Penampakan

Penampakan is an async-first Python library that lets a text-only language model reason about static images. It turns results from replaceable vision backends into typed, attributable observations, then runs a bounded tool loop that requires the model to cite those observations in its answer.

The package can also be used without a language model for deterministic image inspection. Its built-in Pillow backend provides normalized metadata and dominant colors; optional adapters add Tesseract OCR and local Transformers captioning or detection.

Penampakan is currently alpha software.

Why Penampakan?

• Provider-neutral protocols for text LLMs and vision backends.
• Async clients and sessions, plus a blocking facade for synchronous programs.
• Immutable Pydantic contracts for assets, observations, evidence, and traces.
• Bounded tool, backend, LLM, image, and timeout budgets.
• Safe raster normalization with provenance for derived images.
• Evidence-grounded answers and redacted tracing by default.
• No generated Python or shell execution.

Installation

Penampakan requires Python 3.10 through 3.13.

python -m pip install penampakan

Optional integrations are installed separately:

python -m pip install 'penampakan[ocr]'
python -m pip install 'penampakan[transformers]'
python -m pip install 'penampakan[openai]'
python -m pip install 'penampakan[anthropic]'
python -m pip install 'penampakan[litellm]'
python -m pip install 'penampakan[providers]'

The OCR extra installs the Python adapter; the Tesseract executable must also be available on the system.

Provider packages stay optional. Every adapter class imports on a base install, so from penampakan.llms import OpenAITextLLM always succeeds; only constructing an adapter without its extra raises ConfigurationError(code="missing_optional_dependency").

Quick start

Inspect an image without configuring an LLM:

from penampakan import (
    ColorsRequest,
    InspectionOperation,
    InspectionPlan,
    MetadataRequest,
    Penampakan,
)

plan = InspectionPlan(
    operations=(
        InspectionOperation(request=MetadataRequest()),
        InspectionOperation(request=ColorsRequest(count=5)),
    ),
    include_available_overview=False,
)

with Penampakan() as vision:
    result = vision.inspect("photo.png", plan)

for observation in result.observations:
    print(observation.payload)

For evidence-grounded question answering, construct AsyncPenampakan or Penampakan with a TextLLM implementation and the vision backends needed for the task, then call ask(image, question). CallableTextLLM and CallableVisionBackend are available as adapters for application functions.

Provider adapters

OpenAITextLLM, AnthropicTextLLM, and LiteLLMTextLLM compile the library's action schema into a named, versioned provider subset, enforce one total request deadline across retries, and report refusal, truncation, retry exhaustion, and schema degradation as distinct redacted outcomes.

A caller-owned adapter stays open when the client closes, so nest the context managers:

import asyncio

from penampakan import AsyncPenampakan
from penampakan.llms import AnthropicTextLLM


async def main() -> None:
    async with AnthropicTextLLM(model="claude-opus-5") as llm:
        async with AsyncPenampakan(llm=llm) as vision:
            answer = await vision.ask("receipt.png", "What is the total?")
            print(answer.answer)


asyncio.run(main())

Hand ownership to the client instead when it should close the adapter for you:

async with AsyncPenampakan(llm=AnthropicTextLLM(model="claude-opus-5"), owns_llm=True) as vision:
    answer = await vision.ask("receipt.png", "What is the total?")

owns_policy does the same for a caller-supplied ActionPolicy. Both default to caller-owned, and no shared adapter or external SDK client is ever closed implicitly.

An adapter that constructs its own SDK client disables that client's native retries so provider attempts cannot multiply. When you inject a client and also configure RetryPolicy, disable its native retries yourself (max_retries=0).

