dir – replaces cat with ls when you try to cat a directory;
• cd_correction – spellchecks and corrects failed cd commands;
• cd_cs – changes cs to cd;
• cd_mkdir – creates directories before cd'ing into them;
• cd_parent – changes cd.. to cd ..;
• cd_quotes – quotes directories with spaces, like cd My Documents;
• chmod_x – adds execution bit;
• choco_install – appends common suffixes for chocolatey packages;
• composer_not_command – fixes composer command name;
• composer_not_package – fixes misspelled package names for composer require, using composer's suggestions;
• conda_mistype – fixes conda commands;
• cp_create_destination – creates a new directory when you attempt to cp or mv to a non-existent one
• cp_omitting_directory – adds -a when you cp directory;
• cpp11 – adds missing -std=c++11 to g++ or clang++;
• dirty_untar – fixes tar x command that untarred in the current directory;
• dirty_unzip – fixes unzip command that unzipped in the current directory;
• django_south_ghost – adds --delete-ghost-migrations to failed because ghosts django south migration;
• django_south_merge – adds --merge to inconsistent django south migration;
• docker_login – executes a docker login and repeats the previous command;
• docker_not_command – fixes wrong docker commands like docker tags;
• docker_image_being_used_by_container ‐ removes the container that is using the image before removing the image;
• dry – fixes repetitions like git git push;
• edit_filename – adds the missing extension when an editor is given a file that does not exist, like vim module to vim module.py;
• fab_command_not_found – fixes misspelled fabric commands;
• fix_alt_space – replaces Alt+Space with Space character;
• fix_file – opens a file with an error in your $EDITOR;
• gcloud_cli – fixes misspelled commands like gcloud compute instance list;
• gem_unknown_command – fixes wrong gem commands;
• git_add – fixes "pathspec 'foo' did not match any file(s) known to git.";
• git_add_force – adds --force to git add <pathspec>... when paths are .gitignore'd;
• git_bisect_usage – fixes git bisect strt, git bisect goood, git bisect rset, etc. when bisecting;
• git_branch_delete – changes git branch -d to git branch -D;
• git_branch_delete_checked_out – changes git branch -d to git checkout master && git branch -D when trying to delete a checked out branch;
• git_branch_exists – offers git branch -d foo, git branch -D foo or git checkout foo when creating a branch that already exists;
• git_branch_list – catches git branch list in place of git branch and removes created branch;
• git_branch_0flag – fixes commands such as git branch 0v and git branch 0r removing the created branch;
• git_checkout – fixes branch name or creates new branch;
• git_clone_git_clone – replaces git clone git clone ... with git clone ...
• git_clone_missing – adds git clone to URLs that appear to link to a git repository.
• git_commit_add – offers git commit -a ... or git commit -p ... after previous commit if it failed because nothing was staged;
• git_commit_amend – offers git commit --amend after previous commit;
• git_commit_reset – offers git reset HEAD~ after previous commit;
• git_diff_no_index – adds --no-index to previous git diff on untracked files;
• git_diff_staged – adds --staged to previous git diff with unexpected output;
• git_fix_stash – fixes git stash commands (misspelled subcommand and missing save);
• git_flag_after_filename – fixes fatal: bad flag '...' after filename
• git_help_aliased – fixes git help <alias> commands replacing with the aliased command;
• git_hook_bypass – adds --no-verify flag previous to git am, git commit, or git push command;
• git_lfs_mistype – fixes mistyped git lfs <command> commands;
• git_main_master – fixes incorrect branch name between main and master
• git_merge – adds remote to branch names;
• git_merge_unrelated – adds --allow-unrelated-histories when required
• git_not_command – fixes wrong git commands like git brnch;
• git_pull – sets upstream before executing previous git pull;
• git_pull_clone – clones instead of pulling when the repo does not exist;
• git_pull_uncommitted_changes – stashes changes before pulling and pops them afterwards;
• git_push – adds --set-upstream origin $branch to previous failed git push;
• git_push_different_branch_names – fixes pushes when local branch name does not match remote branch name;
• git_push_pull – runs git pull when push was rejected;
• git_push_without_commits – creates an initial commit if you forget and only git add ., when setting up a new project;
• git_rebase_no_changes – runs git rebase --skip instead of git rebase --continue when there are no changes;
• git_remote_delete – replaces git remote delete remote_name with git remote remove remote_name;
• git_rm_local_modifications – adds -f or --cached when you try to rm a locally modified file;
• git_rm_recursive – adds -r when you try to rm a directory;
• git_rm_staged – adds -f or --cached when you try to rm a file with staged changes
• git_rebase_merge_dir – offers git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip) or removing the .git/rebase-merge dir when a rebase is in progress;
• git_remote_seturl_add – runs git remote add when git remote set_url on nonexistent remote;
• git_safe_directory – trusts a repository owned by another user with the git config --global --add safe.directory command git suggests;
• git_stash – stashes your local modifications before rebasing or switching branch;
• git_stash_pop – adds your local modifications before popping stash, then resets;
• git_tag_force – adds --force to git tag <tagname> when the tag already exists;
• git_two_dashes – adds a missing dash to commands like git commit -amend or git rebase -continue;
• go_run – appends .go extension when compiling/running Go programs;
