placeholder 0.6

A placeholder uses operator overloading to create partially bound functions on-the-fly. When used in a binary expression, it will return a callable object with the other argument bound. It’s useful for replacing lambda in functional programming, and resembles Scala’s placeholders.

Usage

from placeholder import _     # single underscore

_.age < 18     # lambda person: person.age < 18
_[key] ** 2    # lambda data: data[key] ** 2

_ is a singleton of an F class, and F expressions can also be used with functions.

from placeholder import F

-F(len)        # lambda obj: -len(obj)

All applicable double underscore methods are supported. See tests for more example usage.

Performance

Every effort is made to optimize the placeholder instance. It’s 20-40x faster than similar libraries on PyPI.

However, there is overhead (in CPython) in making an object callable. Therefore a lower-level placeholder __ is also exposed; it returns builtins which can’t be composed any further.

from placeholder import __    # double underscore

__.age         # operator.attrgetter('age')
__[key]        # operator.itemgetter(key)
__ + 1         # (1).__radd__

__ should generally be faster than even inlined code. Whereas _ will likely be slightly slower than inlined code, but faster than a lambda. Below are some example benchmarks comparing map to an inlined generator expression.

any(map(__ > 0, data))           # 3.92 ms
any(x > 0 for x in data)         # 5.6 ms
any(map(_ > 0, data))            # 6.81 ms
any(map(lambda x: x > 0, data))  # 9.17 ms

Installation

$ pip install placeholder

Dependencies

Python 2.7 or 3.3+.

Tests

100% branch coverage.

$ pytest [--cov]

Changes

0.6

• Optimized composite functions
• Renamed to _ (single underscore) for consistency

0.5

• Unary operators
• __call__ implements methodcaller
• __getitem__ supports only single argument
• Improved error handling
• composer object deprecated in favor of optimized F expression