PlantDesign Toolkit

공장설계·공정 계산을 위한 Python / HTTP API — version 0.11.0

PlantDesign Toolkit is a research-alpha collection of 67 explicit calculation methods for process plant design, equipment screening, techno-economic assessment and environmental accounting. Calculators can run independently, or exchange versioned values through a persisted calculation graph. The package includes Python APIs, a CLI, a local JSON HTTP server, SQLite persistence and an optional DWSIM bridge. There is no application web UI.

모듈의 목적·필수/선택 입력·단위·입력 예제·출력 파라미터를 이 README 아래에 모두 공개합니다. The tables are visible in the README, rather than confined to another document or a collapsed section. Nested example structures are shown as complete JSON inputs; complete structured output examples are linked beside each method.

Distribution	Location
Source / issues	https://github.com/lyullee/plantdesign-toolkit
PyPI package name	plantdesign-toolkit
Python import	plantdesign
Command	plantdesign
License	GPL-3.0-only; retain upstream notices for bundled DWSIM-derived models
Status	Research alpha / preliminary design, with bounded software and balance verification

Start with a single calculation

Requires Python 3.11 or later. The ordinary calculators have no third-party runtime dependency. DWSIM execution is optional and requires a separately installed engine and compatible Python.NET environment.

python -m pip install plantdesign-toolkit

from plantdesign import sdk

spec = sdk.describe("pump.size")
print(spec["required_inputs"])
print(spec["input_contract"], spec["output_contract"])

inputs = sdk.example("pump.size")  # independent, explicitly assumed example
inputs["volume_flow"] = {"value": 36, "unit": "m3/h"}
result = sdk.calculate("pump.size", inputs)
print(result["values"]["electric_power"], result["units"]["electric_power"])
print(result["assumptions"], result["warnings"], result["checks"])

sdk.calculate() is a pure calculation interface: it does not open a database or start a server. Invalid inputs raise plantdesign.errors.DesignError. Catch DesignError when integrating with another application. Unknown methods raise NotFound, a domain error. Do not interpret a nonempty result as approval of a plant design.

from plantdesign.errors import DesignError
try:
    result = sdk.calculate("pump.size", inputs)
except DesignError as error:
    print(error.as_dict())

What is an input or output?

• Method slug: the stable identifier, for example thermal.exchanger_rating.
• Quantity: either { "value": 3, "unit": "bar" } or a number in the method's documented SI convention. Supplying units explicitly is recommended at application boundaries. Absolute pressure and pressure difference are distinct dimensions; gauge conversions need an atmospheric reference.
• Fractions: decimal 0–1, or an accepted quantity such as { "value": 72, "unit": "%" }. Each method may impose a stricter bound, such as positive efficiency.
• Money: currency is explicit in the input context. A money object must use the exact declared unit, such as USD, USD/kg or USD/year. No implicit exchange rate or current price lookup is performed.
• Nested inputs: arrays and dictionaries represent streams, equipment, cost items, scenarios, distributions and coefficients. The complete assumed example below each method shows the field names and structure. Required conditional inputs still apply even when a registry entry labels the top-level key optional.
• Result: values contains numbers, nested records, flags or null; units contains their reported units. normalized_inputs and input_units describe the SI interpretation. assumptions, warnings, checks, method and verification_status carry interpretation and provenance.
• Conditional outputs: a quantity that is undefined, indeterminate or inapplicable can be null. For example, a product-normalized intensity is undefined when production is zero; a unique IRR is not selected for an ambiguous cash flow. Full examples are representative outputs, not an exhaustive schema for every branch.

The bundled prices, heat-transfer coefficients, kinetics, property tables, emission factors, correlations and distributions are assumed examples, not vendor guarantees, current market data or official regional factors. Replace both the value and its source/date/boundary before assessing a real case. No textbook lookup tables are distributed.

Discover the modules

from plantdesign import sdk
all_methods = sdk.methods()
pump_methods = sdk.methods("E02")
catalog = sdk.catalog()  # 44 organizing families; 67 actual calculation methods
spec = sdk.describe("assessment.process")

The 44 family IDs organize the design domain; they are not 44 additional calculators. Some families are implemented through DB, provenance, connections or reporting services. A family being mapped to code does not mean every equation, operating regime or regulatory requirement in a reference work is implemented. See source coverage and remaining work.

Store calculations in SQLite

from plantdesign import sdk
service = sdk.open_service("data/example.sqlite3")
run = service.calculate("pump.size", sdk.example("pump.size"))
saved = service.get_resource("runs", run["id"])
print(saved["status"], saved["result"])

The DB is a separate SQLite file, not data embedded in Python code. open_service() explicitly creates/initializes it. The schema version is 3. A separate DBMS server is not required. Persisted calculations store failed runs as well as successful ones; inspect status and error. Project and case IDs are optional for standalone calculations and required by project-specific integration workflows.

