owl-browser 1.2.4

AI-first browser automation SDK with on-device vision model and natural language selectors

Owl Browser SDK for Python

AI-first browser automation SDK with on-device vision model, natural language selectors, and comprehensive stealth features.

Features

• Natural Language Selectors - Click, type, and interact using descriptions like "search button" or "login form"
• On-Device Vision Model - Built-in Qwen 3 model for page understanding and CAPTCHA solving
• Stealth Mode - Proxy support with timezone spoofing, WebRTC blocking, and anti-detection
• Thread-Safe - Designed for concurrent usage with multiple pages
• Simple API - Minimal code required for common tasks
• Dual Mode - Connect to local browser binary OR remote HTTP server

Installation

pip install owl-browser

Note: You must also build the Owl Browser binary. See the main project README for build instructions.

Quick Start

from owl_browser import Browser

# Simple usage with context manager
with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

    # Natural language selectors
    page.click("search button")
    page.type("search input", "hello world")

    # Take screenshot
    page.screenshot("screenshot.png")

Remote Mode (HTTP Server)

The SDK supports connecting to a remote Owl Browser HTTP server, enabling:

• Cloud deployment - Run browser on remote servers
• Distributed scraping - Connect multiple clients to one browser
• Resource optimization - Share browser resources across applications

Basic Remote Usage

from owl_browser import Browser, RemoteConfig

# Connect to remote browser server
browser = Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(
    url="http://192.168.1.100:8080",
    token="your-secret-token"
))
browser.launch()

# API is identical to local mode!
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")
page.click("search button")
page.type("search input", "hello world")
page.screenshot("screenshot.png")

browser.close()

Remote with Context Manager

from owl_browser import Browser, RemoteConfig

with Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(
    url="http://localhost:8080",
    token="secret-token"
)) as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")
    page.screenshot("screenshot.png")

Async Remote Usage

import asyncio
from owl_browser import AsyncBrowser, RemoteConfig

async def main():
    async with AsyncBrowser(remote=RemoteConfig(
        url="http://192.168.1.100:8080",
        token="your-secret-token"
    )) as browser:
        page = await browser.new_page()
        await page.goto("https://example.com")
        await page.screenshot("screenshot.png")

asyncio.run(main())

JWT Authentication

For enhanced security, the SDK supports JWT (JSON Web Token) authentication with RSA signing. The SDK can automatically generate and refresh JWT tokens using your private key:

from owl_browser import Browser, RemoteConfig, JWTConfig, AuthMode

# Connect with JWT authentication (auto-generated tokens)
browser = Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(
    url="http://192.168.1.100:8080",
    auth_mode=AuthMode.JWT,
    jwt=JWTConfig(
        private_key="/path/to/private.pem",  # RSA private key
        expires_in=3600,                      # Token validity (1 hour)
        refresh_threshold=300,                # Refresh 5 min before expiry
        issuer="my-app",                      # Optional claims
        subject="user-123"
    )
))
browser.launch()

You can also use the JWT utilities directly:

from owl_browser import generate_jwt, decode_jwt, JWTManager, generate_key_pair

# Generate a single token
token = generate_jwt('/path/to/private.pem', expires_in=7200, issuer='my-app')

# Decode a token (without verification)
decoded = decode_jwt(token)
print(f"Expires at: {decoded['payload']['exp']}")

# Use JWTManager for auto-refresh
jwt_manager = JWTManager('/path/to/private.pem', expires_in=3600, refresh_threshold=300)
token = jwt_manager.get_token()  # Auto-refreshes when needed

# Generate new RSA key pair
private_key, public_key = generate_key_pair()
with open('private.pem', 'w') as f:
    f.write(private_key)
with open('public.pem', 'w') as f:
    f.write(public_key)

WebSocket Transport

For lower latency and persistent connections, use WebSocket transport instead of HTTP:

from owl_browser import Browser, RemoteConfig, TransportMode, ReconnectConfig

# WebSocket mode - real-time communication
browser = Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(
    url="http://192.168.1.100:8080",
    token="your-secret-token",
    transport=TransportMode.WEBSOCKET,  # Use WebSocket instead of HTTP
    reconnect=ReconnectConfig(
        enabled=True,
        max_attempts=5,
        initial_delay_ms=1000,
        max_delay_ms=30000
    )
))
browser.launch()

High-Performance Configuration

For high-concurrency workloads, configure retry, and concurrency limits:

from owl_browser import Browser, RemoteConfig, RetryConfig, ConcurrencyConfig

# High-performance HTTP configuration
browser = Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(
    url="http://192.168.1.100:8080",
    token="your-secret-token",
    timeout=30000,
    # Retry configuration with exponential backoff
    retry=RetryConfig(
        max_retries=5,
        initial_delay_ms=100,
        max_delay_ms=10000,
        backoff_multiplier=2.0,
        jitter_factor=0.1
    ),
    # Concurrency limiting
    concurrency=ConcurrencyConfig(
        max_concurrent=50
    )
))
browser.launch()

RemoteConfig Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
url	str	required	Base URL of HTTP server (e.g., http://localhost:8080)
token	str	-	Bearer token (required for TOKEN mode)
auth_mode	AuthMode	TOKEN	Authentication mode (TOKEN or JWT)
jwt	JWTConfig	-	JWT configuration (required for JWT mode)
transport	TransportMode	HTTP	Transport mode (HTTP or WEBSOCKET)
timeout	int	30000	Request timeout in milliseconds
verify_ssl	bool	True	Verify SSL certificates
retry	RetryConfig	-	Retry configuration for HTTP transport
reconnect	ReconnectConfig	-	Reconnection config for WebSocket
concurrency	ConcurrencyConfig	-	Concurrency limiting config

JWTConfig Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
private_key	str	required	Path to RSA private key or PEM string
expires_in	int	3600	Token validity in seconds
refresh_threshold	int	300	Seconds before expiry to refresh
issuer	str	-	Issuer claim (iss)
subject	str	-	Subject claim (sub)
audience	str	-	Audience claim (aud)
claims	dict	-	Additional custom claims

RetryConfig Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
max_retries	int	3	Maximum number of retry attempts
initial_delay_ms	int	100	Initial delay in milliseconds
max_delay_ms	int	10000	Maximum delay cap in milliseconds
backoff_multiplier	float	2.0	Multiplier for exponential backoff
jitter_factor	float	0.1	Random jitter factor (0-1)

ReconnectConfig Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
enabled	bool	True	Whether auto-reconnection is enabled
max_attempts	int	5	Maximum reconnection attempts (0 = infinite)
initial_delay_ms	int	1000	Initial delay in milliseconds
max_delay_ms	int	30000	Maximum delay cap in milliseconds
backoff_multiplier	float	2.0	Multiplier for exponential backoff
jitter_factor	float	0.1	Random jitter factor (0-1)

ConcurrencyConfig Options

Option	Type	Default	Description
max_concurrent	int	10	Maximum concurrent requests

Checking Connection Mode

from owl_browser import Browser, RemoteConfig, ConnectionMode

browser = Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(url="...", token="..."))
browser.launch()

# Check the connection mode
print(f"Mode: {browser.mode}")  # ConnectionMode.REMOTE
print(f"Is Remote: {browser.is_remote}")  # True

browser.close()

Setting Up the HTTP Server

See http-server/README.md for instructions on deploying the Owl Browser HTTP server.