• go_unknown_command – fixes wrong go commands, for example go bulid;
• gradle_no_task – fixes not found or ambiguous gradle task;
• gradle_wrapper – replaces gradle with ./gradlew;
• grep_arguments_order – fixes grep arguments order for situations like grep -lir . test;
• grep_recursive – adds -r when you try to grep directory;
• grunt_task_not_found – fixes misspelled grunt commands;
• gulp_not_task – fixes misspelled gulp tasks;
• has_exists_script – prepends ./ when script/binary exists;
• heroku_multiple_apps – adds --app <app> to heroku commands like heroku pg;
• heroku_not_command – fixes wrong heroku commands like heroku log;
• history – tries to replace command with the most similar command from history;
• hostscli – tries to fix hostscli usage;
• ifconfig_device_not_found – fixes wrong device names like wlan0 to wlp2s0;
• java – removes .java extension when running Java programs;
• javac – appends missing .java when compiling Java files;
• kedro_no_such_command – fixes wrong kedro commands like kedro ne;
• lein_not_task – fixes wrong lein tasks like lein rpl;
• long_form_help – changes -h to --help when the short form version is not supported
• ln_no_hard_link – catches hard link creation on directories, suggest symbolic link;
• ln_s_order – fixes ln -s arguments order;
• ls_all – adds -A to ls when output is empty;
• ls_lah – adds -lah to ls;
• makefile – fixes wrong make commands;
• man – changes manual section;
• man_no_space – fixes man commands without spaces, for example mandiff;
• mercurial – fixes wrong hg commands;
• missing_space_before_subcommand – fixes command with missing space like npminstall;
• mkdir_p – adds -p when you try to create a directory without a parent;
• mvn_no_command – adds clean package to mvn;
• mvn_unknown_lifecycle_phase – fixes misspelled life cycle phases with mvn;
• ninja – fixes wrong targets passed to the ninja build tool;
• npm_missing_script – fixes npm custom script name in npm run-script <script>;
• npm_run_script – adds missing run-script for custom npm scripts;
• npm_wrong_command – fixes wrong npm commands like npm urgrade;
• no_command – fixes wrong console commands, for example vom/vim;
• no_such_file – creates missing directories with mv and cp commands;
• omnienv_no_such_command – fixes wrong commands for goenv, nodenv, pyenv and rbenv (eg.: pyenv isntall or goenv list);
• open – either prepends http:// to address passed to open or creates a new file or directory and passes it to open;
• ping – removes http(s):// and paths when you ping a URL copied from the browser;
• pip_install – fixes permission issues with pip install commands by adding --user or prepending sudo if necessary;
• pip_unknown_command – fixes wrong pip commands, for example pip instatl/pip install;
• php_s – replaces -s by -S when trying to run a local php server;
• port_already_in_use – kills process that bound port;
• prove_recursively – adds -r when called with directory;
• python_command – prepends python when you try to run non-executable/without ./ python script;
• python_execute – appends missing .py when executing Python files;
• python_module_error – fixes ModuleNotFoundError by trying to pip install that module;
• quotation_marks – fixes uneven usage of ' and " when containing args';
• path_from_history – replaces not found path with a similar absolute path from history;
• rails_migrations_pending – runs pending migrations;
• rbenv_install – fixes ruby-build definition not found by updating ruby-build;
• react_native_command_unrecognized – fixes unrecognized react-native commands;
• remove_shell_prompt_literal – removes leading shell prompt symbol $, common when copying commands from documentations;
• remove_trailing_cedilla – removes trailing cedillas ç, a common typo for European keyboard layouts;
• restic_typo – fixes misspelled restic commands, like restic snapshot;
• rm_dir – adds -rf when you try to remove a directory;
• scm_correction – corrects wrong scm like hg log to git log;
• sed_unterminated_s – adds missing '/' to sed's s commands;
• sl_ls – changes sl to ls;
• ssh_known_hosts – removes host from known_hosts on warning;
• su – runs the command with su -c when sudo is not installed;
• sudo – prepends sudo to the previous command if it failed because of permissions;
• sudo_command_from_user_path – runs commands from users $PATH with sudo;
• switch_lang – switches command from your local layout to en;
• systemctl – correctly orders parameters of confusing systemctl;
• terraform_init.py – runs terraform init before plan or apply;
• terraform_init_upgrade – runs terraform init -upgrade when the dependency lock file is out of date, then the command again;
• terraform_no_command.py – fixes unrecognized terraform commands;
• test.py – runs pytest instead of test.py;
• touch – creates missing directories before "touching";
• tsuru_login – runs tsuru login if not authenticated or session expired;
• tsuru_not_command – fixes wrong tsuru commands like tsuru shell;
• tmux – fixes tmux commands;
• unknown_command – fixes hadoop hdfs-style "unknown command", for example adds missing '-' to the command on hdfs dfs ls;
• unsudo – removes sudo from previous command if a process refuses to run on superuser privilege.
• upper_to_lower_case – replaces the uppercase letters with lowercase, so the command is correct;
• vagrant_up – starts up the vagrant instance;
• whois – fixes whois command;
• workon_doesnt_exists – fixes virtualenvwrapper env name os suggests to create new.
• wrong_hyphen_before_subcommand – removes an improperly placed hyphen (apt-install -> apt install, git-log -> git log, etc.)
• yarn_alias – fixes aliased yarn commands like yarn ls;
• yarn_command_not_found – fixes misspelled yarn commands;
• yarn_command_replaced – fixes replaced yarn commands;
• yarn_help – makes it easier to open yarn documentation;