DB resources include projects, cases, chemicals, properties, equipment, streams, connections, reference-data, runs, workflows, plans, plan-runs, plan-batches, design-packages, documents and audit records. Updates use a revision number. A stale competing update returns a conflict rather than silently replacing a newer record. See architecture and data contracts.

Connect calculations and compare scenarios

import json
from pathlib import Path
from plantdesign import sdk
from plantdesign.integration import IntegrationService

service = sdk.open_service("data/example.sqlite3")
integration = IntegrationService(service)
blueprint = json.loads(Path("examples/integrated_project.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
created = integration.import_blueprint(blueprint)
baseline = integration.run(created["plan_id"], {})
reused = integration.run(created["plan_id"], {})
batch = integration.scenarios(created["plan_id"], {
    "scenarios": [
        {"name": "baseline", "parameters": {}},
        {"name": "head margin 20%", "parameters": {"head_margin": 0.2}}
    ]
})
print(baseline["status"], reused["summary"], batch["status"])

This example uses the repository's examples/ directory. An installed package also exposes the bundled blueprint in api_examples.json or through GET /api/examples/integrated. The integration graph supports up to 128 steps and 50 selected outputs. $ref connects a preceding result, $param binds a plan parameter, and $reference binds versioned reference data. The all-method example exercises 67 methods; it is a software coverage fixture, not a claim that all 67 form one physically solved process.

Reuse checks case, method/version, normalized inputs, data revisions, fingerprints and stored result hashes. A reused computation still produces an identifiable run record and lineage. A parameter change recomputes affected downstream steps. Different software versions are not silently treated as the same calculation. See reproduction and recovery.

CLI

plantdesign --version
plantdesign methods
plantdesign describe pump.size
plantdesign example pump.size
plantdesign catalog
plantdesign --db data/example.sqlite3 calculate pump.size --input examples/pump.json
plantdesign --db data/example.sqlite3 design import --input examples/integrated_project.json

describe, example and catalog do not initialize a DB. Other commands use the selected DB. python -m plantdesign is equivalent to the installed entry point. Windows source checkouts can also use run.ps1 and start-api.ps1; PLANTDESIGN_PYTHON can select the interpreter. The CLI returns 0 for success, 2 for calculation/input/partial-run failure, and 1 for storage or file-input errors.

Local HTTP API

plantdesign --db data/example.sqlite3 serve --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8765

Request	Purpose / input
GET /, /health	JSON discovery and version
GET /api/catalog	Module families, method contracts and examples
GET /api/methods, /api/methods/{slug}	Method metadata; individual method also includes input/output contracts
GET /api/modules, /api/source-coverage	Organizing families and implemented/remaining scope
GET /api/samples/{slug}	Assumed input for a method
GET /api/examples/integrated, /api/examples/scenarios	Integration request examples
POST /api/calculations	{method, inputs, case_id?}
POST /api/workflows	Connected calculation graph
POST /api/workspaces	{name, case_name} atomic project/case creation
POST /api/workspaces/quick	{} create/reuse a standalone calculation workspace
POST /api/design/import	Import project, references and plan blueprint
POST /api/plans/{id}/preview	Preview parameter changes
POST /api/plans/{id}/run	{parameters?, force?, previous_run_id?, expected_revision?}
POST /api/plans/{id}/scenarios	{parameters?, scenarios:[{name,parameters}]}
POST /api/plans/{id}/compare	{run_ids, metrics?}
GET /api/{resource}, /api/{resource}/{id}	Filtered/paged list or stored record
POST /api/{resource}	Create a supported resource
PATCH /api/{resource}/{id}	Revision-checked update
GET /api/runs/{id}/report, /api/workflows/{id}/report, /api/plan-runs/{id}/report	HTML calculation artifact
POST /api/plan-runs/{id}/package	{output_root?} create a report package
GET /api/plan-runs/{id}/package-download	Download a previously created, hash-checked ZIP

POST/PATCH require Content-Type: application/json. The body limit is 1 MiB and JSON container nesting is limited to 128 levels. Truncated bodies, duplicate keys, nonfinite JSON numbers and malformed JSON are rejected. Successful calculations return 201; failed or partially completed executions return 422 with their recorded status. Other request errors return a JSON error. The local server has no user authentication or authorization layer and is intended for the documented localhost use case. HTML reports are generated outputs, not an application UI.