# Start the HTTP server
./owl_browser --http --port 8080 --token "your-secret-token"

Usage Examples

Basic Navigation and Interaction

from owl_browser import Browser

browser = Browser()
browser.launch()

page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")

# Click using various selector types
page.click("#submit")           # CSS selector
page.click("100x200")           # Coordinates
page.click("login button")      # Natural language

# Type into inputs
page.type("#email", "[e-mail]")
page.type("password field", "secret123")

# Select from dropdowns
page.pick("country dropdown", "United States")

# Press special keys
from owl_browser import KeyName
page.press_key(KeyName.ENTER)

# Human-like mouse movement (anti-bot detection)
page.mouse_move(100, 100, 500, 300)  # Move from (100,100) to (500,300)
page.mouse_move(100, 100, 500, 300, steps=50)  # With 50 intermediate steps
page.mouse_move(100, 100, 500, 300, stop_points=[  # With stop points
    [200, 150],
    [350, 250]
])

browser.close()

AI-Powered Features

from owl_browser import Browser

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://news.example.com")

    # Query the page using LLM
    summary = page.query_page("What are the main headlines?")
    print(summary)

    # Get structured page summary
    summary = page.summarize_page()
    print(summary)

    # Execute natural language commands
    page.execute_nla("scroll down and click the first article")

    # Auto-solve CAPTCHAs
    result = page.solve_captcha()
    if result.get("success"):
        print("CAPTCHA solved!")

Concurrent Scraping

from owl_browser import Browser
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

browser = Browser()
browser.launch()

def scrape_url(url):
    """Scrape a single URL - each call gets its own isolated page."""
    page = browser.new_page()
    try:
        page.goto(url)
        return {
            "url": url,
            "title": page.get_title(),
            "text": page.extract_text("main content")
        }
    finally:
        page.close()

urls = [
    "https://example1.com",
    "https://example2.com",
    "https://example3.com",
]

# Scrape 5 pages concurrently
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
    results = list(executor.map(scrape_url, urls))

browser.close()

for result in results:
    print(f"{result['title']}: {result['text'][:100]}...")

Proxy with Stealth

from owl_browser import Browser, ProxyConfig, ProxyType

with Browser() as browser:
    # Create page with proxy and timezone spoofing
    page = browser.new_page(proxy=ProxyConfig(
        type=ProxyType.SOCKS5H,  # SOCKS5 with remote DNS
        host="proxy.example.com",
        port=1080,
        username="user",
        password="pass",
        stealth=True,           # Block WebRTC leaks
        timezone_override="America/New_York"  # Match proxy location
    ))

    page.goto("https://whatismyip.com")
    page.screenshot("proxy-test.png")

    # Check proxy status
    status = page.get_proxy_status()
    print(f"Proxy connected: {status.connected}")

Cookie Management

from owl_browser import Browser

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

    # Get all cookies
    cookies = page.get_cookies()
    for cookie in cookies:
        print(f"{cookie.name}: {cookie.value}")

    # Set a cookie
    page.set_cookie(
        url="https://example.com",
        name="session",
        value="abc123",
        secure=True,
        http_only=True
    )

    # Delete specific cookie
    page.delete_cookies("https://example.com", "session")

    # Delete all cookies
    page.delete_cookies()

Video Recording

from owl_browser import Browser

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()

    # Start recording
    page.start_video_recording(fps=30)

    page.goto("https://example.com")
    page.click("some button")
    page.type("input field", "test data")

    # Stop and get video path
    video_path = page.stop_video_recording()
    print(f"Video saved to: {video_path}")

Content Extraction

from owl_browser import Browser, CleanLevel, ExtractionTemplate

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

    # Extract text
    text = page.extract_text()
    article = page.extract_text("main article")

    # Get as Markdown
    markdown = page.get_markdown(include_links=True, include_images=False)

    # Get clean HTML
    html = page.get_html(CleanLevel.AGGRESSIVE)

    # Extract structured JSON (auto-detects template)
    data = page.extract_json()

    # Use specific template
    data = page.extract_json(ExtractionTemplate.GOOGLE_SEARCH)

Test Execution

Run tests exported from the Developer Playground:

from owl_browser import Browser

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()

