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一个用于简化PostgreSQL数据库操作的Python工具包

Project description

PgSQL Utils

一个用于简化 PostgreSQL 数据库操作的 Python 工具包。

功能特点

  • 单例模式数据库连接管理,支持全局实例 db 直接使用
  • 支持多种配置方式(环境变量、配置文件、直接传参、模块设置)
  • 提供手动主键序列重置方法,避免主键冲突
  • 支持字典类型字段自动转换为 JSON 字符串
  • 提供多种便捷的数据操作方法:
    • find: 查询数据
    • add: 插入单条数据
    • add_batch: 批量插入数据,支持 upsert
    • add_smart: 智能插入(冲突时更新/upsert,支持多字段唯一约束)
    • update: 更新数据
    • delete: 删除数据
    • execute: 执行 SQL 语句
    • execute_query: 执行查询语句
    • execute_update: 执行更新语句
    • reset_table_sequence: 重置表主键序列
    • disconnect: 关闭数据库连接

安装

pip install pgsql-utils

如果安装失败,可以尝试使用以下方式安装:

pip install --index-url https://pypi.org/simple pgsql-utils -U

使用方法

  1. 基本使用

    from pgsql_utils import PostgreSQLUtils, db
    
    # 方式1: 直接传参
    db1 = PostgreSQLUtils("localhost", "mydb", "user", "password", 5432)
    
    # 方式2: 从环境变量读取配置
    # 需要设置环境变量: PGSQL_IP, PGSQL_DB, PGSQL_USER_NAME, PGSQL_USER_PASS, PGSQL_PORT
    db2 = PostgreSQLUtils()
    
    # 方式3: 从配置文件读取
    db3 = PostgreSQLUtils.from_config_file("config.json")
    
    # 方式4: 从设置模块读取
    import your_setting_module
    db4 = PostgreSQLUtils.from_settings(your_setting_module)
    
    # 方式5: 直接使用预定义的全局实例(需先配置环境变量)
    from pgsql_utils import db
    
  2. 查询数据

    # 查询数据并以字典形式返回
    results = db.find("SELECT * FROM news_table WHERE category_id = %s", True, 1)
    for result in results:
        print(result)
    
  3. 插入数据

    # 插入单条数据
    data = {
        "title": "新闻标题",
        "content": "新闻内容",
        "publish_time": "2023-01-01 12:00:00",
    }
    db.add("news_table", data)
    
    # 批量插入数据
    data_list = [
        {"title": "新闻1", "content": "内容1"},
        {"title": "新闻2", "content": "内容2"},
    ]
    db.add_batch("news_table", data_list)
    
    # 批量 upsert(冲突时更新,conflict_key 支持单字段或多字段唯一约束)
    db.add_batch("news_table", data_list, conflict_key="title")
    db.add_batch("news_table", data_list, conflict_key=["title", "publish_time"])
    
  4. 智能插入(重复则更新/upsert)

    • 支持主键或任意唯一索引冲突时自动更新。
    • conflict_key 支持字符串或字符串列表。
    • 可通过 primary_key 指定主键字段(默认 id)。
    # 唯一索引是主键 id(默认)
    data = {"id": 1, "title": "更新的标题", "content": "更新的内容"}
    db.add_smart("news_table", data)
    
    # 唯一索引不是 id,是单个字段
    data = {"id": 1, "title": "更新的标题", "content": "更新的内容", "title_id": "248237"}
    db.add_smart("news_table", data, conflict_key="title_id")
    
    # 唯一索引是多个字段
    data = {
        "event_id": 248237,
        "event_time": "2025-07-30 21:45:00",
        "country": "CAD",
        "importance": 0,
        "event_content": "BoC货币政策报告",
        "data_source": "mql5",
        "locale": "zh_CN",
    }
    conflict_key = ["event_id", "data_source", "locale"]
    db.add_smart("event_table", data, conflict_key=conflict_key)
    
  5. 更新和删除数据

    # 更新数据
    db.update("news_table", {"title": "新标题"}, "id = %s", (1,))
    
    # 删除数据
    db.delete("news_table", "id = %s", (1,))
    
  6. 重置表主键序列

    在“全表清空/TRUNCATE/批量导入后”手动重置

    # 重置表的主键序列
    db.reset_table_sequence("news_table")
    # 指定主键名
    db.reset_table_sequence("news_table", primary_key="custom_id")
    
  7. 关闭数据库连接

    db.disconnect()
    

配置

  • 环境变量配置

    # Windows 下设置环境变量(命令行窗口输入)
    set PGSQL_IP=localhost
    set PGSQL_DB=your_database
    set PGSQL_USER_NAME=your_username
    set PGSQL_USER_PASS=your_password
    set PGSQL_PORT=5432
    
    # Windows 下设置环境变量(PowerShell窗口输入)
    $env:PGSQL_IP=localhost
    $env:PGSQL_DB=your_database
    $env:PGSQL_USER_NAME=your_username
    $env:PGSQL_USER_PASS=your_password
    $env:PGSQL_PORT=5432
    
    # Linux/macOS 下设置环境变量(终端输入)
    export PGSQL_IP=localhost
    export PGSQL_DB=your_database
    export PGSQL_USER_NAME=your_username
    export PGSQL_USER_PASS=your_password
    export PGSQL_PORT=5432
    
  • JSON 配置文件示例

    {
        "host": "localhost",
        "database": "your_database",
        "user": "your_username",
        "password": "your_password",
        "port": 5432
    }
    
  • 设置模块文件示例

    # PostgreSQL
    PGSQL_IP = "localhost"
    PGSQL_PORT = 5432
    PGSQL_DB = "your_database"
    PGSQL_USER_NAME = "your_username"
    PGSQL_USER_PASS = "your_password"
    

常见问题

  • 自增主键(ID)不连续?
    • PostgreSQL 设计如此,序列自增不保证连续,只保证唯一和递增。
    • 建议:在“全表清空/TRUNCATE/批量导入后”手动重置一次即可。
      from pgsql_utils import db
      # 假设你的表名为 news,主键为 id
      db.reset_table_sequence("news", "id")
      

依赖

  • psycopg2>=2.9.10
  • colorPrintConsole>=1.0.7

许可证

Apache-2.0 License

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