Optional DWSIM connection

The pure calculators do not import DWSIM. The bridge runs a separately installed engine in a worker process. Configure DWSIM_BIN, PLANTDESIGN_DWSIM_PYTHON and, if needed, PLANTDESIGN_DWSIM_RUNTIME. Installing the dwsim extra installs Python.NET, not the DWSIM engine. The recorded native-engine tests used DWSIM 9.0.5 on Windows; other engine versions/platforms need their own compatibility verification.

Request	Purpose
GET /api/dwsim/status, POST /api/dwsim/probe with {}	Installation / actual worker probe
GET /api/dwsim/presets	Pump, heat exchanger, distillation/separation and integrated-process definitions
POST /api/dwsim/studies	{case_id,preset_id,scenarios?}; 202 background submission
GET /api/dwsim/studies/{id}	Status, scenario results, snapshots and topology
GET /api/dwsim/studies?case_id={id}	Study history
POST /api/dwsim/studies/{id}/plan	{index} bind a successful scenario to a downstream plan
GET /api/dwsim/assessment-basis	Assumed economic/environmental basis
POST /api/dwsim/studies/{id}/assessment	{basis} compare successful native scenarios
GET /api/dwsim/assessment-risk	Assumed uncertainty settings
POST /api/dwsim/studies/{id}/risk	{basis,uncertainty_options} correlated uncertainty comparison

The integrated native example connects a pump, two-fluid preheater, pressure valves, an eight-stage methanol/water column and a vapor/liquid separator. Its 18 objects and 17 connections are explicit; hot-water utility boundaries are included. It uses a Raoult ideal-mixture basis at an assumed 36 mol% methanol feed. It is not a validated real plant. Native solver completion is checked independently against mass, component and equipment energy balances, with a 1e-5 relative balance threshold for the recorded example.

assessment.process uses immutable successful native snapshots for equipment-cost scaling, CAPEX/OPEX, sales, taxes/cash flows, NPV/IRR and disposition-based environmental inventory. assessment.risk changes prices and emission factors at fixed process quantities using common seeded draws. It does not re-solve the physical plant per random draw. A heat-recovery target is never automatically subtracted from a solved native duty. See DWSIM model provenance.

Verification, history and resuming work

python -m unittest discover -s tests -t .
python tools/verify.py --label public_release
python tools/verify_installed_package.py --label installed_public_release
python tools/verify_physics.py --label public_physics

Use a new output label for each acceptance run. The six verification phases are input validation, hand-checkable formulas, extreme/boundary values, module connections, regression and end-to-end execution. Historical 0.10.1 verification passed 362 tests; that count is historical, not an automatic guarantee for a later revision. Current release evidence and exact counts are recorded in verification.

• Development history: stages, architectural decisions, detected failures, corrections and evidence locations.
• Architecture: calculator/SDK/API/DB/DAG/native-worker boundaries and data flow.
• Reproduction and continuation: clean installation, rerun order, caches, DB copies and failure recovery.
• Verification evidence and limits: distinguish fixtures, independent formulas, installed-package checks, native solves and physical balance checks.
• Roadmap: missing detail and data needed for economic/environmental improvements.
• Third-party notices: DWSIM-derived models and source bibliography.
• Publication review: excluded source material and release audit procedure.

Copyright, attribution and scope

Original prose, PDF pages, extracted textbook text, scanned diagrams, proprietary lookup tables, the external DWSIM installation, local databases and session logs are not part of the public source allowlist. Bibliographic references identify the engineering background without redistributing the books. Code comments explain the model and equations in independently written language. Required open-source license text and attribution remain intact; those notices must not be removed as "duplicate sentences".

Project code is distributed under GPL-3.0-only for a conservative, compatible public distribution with the GPLv3 DWSIM-derived examples. This is not an official DWSIM or textbook-author product. Software checks do not establish code certification, design approval, environmental permitting, investment approval or site validation. The remaining limitations are recorded per method rather than hidden behind a single global status label.

Contributing and citation

Report a reproducible issue with method slug, version, minimal input, explicit units, expected result and the calculation's assumptions. Use fabricated or shareable data in public issues. A method change should update equations, input/output contracts, assumed examples and the appropriate independent verification. See CONTRIBUTING and CITATION.cff. DOI/archive links are added only after the corresponding publication is confirmed; no unissued DOI is claimed.

The parameter reference below is generated by python tools/build_public_docs.py from registry contracts and executed assumed examples. The generator template is docs/README_GUIDE.md. Do not edit generated tables without updating the generator or model metadata.