    # Run test from JSON file
    result = page.run_test("my-test.json", verbose=True)

    # Or define inline
    result = page.run_test({
        "name": "Login Test",
        "steps": [
            {"type": "navigate", "url": "https://example.com/login"},
            {"type": "type", "selector": "#email", "text": "[e-mail]"},
            {"type": "type", "selector": "#password", "text": "password123"},
            {"type": "click", "selector": "button[type='submit']"},
            {"type": "wait", "duration": 2000},
            {"type": "screenshot", "filename": "logged-in.png"}
        ]
    })

    print(f"Test: {result.test_name}")
    print(f"Success: {result.successful_steps}/{result.total_steps}")
    print(f"Time: {result.execution_time}ms")

Quick Utilities

For simple one-off operations:

from owl_browser import quick_screenshot, quick_extract, quick_query

# Take a quick screenshot
quick_screenshot("https://example.com", "example.png")

# Extract text quickly
text = quick_extract("https://example.com", "main content")

# Query a page
answer = quick_query("https://news.com", "What is the top headline?")

Async/Await Usage

For asyncio-based applications:

import asyncio
from owl_browser import AsyncBrowser

async def main():
    async with AsyncBrowser() as browser:
        page = await browser.new_page()
        await page.goto("https://example.com")

        # All methods are async
        await page.click("search button")
        await page.type("search input", "hello world")

        text = await page.extract_text()
        await page.screenshot("screenshot.png")

asyncio.run(main())

Concurrent Async Scraping

import asyncio
from owl_browser import AsyncBrowser, ProxyConfig, ProxyType

async def scrape_url(browser, url):
    """Scrape a single URL."""
    page = await browser.new_page()
    try:
        await page.goto(url)
        return {
            "url": url,
            "title": await page.get_title(),
            "text": await page.extract_text("main")
        }
    finally:
        await page.close()

async def main():
    urls = [
        "https://example1.com",
        "https://example2.com",
        "https://example3.com",
    ]

    async with AsyncBrowser() as browser:
        # Scrape all URLs concurrently
        results = await asyncio.gather(*[
            scrape_url(browser, url) for url in urls
        ])

    for result in results:
        print(f"{result['title']}: {result['text'][:50]}...")

asyncio.run(main())

Quick Async Utilities

import asyncio
from owl_browser import async_screenshot, async_extract, async_query

async def main():
    # Quick screenshot
    await async_screenshot("https://example.com", "example.png")

    # Quick extraction
    text = await async_extract("https://example.com", "main content")

    # Quick LLM query
    answer = await async_query("https://news.com", "What is the top headline?")

asyncio.run(main())

API Reference

Browser

Method	Description
launch()	Start the browser process
new_page(proxy?, llm?)	Create a new page (context)
pages()	Get all active pages
get_llm_status()	Check LLM availability
get_demographics()	Get location, time, weather
close()	Close browser and all pages

BrowserContext (Page)

Navigation

Method	Description
goto(url)	Navigate to URL
reload(ignore_cache?)	Reload page
go_back()	Navigate back
go_forward()	Navigate forward

Interaction

Method	Description
click(selector)	Click element
type(selector, text)	Type into input
pick(selector, value)	Select from dropdown
press_key(key)	Press special key
submit_form()	Submit focused form
highlight(selector)	Highlight element
hover(selector, duration?)	Hover over element
double_click(selector)	Double-click element
right_click(selector)	Right-click (context menu)
clear_input(selector)	Clear input field
focus(selector)	Focus on element
blur(selector)	Remove focus from element
select_all(selector)	Select all text in input
keyboard_combo(key, modifiers)	Press key combination (Ctrl+A, etc.)
drag_drop(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y)	Drag and drop
mouse_move(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, steps?, stop_points?)	Human-like mouse movement

Element State

Method	Description
is_visible(selector)	Check if element is visible
is_enabled(selector)	Check if element is enabled
is_checked(selector)	Check if checkbox/radio is checked
get_attribute(selector, attr)	Get element attribute value
get_bounding_box(selector)	Get element position and size