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The following rules are enabled by default on specific platforms only:

• apt_get – installs app from apt if it not installed (requires python-commandnotfound / python3-commandnotfound);
• apt_get_search – changes trying to search using apt-get with searching using apt-cache;
• apt_invalid_operation – fixes invalid apt and apt-get calls, like apt-get isntall vim;
• apt_list_upgradable – helps you run apt list --upgradable after apt update;
• apt_unable_to_locate – suggests packages with a similar name when apt or apt-get cannot find a package;
• apt_upgrade – helps you run apt upgrade after apt list --upgradable;
• brew_cask_dependency – installs cask dependencies;
• brew_install – fixes formula name for brew install;
• brew_reinstall – turns brew install <formula> into brew reinstall <formula>;
• brew_link – adds --overwrite --dry-run if linking fails;
• brew_uninstall – adds --force to brew uninstall if multiple versions were installed;
• brew_unknown_command – fixes wrong brew commands, for example brew docto/brew doctor;
• brew_update_formula – turns brew update <formula> into brew upgrade <formula>;
• dnf_no_such_command – fixes mistyped DNF commands;
• docker_daemon_not_running – starts the Docker daemon with systemctl and runs the command again;
• nix_shell – runs a missing command in a nix-shell with the package that provides it;
• nixos_cmd_not_found – installs apps on NixOS;
• pacman – installs app with pacman if it is not installed (uses yay, pikaur, yaourt or paru if available);
• pacman_invalid_option – replaces lowercase pacman options with uppercase.
• pacman_not_found – fixes package name with pacman, yay, pikaur, yaourt or paru.
• xcode_license – accepts the Xcode license with sudo xcodebuild -license and runs the command again;
• yum_invalid_operation – fixes invalid yum calls, like yum isntall vim;

The following commands are bundled with oopsh, but are not enabled by default:

• git_push_force – adds --force-with-lease to a git push (may conflict with git_push_pull);
• rm_root – adds --no-preserve-root to rm -rf / command.

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Creating your own rules

To add your own rule, create a file named your-rule-name.py in ~/.config/oopsh/rules. The rule file must contain two functions:

match(command: Command) -> bool
get_new_command(command: Command) -> str | list[str]

Additionally, rules can contain optional functions:

side_effect(old_command: Command, fixed_command: str) -> None

Rules can also contain the optional variables enabled_by_default, requires_output and priority.

Command has three attributes: script, output and script_parts. Your rule should not change Command.

Rules api changed in 3.0: To access a rule's settings, import it with from oopsh.conf import settings

settings is a special object assembled from ~/.config/oopsh/settings.py, and values from env (see more below).

