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OpenWRaw

CI DOI crates.io PyPI docs.rs License: Apache-2.0 Rust MSRV

Part of the OpenMassSpec stack for mass spectrometry raw-file access.

Rust and Python reader for the Waters MassLynx RAW mass spectrometry data format. Cross-platform (Linux, macOS, Windows), with no native or system dependencies.

Documentation: sigilweaver.app/openwraw/docs

Install

Prefer openmassspec-io with the waters feature/extra unless you need this parser standalone (minimal dependencies, or building your own abstraction) - the umbrella gives you format auto-detection, mzML conversion, and Arrow streaming across all wired-in vendors for free:

cargo add openmassspec-io --features waters
pip install openmassspec[waters]

Standalone:

Rust:

cargo add openwraw

Python:

pip install openwraw

Quickstart

Rust:

use openwraw::Reader;

let r = Reader::open("sample.raw")?;
for f in &r.functions {
    println!("function {}: {} scans", f.index, f.scan_count());
}

Python:

import openwraw

r = openwraw.RawReader("sample.raw")
spec = r.read_spectrum(1, 0)
print(spec.mz[:5], spec.intensity[:5])

See the docs site for the full quickstart, guide, and format specification.

Known issues and gaps

  • m/z is not lock-mass corrected, and is typically 30 to 100 ppm off. m/z uses only the calibration stored in _HEADER.TXT. Lock-mass (reference) functions are skipped when iterating spectra and are not used to correct the others. Measured on the 69 lock-mass functions of the public test corpus, the reference ion reads about 46 ppm from its true m/z (median), 98 ppm at the 95th percentile and up to 162 ppm. For accurate-mass work, recalibrate against known masses (most search engines have a mass recalibration step; the bundle's own lock-mass scans are available through Reader::decode_scan), or search with tolerances of at least 100 ppm.
  • No ion mobility decoding. SYNAPT, Vion and Cyclic IMS scans are returned as m/z and intensity only. There is no drift-time output, and mzML output carries no mobility arrays.
  • DDA precursors carry m/z only. Data-dependent MS/MS scans report the precursor m/z recorded for each scan, as both isolation window target and selected ion m/z. No charge state, isolation width or reference to the triggering survey scan is reported; none has been found in the files.
  • MS level of Vion MSe data. The high-energy function of an MSe acquisition is reported as MS2 when the bundle labels it TOF PARENT, or labels it TOF MS and records its collision-energy ramp. Vion bundles exported by UNIFI record no collision energy, so both of their TOF MS functions are reported as MS1.
  • Polarity is reported only when the bundle records it. UNIFI exports do not, so their spectra have no polarity.
  • Encoding E (12-byte records): intensity flag bits and the auxiliary word are not interpreted; flagged peaks are kept. Encoding E spectra are labelled centroid. That is confirmed from point spacing for the Xevo G2-XS lock-mass functions but not for LCT Premier bundles.
  • Tested instruments. The public test corpus covers Q-Tof, SYNAPT, Vion, Cyclic IMS and Xevo G2-XS/G3 QTof data in positive mode, including MSe, HDMSe, DDA, targeted MS/MS and one MALDI MS/MS bundle. Triple and single quadrupole (MRM/SIR), GC and negative-mode data are untested.

Debug logging

OpenWRaw logs how it reads a bundle: which side files it resolved (including sample-prefixed names), instrument and geometry from _extern.inf, and for each function the scan count, mass range, chosen record encoding and why, and calibration. Warnings flag skipped functions, missing calibration, unreadable _FUNCnnn.STS files, and indexes that address more bytes than their DAT file holds. Per-scan byte ranges are logged at trace level.

Rust uses the log facade; install any logger:

RUST_LOG=openwraw=debug your-program sample.raw   # with env_logger

Python forwards to the standard logging module under the openwraw logger. Configure it before opening files:

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

import openwraw
openwraw.RawReader("sample.raw")

Include this output when reporting a file that fails to open or decode.

Corpus decode audit

Run every non-lock-mass scan in a directory tree of Waters RAW bundles:

cargo run -p openwraw --release --example audit_corpus -- /path/to/corpus

The command reports opened bundles, decoded scans, and the first error per bundle, then checks each lock-mass function against its reference compound (ReferenceMass1 in _extern.inf, or Leu-Enk / Glu-fib). It exits with an error if any bundle fails to open, any scan fails to decode, or any lock-mass function is more than 100 ppm off. Add --lock-only to skip the full scan pass.

The 2026-09-26 corpus audit records the expanded corpus results and the format gaps it exposed.

Repository layout

crates/
  openwraw/      Core Rust library
  openwraw-py/   PyO3 / maturin Python bindings
docs/            Docusaurus site (format spec + guides)

License

Apache-2.0. See LICENSE.

The format specification was developed by binary analysis of public mass-spectrometry datasets (PRIDE accessions). See ATTRIBUTION.md.

Metadata

Release files for openwraw 4.0.0

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Table of built distributions (wheels) for openwraw 4.0.0
File
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openwraw-4.0.0-pp311-pypy311_pp73-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl PyPy 3.11 PyPy 3.11 7.3 Linux glibc 2.17+ ARM64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp315-cp315-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl CPython 3.15 CPython 3.15 Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64 Details
openwraw-4.0.0-cp314-cp314t-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 free-threading Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp314-cp314-win_amd64.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 Windows x86-64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp314-cp314-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details
openwraw-4.0.0-cp314-cp314-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl CPython 3.14 CPython 3.14 macOS 10.12+ x86-64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 macOS 10.12+ x86-64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.17+ ARM64 Details
openwraw-4.0.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details
openwraw-4.0.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 macOS 10.12+ x86-64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.17+ x86-64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl CPython 3.10 CPython 3.10 Linux glibc 2.17+ ARM64 Details
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openwraw-4.0.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl CPython 3.9 CPython 3.9 Linux glibc 2.17+ ARM64 Details
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This release

4.0.0 This release

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3.0.0

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2.0.0

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1.2.9

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1.2.8

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1.0.1

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1.0.0

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