File Upload

Method	Description
upload_file(selector, file_paths)	Upload files to input

Frame/Iframe Handling

Method	Description
list_frames()	List all frames on page
switch_to_frame(selector)	Switch to iframe
switch_to_main_frame()	Switch back to main frame

JavaScript Evaluation

Method	Description
evaluate(script, args?)	Execute JavaScript in page context

Content

Method	Description
extract_text(selector?)	Extract text content
get_html(clean_level?)	Get HTML
get_markdown(...)	Get as Markdown
extract_json(template?)	Extract structured JSON
summarize_page()	Get LLM page summary

AI Features

Method	Description
query_page(query)	Ask LLM about page
execute_nla(command)	Execute NL command
solve_captcha()	Auto-solve CAPTCHA

Screenshot & Video

Method	Description
screenshot(path?)	Take screenshot
start_video_recording(fps?)	Start recording
stop_video_recording()	Stop and save video

Cookies & Proxy

Method	Description
get_cookies(url?)	Get cookies
set_cookie(...)	Set a cookie
delete_cookies(...)	Delete cookies
set_proxy(config)	Configure proxy
get_proxy_status()	Get proxy status
connect_proxy()	Enable proxy
disconnect_proxy()	Disable proxy

Network Interception

Method	Description
add_network_rule(rule)	Add interception rule (block, mock, redirect)
remove_network_rule(rule_id)	Remove a rule
set_network_interception(enabled)	Enable/disable interception
get_network_log(limit?)	Get network request log
clear_network_log()	Clear the log

File Downloads

Method	Description
set_download_path(path)	Set download directory
get_downloads()	Get list of downloads
wait_for_download(id?, timeout?)	Wait for download to complete
cancel_download(download_id)	Cancel a download

Dialog Handling

Method	Description
set_dialog_action(type, action, text?)	Configure auto-handling policy
get_pending_dialog()	Get pending dialog info
handle_dialog(id, accept, text?)	Accept/dismiss dialog
wait_for_dialog(timeout?)	Wait for dialog to appear

Tab/Window Management

Method	Description
new_tab(url?)	Create new tab
get_tabs()	List all tabs
switch_tab(tab_id)	Switch to tab
get_active_tab()	Get active tab
close_tab(tab_id)	Close a tab
get_tab_count()	Get tab count
set_popup_policy(policy)	Configure popup handling
get_blocked_popups()	Get blocked popup URLs

New Features

Network Interception

Block, mock, or redirect network requests:

from owl_browser import Browser, NetworkRule, NetworkAction

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()

    # Block ads
    rule_id = page.add_network_rule(NetworkRule(
        url_pattern='https://ads.example.com/*',
        action=NetworkAction.BLOCK
    ))

    # Mock API response
    page.add_network_rule(NetworkRule(
        url_pattern='https://api.example.com/data',
        action=NetworkAction.MOCK,
        mock_body='{"status": "ok"}',
        mock_status=200,
        mock_content_type='application/json'
    ))

    # Redirect requests
    page.add_network_rule(NetworkRule(
        url_pattern='https://old-api.example.com/*',
        action=NetworkAction.REDIRECT,
        redirect_url='https://new-api.example.com/'
    ))

    # Enable interception
    page.set_network_interception(True)

    # Navigate and check log
    page.goto("https://example.com")
    log = page.get_network_log()

    # Remove rule
    page.remove_network_rule(rule_id)

File Downloads

Handle file downloads:

from owl_browser import Browser

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com/files")

    # Set download directory
    page.set_download_path('/tmp/downloads')

    # Click a download link
    page.click('a[download]')

    # Wait for download to complete
    download = page.wait_for_download()
    print(f"Downloaded: {download.filename} to {download.path}")

