passagemath-categories 10.8.5

passagemath: Sage categories and basic rings

passagemath is open source mathematical software in Python, released under the GNU General Public Licence GPLv2+.

It is a fork of SageMath, which has been developed 2005-2026 under the motto “Creating a Viable Open Source Alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, and MATLAB”.

The passagemath fork uses the motto “Creating a Free Passage Between the Scientific Python Ecosystem and Mathematical Software Communities.” It was created in October 2024 with the following goals:

• providing modularized installation with pip from binary wheels, - this major project was started in May 2020 in the Sage codebase and completed in passagemath 10.5.29 (May 2025),

• establishing first-class membership in the scientific Python ecosystem,

• giving clear attribution of upstream projects,

• providing independently usable Python interfaces to upstream libraries,

• offering platform portability and integration testing services to upstream projects,

• inviting collaborations with upstream projects,

• building a professional, respectful, inclusive community,

• empowering Sage users to participate in the scientific Python ecosystem by publishing packages,

• developing a port to WebAssembly (Pyodide, emscripten-forge) for serverless deployment with Javascript,

• developing a native Windows port - passagemath 10.6.1 (July 2025) published the first pip-installable wheel packages for native Windows on x86_64, - passagemath packages became available in the [MSYS2 software distribution](https://packages.msys2.org/search?t=pkg&q=passagemath) in November 2025.

Moreover, the passagemath project:

• provides a stable, frequently updated version of the Sage distribution,

• integrates additional mathematical software, notably Macaulay2, a full set of GAP packages, and the Combinatorial Matrix Recognition library,

• curates a library of Sage user packages.

Full documentation is available online.

passagemath attempts to support and provides binary wheels suitable for all major Linux distributions and recent versions of macOS.

Binary wheels for native Windows (x86_64, ARM) are are available for a subset of the passagemath distributions. Use of the full functionality of passagemath on Windows currently requires the use of Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) or virtualization.

The supported Python versions in the passagemath-10.8.x series are 3.11.x-3.14.x; the passagemath-10.6.x series (EOL 2026-10) still supports Python 3.10.x.

About this pip-installable distribution package

The pip-installable distribution package passagemath-categories is a distribution of a small part of the Sage Library.

It provides a small subset of the modules of the Sage library (“sagelib”, passagemath-standard) building on top of passagemath-objects (providing Sage objects, the element/parent framework, categories, the coercion system and the related metaclasses), making various additional categories available without introducing dependencies on additional mathematical libraries.

What is included

• Structure, Coercion framework, Base Classes, Metaclasses

• Categories and functorial constructions

• Sets

• Basic Combinatorial and Data Structures: Binary trees, Bitsets, Permutations, Combinations

• Basic Rings and Fields: Integers, Rationals, Double Precision Reals, Z/nZ

• Commutative Polynomials, Power Series and Laurent Series, Rational Function Fields

• Arithmetic Functions, Elementary and Special Functions as generic entry points

• Base classes for Groups, Rings, Finite Fields, Number Fields, Schemes

• Facilities for Parallel Computing, Formatted Output

Available in other distribution packages

• passagemath-combinat: Algebraic combinatorics, combinatorial representation theory

• passagemath-graphs: Graphs, posets, hypergraphs, designs, abstract complexes, combinatorial polyhedra, abelian sandpiles, quivers

• passagemath-groups: Groups, invariant theory

• passagemath-modules: Vectors, matrices, tensors, vector spaces, affine spaces, modules and algebras, additive groups, quadratic forms, root systems, homology, coding theory, matroids

• passagemath-plot: Plotting and graphics with Matplotlib, Three.JS, etc.

• passagemath-polyhedra: Convex polyhedra in arbitrary dimension, triangulations, polyhedral fans, lattice points, geometric complexes, hyperplane arrangements

• passagemath-repl: IPython REPL, the interactive language of Passagemath (preparser), interacts, development tools

• passagemath-schemes: Schemes, varieties, Groebner bases, elliptic curves, algebraic Riemann surfaces, modular forms, arithmetic dynamics

• passagemath-symbolics: Symbolic expressions, calculus, differentiable manifolds, asymptotics

Dependencies

When building from source, development packages of gmp, mpfr, and mpc are needed.