A requested parameter the selected model does not support fails configuration instead of disappearing. OpenAI reasoning-family models reject temperature, so target them with the model's own sampling default rather than the library's deterministic one:

from penampakan import AsyncPenampakan
from penampakan.llms import OpenAITextLLM
from penampakan.reasoning.policy import JsonActionPolicy

policy = JsonActionPolicy(OpenAITextLLM(model="gpt-5"), temperature=1.0, owns_llm=True)
client = AsyncPenampakan(policy=policy, owns_policy=True)

Retry counts and token usage from every provider call appear in the run trace, so a retried call is visible in budgets and cost reports even though it consumes one orchestrator language-model reservation.

LiteLLMTextLLM requires an explicit opt-in before it will degrade:

from penampakan.llms import LiteLLMTextLLM

# Raises ConfigurationError(code="strict_schema_unavailable") when the model
# cannot enforce a schema.
strict = LiteLLMTextLLM(model="gpt-4o")

# Explicitly accepts JSON-only enforcement. Every run then carries exactly one
# WarningInfo(code="degraded_schema_enforcement"), and responses report
# schema_enforcement=SchemaEnforcement.JSON_ONLY.
degraded = LiteLLMTextLLM(model="some/older-model", allow_json_only=True)

Input images may be PNG, JPEG, or WebP paths, encoded bytes, binary streams, or Pillow images. Remote URLs are rejected by default. Images are orientation corrected, bounded by configurable limits, and normalized to canonical RGB or RGBA assets before a backend sees them.

Benchmark

The benchmark is at benchmarks/benchmark_metadata.py. It compares the latency of an end-to-end Penampakan metadata inspection with direct metadata decoding through Pillow, OpenCV, and ImageIO. The fixture is generated locally, competitors are run in rotating order over multiple rounds, and unavailable optional libraries are clearly reported as skipped. It also measures Penampakan's reusable-session workflow and executes representative normalization, safety, and attribution checks so the additional work in the end-to-end path remains visible.

Install the benchmark dependencies and run it from the repository root:

python -m pip install -e '.[benchmark]'
python benchmarks/benchmark_metadata.py

Use --help to change the image size, warmups, iterations, rounds, or output format. For example:

python benchmarks/benchmark_metadata.py --iterations 50 --rounds 7
python benchmarks/benchmark_metadata.py --reuse-count 50
python benchmarks/benchmark_metadata.py --format json
python benchmarks/benchmark_metadata.py --plot benchmarks/metadata_latency.png

Reference results captured on 10 August 2026 with Python 3.13.15 on x86-64 WSL2 (Linux 6.18.33.2, glibc 2.43) are shown below. The run used the default 640x480 RGBA PNG fixture (45,019 encoded bytes), 3 warmups, 20 iterations, and 5 rounds. The primary table is the one-shot end-to-end comparison.

The reusable workflow opens and normalizes one image, performs 20 typed metadata inspections, and then closes the session. Its median open latency was 18.114 ms, each warm inspection was 0.494 ms, and close latency was 0.096 ms. Including the open and close costs, that is 1.432 ms per inspection amortized, 13.16x faster than Penampakan's one-shot path. This is a Penampakan lifecycle measurement, not a ranking against the direct-library cases above.

The same run passed six executed contract checks:

• equivalent normalized metadata across PNG, JPEG, and WebP;
• EXIF orientation before reported dimensions;
• removal of opaque alpha while preserving real transparency;
• documented rejection of malformed and animated inputs;
• remote-source policy and input-byte bounds; and
• authoritative backend provenance with a completed redacted trace.

This is an overhead benchmark, not a capability or accuracy ranking. The Penampakan path performs bounded input handling, orientation and mode normalization, canonical encoding and hashing, typed result validation, routing, tracing, and session cleanup. The direct alternatives only decode the fixture and return equivalent dimensions and alpha metadata. Contract checks are reported separately from latency rankings. Compare results on the same machine and treat very short runs as smoke tests rather than stable measurements.

Development

python -m pip install -e '.[dev]'
ruff check .
ruff format --check .
mypy --strict src/penampakan
pytest -m 'not models and not ocr'

Penampakan is licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE.