PANINIpy

PANINIpy: Package of Algorithms for Nonparametric Inference with Networks in Python is a package designed for nonparametric inference with complex network data, with methods for identifying hubs in networks, regionalizing mobility or distributional data over spatial networks, clustering network populations, and constructing hypergraphs from temporal data among other features.

Table of Contents

• Installation
• Modules
  • Binning Temporal Hypergraphs
  • Clustering Network Populations
  • Regionalization with Distributional Data
  • Identifying Network Hubs
  • Regionalization with Community Detection
  • MDL Network Backbones
  • Partial Rankings
• Documentation
• Citation
• License

Installation

pip install paninipy

PyPI

Modules

Binning Temporal Hypergraphs

Identify MDL-optimal temporally contiguous partitions of event data between distinct node sets (e.g. users and products).
Utilizes method derived in “Inference of dynamic hypergraph representations in temporal interaction data” (Kirkley, 2024, https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16546).

Clustering Network Populations

Generate synthetic network population datasets and perform clustering of observed network populations, multilayer network layers, or temporal networks.
Utilizes method derived in “Compressing network populations with modal networks reveals structural diversity” (Kirkley et al., 2023, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.13827).

Regionalization with Distributional Data

Perform MDL-based regionalization on distributional (e.g. census) data over space.
Utilizes method derived in “Spatial regionalization as optimal data compression” (Kirkley, 2022, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.01813).

Identifying Network Hubs

Identify hub nodes in a network using different information theoretic criteria.
Utilizes methods derived in “Identifying hubs in directed networks” (Kirkley, 2024, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.03347).

Regionalization with Community Detection

Perform community detection-based regionalization on network data.
Utilizes method derived in “Bayesian regionalization of urban mobility networks” (Morel-Balbi and Kirkley, 2024, https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033307).

MDL Network Backbones

Infer global and local backbones of a network using the minimum description length principle.
Utilizes method derived in “Fast nonparametric inference of network backbones for graph sparsification” (Kirkley, 2024, https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06417).

Partial Rankings

Infer partial rankings from pairwise interactions, paired comparisons are a standard method to infer a ranking between a series of players/actors. A shortcoming of many of these methods is that they lack mechanisms that allow for partial rankings –rankings where multiple nodes can have the same rank.
Utilizes method derived in “Learning when to rank: Estimation of partial rankings from sparse, noisy comparisons” (Morel-Balbi, Kirkley, 2025, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.02505).

Documentation

Detailed documentation for each module and function is available at the link below:

PANINIpy Documentation

Citation

If you use PANINIpy in your research or projects, please cite it as follows:

BibTeX Format

For BibTeX users, include the following entry in the bibliography file:

@article{Kirkley2024,
    doi = {10.21105/joss.07312},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.07312},
    year = {2024},
    publisher = {The Open Journal},
    volume = {9},
    number = {103},
    pages = {7312},
    author = {Alec Kirkley and Baiyue He},
    title = {PANINIpy: Package of Algorithms for Nonparametric Inference with Networks In Python},
    journal = {Journal of Open Source Software}
}

APA Format

For APA users, cite as:

Kirkley, A., & He, B. (2024). PANINIpy: Package of Algorithms for Nonparametric Inference with Networks In Python. Journal of Open Source Software, 9(103), 7312, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.07312

How to Cite

To reference PANINIpy, one can use either the BibTeX or APA format provided above. Please ensure that the citation includes the DOI and the link to the official article for clarity and accessibility.

For more details, visit the official article published in the Journal of Open Source Software.

License

Distributed under the MIT License. See LICENSE for more information.

Attribution

The logo for this package was enhanced using Stable Diffusion model, an AI-based generative model created by Robin Rombach, Patrick Esser and contributors.

The model is released under the CreativeML Open RAIL-M License. For more details on the model and its licensing, refer to the following:

• Stable Diffusion Project
• CreativeML Open RAIL-M License