    # Or get all downloads
    downloads = page.get_downloads()

    # Cancel a download
    page.cancel_download(download.id)

Dialog Handling

Handle JavaScript dialogs (alert, confirm, prompt):

from owl_browser import Browser, DialogType, DialogAction

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()

    # Auto-accept alerts
    page.set_dialog_action(DialogType.ALERT, DialogAction.ACCEPT)

    # Auto-respond to prompts
    page.set_dialog_action(
        DialogType.PROMPT,
        DialogAction.ACCEPT_WITH_TEXT,
        "My answer"
    )

    # Dismiss confirms
    page.set_dialog_action(DialogType.CONFIRM, DialogAction.DISMISS)

    page.goto("https://example.com")

    # Or handle manually
    dialog = page.wait_for_dialog()
    print(f"Dialog message: {dialog.message}")
    page.handle_dialog(dialog.id, accept=True, response_text="response")

Multi-Tab Management

Work with multiple tabs:

from owl_browser import Browser, PopupPolicy

with Browser() as browser:
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

    # Create new tab
    tab = page.new_tab('https://google.com')
    print(f"Tab ID: {tab.tab_id}")

    # List all tabs
    tabs = page.get_tabs()
    for t in tabs:
        print(f"Tab: {t.title} - {t.url}")

    # Switch to a tab
    page.switch_tab(tabs[0].tab_id)

    # Get active tab
    active = page.get_active_tab()

    # Get tab count
    count = page.get_tab_count()

    # Close a tab
    page.close_tab(tab.tab_id)

    # Configure popup handling
    page.set_popup_policy(PopupPolicy.BLOCK)

    # Get blocked popups
    blocked = page.get_blocked_popups()

Error Handling

The SDK provides specific exception types for different error scenarios:

from owl_browser import (
    Browser, RemoteConfig, JWTConfig, AuthMode,
    AuthenticationError, RateLimitError, IPBlockedError,
    LicenseError, BrowserInitializationError, FirewallError,
    ActionError, ActionStatus, ActionResult,
    ElementNotFoundError, NavigationError, ContextError
)

try:
    browser = Browser(remote=RemoteConfig(
        url="http://localhost:8080",
        auth_mode=AuthMode.JWT,
        jwt=JWTConfig(private_key="/path/to/private.pem")
    ))
    browser.launch()

    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

    # This will raise ElementNotFoundError if element doesn't exist
    page.click("non-existent button")

except ElementNotFoundError as e:
    # Element was not found on the page
    print(f"Element not found: {e}")

except NavigationError as e:
    # Navigation failed (timeout, page load error, etc.)
    print(f"Navigation failed: {e}")

except ActionError as e:
    # Generic action error with detailed status
    print(f"Action failed: {e.message}")
    print(f"Status: {e.status}")
    print(f"Selector: {e.selector}")
    # Check specific error types
    if e.is_element_not_found():
        print("Could not find element")
    elif e.is_navigation_error():
        print("Navigation issue")
    elif e.is_timeout():
        print("Operation timed out")

except FirewallError as e:
    # Web firewall/bot protection detected
    print(f"Firewall detected: {e.provider}")
    print(f"Challenge type: {e.challenge_type}")
    print(f"URL: {e.url}")

except AuthenticationError as e:
    # 401 - Invalid or expired token
    print(f"Auth failed: {e.message}")
    print(f"Reason: {e.reason}")

except RateLimitError as e:
    # 429 - Too many requests
    print(f"Rate limited. Retry after: {e.retry_after} seconds")

except IPBlockedError as e:
    # 403 - IP not whitelisted
    print(f"IP blocked: {e.ip_address}")

except LicenseError as e:
    # License validation failed
    print(f"License error: {e.status}")

except BrowserInitializationError as e:
    print(f"Failed to start browser: {e}")

finally:
    browser.close()

Action Result Validation

The browser returns structured ActionResult responses for browser actions, providing detailed information about success or failure:

from owl_browser import (
    ActionStatus, ActionResult, ActionError,
    is_action_result, throw_if_action_failed
)