A simple example rule for running a script with sudo:

def match(command):
    return ('permission denied' in command.output.lower()
            or 'EACCES' in command.output)


def get_new_command(command):
    return 'sudo {}'.format(command.script)

# Optional:
enabled_by_default = True

def side_effect(command, fixed_command):
    subprocess.call('chmod 777 .', shell=True)

priority = 1000  # Lower first, default is 1000

requires_output = True

More examples of rules, utility functions for rules, app/os-specific helpers.

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Settings

Several oopsh parameters can be changed in the file $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/oopsh/settings.py ($XDG_CONFIG_HOME defaults to ~/.config):

• rules – list of enabled rules, by default oopsh.const.DEFAULT_RULES;
• exclude_rules – list of disabled rules, by default [];
• require_confirmation – requires confirmation before running new command, by default True;
• wait_command – the max amount of time in seconds for getting previous command output;
• no_colors – disable colored output;
• priority – dict with rules priorities, rule with lower priority will be matched first;
• debug – enables debug output, by default False;
• history_limit – the numeric value of how many history commands will be scanned, like 2000;
• alter_history – push fixed command to history, by default True;
• wait_slow_command – max amount of time in seconds for getting previous command output if it in slow_commands list;
• slow_commands – list of slow commands;
• num_close_matches – the maximum number of close matches to suggest, by default 3.
• excluded_search_path_prefixes – path prefixes to ignore when searching for commands, by default []. On Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), adding ['/mnt/'] or ['/mnt/c/'] avoids searching Windows paths, which can make oopsh much slower.

An example of settings.py:

rules = ['sudo', 'no_command']
exclude_rules = ['git_push']
require_confirmation = True
wait_command = 10
no_colors = False
priority = {'sudo': 100, 'no_command': 9999}
debug = False
history_limit = 9999
wait_slow_command = 20
slow_commands = ['react-native', 'gradle']
num_close_matches = 5

Or via environment variables:

• OOPSH_RULES – list of enabled rules, like DEFAULT_RULES:rm_root or sudo:no_command;
• OOPSH_EXCLUDE_RULES – list of disabled rules, like git_pull:git_push;
• OOPSH_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION – require confirmation before running new command, true/false;
• OOPSH_WAIT_COMMAND – the max amount of time in seconds for getting previous command output;
• OOPSH_NO_COLORS – disable colored output, true/false;
• OOPSH_PRIORITY – priority of the rules, like no_command=9999:apt_get=100, rule with lower priority will be matched first;
• OOPSH_DEBUG – enables debug output, true/false;
• OOPSH_HISTORY_LIMIT – how many history commands will be scanned, like 2000;
• OOPSH_ALTER_HISTORY – push fixed command to history true/false;
• OOPSH_WAIT_SLOW_COMMAND – the max amount of time in seconds for getting previous command output if it in slow_commands list;
• OOPSH_SLOW_COMMANDS – list of slow commands, like lein:gradle;
• OOPSH_NUM_CLOSE_MATCHES – the maximum number of close matches to suggest, like 5.
• OOPSH_EXCLUDED_SEARCH_PATH_PREFIXES – path prefixes to ignore when searching for commands, by default [].

For example:

export OOPSH_RULES='sudo:no_command'
export OOPSH_EXCLUDE_RULES='git_pull:git_push'
export OOPSH_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION='true'
export OOPSH_WAIT_COMMAND=10
export OOPSH_NO_COLORS='false'
export OOPSH_PRIORITY='no_command=9999:apt_get=100'
export OOPSH_HISTORY_LIMIT='2000'
export OOPSH_NUM_CLOSE_MATCHES='5'

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Third-party packages with rules

If you'd like to make a specific set of non-public rules, but would still like to share them with others, create a package named oopsh_contrib_* with the following structure (packages named thefuck_contrib_* work too):

oopsh_contrib_foo
  oopsh_contrib_foo
    rules
      __init__.py
      *third-party rules*
    __init__.py
    *third-party-utils*
  pyproject.toml

oopsh will find rules located in the rules module.

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Experimental instant mode

The default behavior of oopsh requires time to re-run previous commands. When in instant mode, oopsh saves time by logging output with script, then reading the log.

Currently, instant mode only supports bash or zsh. zsh's autocorrect function also needs to be disabled in order for oopsh to work properly.

To enable instant mode, add --enable-experimental-instant-mode to the alias initialization in .bashrc, .bash_profile or .zshrc.

For example:

eval "$(oopsh --alias --enable-experimental-instant-mode)"

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Developing

See CONTRIBUTING.md

License MIT

Project License can be found here.

oopsh is based on thefuck by Vladimir Iakovlev and its many contributors, originally inspired by a @liamosaur tweet.

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