# ActionStatus enum values (common ones)
ActionStatus.OK                      # Action succeeded
ActionStatus.ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND       # Element not found on page
ActionStatus.ELEMENT_NOT_VISIBLE     # Element exists but not visible
ActionStatus.ELEMENT_NOT_INTERACTABLE # Element not interactable
ActionStatus.NAVIGATION_FAILED       # Navigation failed
ActionStatus.NAVIGATION_TIMEOUT      # Navigation timed out
ActionStatus.PAGE_LOAD_ERROR         # Page failed to load
ActionStatus.FIREWALL_DETECTED       # Web firewall/bot protection detected
ActionStatus.CAPTCHA_DETECTED        # CAPTCHA challenge detected
ActionStatus.CLICK_FAILED            # Click action failed
ActionStatus.CLICK_INTERCEPTED       # Click intercepted by another element
ActionStatus.TYPE_FAILED             # Type action failed
ActionStatus.TYPE_PARTIAL            # Partial text entered
ActionStatus.PICK_FAILED             # Dropdown selection failed
ActionStatus.UPLOAD_FAILED           # File upload failed
ActionStatus.FRAME_SWITCH_FAILED     # Failed to switch to frame
ActionStatus.TAB_SWITCH_FAILED       # Failed to switch to tab
ActionStatus.CONTEXT_NOT_FOUND       # Browser context not found
ActionStatus.INVALID_SELECTOR        # Invalid selector provided
ActionStatus.TIMEOUT                 # Operation timed out
ActionStatus.VERIFICATION_TIMEOUT    # Verification timed out

# ActionResult dataclass
@dataclass
class ActionResult:
    success: bool
    status: str
    message: str
    selector: Optional[str] = None      # The selector that failed
    url: Optional[str] = None           # URL involved (navigation errors)
    http_status: Optional[int] = None   # HTTP status code
    error_code: Optional[str] = None    # Browser error code
    element_count: Optional[int] = None # Elements found (multiple_elements)

# Helper functions
if is_action_result(result):
    throw_if_action_failed(result)  # Raises appropriate exception

Exception Types

Exception	HTTP Code	Description
ActionError	-	Browser action failed with status code and details
ElementNotFoundError	-	Element not found on page
NavigationError	-	Navigation failed (timeout, load error)
FirewallError	-	Web firewall/bot protection detected (Cloudflare, Akamai, etc.)
ContextError	-	Browser context not found
AuthenticationError	401	Invalid/expired token or JWT signature mismatch
RateLimitError	429	Too many requests, includes retry_after in seconds
IPBlockedError	403	Client IP not in whitelist
LicenseError	503	Browser license validation failed
BrowserInitializationError	-	Failed to start/connect to browser
CommandTimeoutError	-	Operation timed out

FirewallError Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
url	str	The URL where the firewall was detected
provider	str	Firewall provider (Cloudflare, Akamai, Imperva, etc.)
challenge_type	str?	Type of challenge (JS Challenge, CAPTCHA, etc.)

The browser automatically detects web firewalls including Cloudflare, Akamai, Imperva, PerimeterX, DataDome, and AWS WAF.

ActionError Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
status	str	Status code (e.g., element_not_found)
message	str	Human-readable error message
selector	str?	The selector that failed
url	str?	URL involved in navigation errors
http_status	int?	HTTP status code
error_code	str?	Browser error code
element_count	int?	Number of elements found

Thread Safety

The SDK is designed for concurrent usage:

• Browser instance can be shared across threads
• Each BrowserContext (page) is isolated
• Multiple pages can run operations simultaneously
• IPC communication is thread-safe with proper locking

Best practice for concurrent scraping:

1. Create one Browser instance
2. Create separate pages for each concurrent task
3. Close pages when done to free resources

Requirements

• Python 3.8+
• macOS or Linux
• Built Owl Browser binary

License

MIT License - see the main project for details.