All 67 calculation methods at a glance

Method	Purpose / model
units.convert	단위변환 — 같은 차원의 단위변환; 게이지압은 기준 대기압 필요
balance.mix	질량기준 혼합 — 비반응 정상 혼합; streams=[{name,mass_flow,composition}]
balance.split	질량기준 분할 — splits=[{name,fraction}]; 성분 선택성이 없는 분할
balance.reaction	전환율 기준 단일 반응 — 반응물 계수 음수·생성물 양수; 분자량 기준 질량수지 검사
thermal.duty	현열·잠열 부하 — 제공된 평균 비열·잠열 기반; 양의 부하는 열 투입
thermal.circulation	폐회로 순환계 열수지 — 일정 물성 액체 폐회로, 축동력 전량 소산·모터손실 외기 방출의 등가 모델
hydraulics.pipe	배관 압력손실 — volume_flow/mass_flow 중 하나 필수; 정상 단상 비압축성 Newtonian 유체; 천이영역 제외
pump.size	펌프 양정·동력 — 지정 효율의 예비 선정; NPSH는 흡입 플랜지 정압 기준
tank.size	수직 원통 탱크 용량 — 직접 요구체적 또는 유량*저장시간 입력; 원통부 용량
thermal.exchanger	열교환기 LMTD 기본설계 — 지정 열부하·온도·유효 U 사용; 단상 기본설계
utilities.demand	유틸리티 소요량 — 가열부하가 있으면 스팀 엔탈피 차이, 냉각부하가 있으면 냉각수 비열·온도상승 필수
cost.equipment	장치 구매비·보정 — 사용자 제공 기준비용·지수; 통화 변경은 환율 필수, 날짜 변경은 비용지수 필수
cost.capex	설치비·총투자비 — 설치계수에 구매비 포함; 간접비·OSBL·예비비 별도 집계
cost.opex	운영비·단위 제조원가 — items=[{name,category,annual_quantity,quantity_unit,unit_price,currency?}]
phase.flash	지정 K값 기액 플래시 — Rachford-Rice·2상/단일상 판정; K≈1에서는 기화율 미결정 반환
batch.capacity	배치 사이클·생산능력 — 독립 병렬 용기·순차 레시피·완성 배치 기준
gas.compressor	이상기체 다단 압축기 — 일정 cp·gamma, 동일 단별 압력비, 완전 중간냉각 선택
gas.blower	저압 송풍기 — ΔP/P<=0.1, 입구 실제 체적유량
valve.liquid	비초크 액체 조절밸브 — 난류·비초크·Fp=1; FL 제공, 플래싱/초크는 거부
thermal.phase_change	응축기·리보일러·증발기 — mass_flow 또는 molar_flow+molecular_weight; 상변화측 등온
mixing.power	교반 동력·토크 — 단일 임펠러, Re<=10 또는 Re>=10000; 제공된 계수
distillation.binary	이성분 증류 단수·환류비 — 이상계·일정 상대휘발도·포화액 feed(q=1), McCabe-Thiele 단수
column.hydraulics	트레이·충전탑 예비 수력학 — 제공된 용량계수·압력손실 성능자료; 상세 내부구조 검토는 별도
separation.stages	흡수·스트리핑·추출 평형단 — Kremser, 선형 평형·신선 상대상·희석 용질<=0.1
separation.packed_height	HTU/NTU 충전높이 — 선형 구동력 변화·제공된 총괄 HTU
solids.handling	분체 저장·벨트 이송 — 벌크용량·수평/상향 벨트 예비 용량·동력
solids.screen	분급 회수율·물질수지 — 미립/조립 2성분군, 제공된 회수율
solids.grind	Bond 분쇄 동력 — 시험 일지수와 80% 통과입도, 원식 입도 um
solids.settling	Stokes 침강·면적 — 희석 구형 입자 Re_p<=0.1
solids.centrifuge	Sigma 원심분리 용량 — 제공된 등가 Sigma 면적·효율, Stokes 입자
solids.filter	정압 케이크 여과 — 비압축성 케이크, 초기 케이크 0; 면적 또는 시간 산정
solids.cyclone	Lapple 사이클론 예비 성능 — 제공된 유효 회전수·손실계수, 단일 입경 효율
solids.dryer	건조기 수지·열부하·면적 — 습량기준 수분·수분수지 공기량; 제공 건조속도로 면적 산정
economics.project	현금흐름·NPV·IRR·회수기간 — 연말 현금흐름·정액 감가상각·제공 세율·균등 원리금; 비전형 현금흐름 IRR 미선택
economics.sensitivity	시나리오·민감도·손익분기 — OAT 절대 시나리오, project NPV 기준 비교; 확률분석 별도
materials.select	재질·균일 부식 검토 — 제공된 매질·온도·농도·부식률 데이터 범위 내 선별
controls.review	계기·제어루프·알람·인터록 초안 — 제공된 태그·범위·설정값·동작의 일관성 검토, 독립 단순 루프
thermal.pinch	핀치·복합곡선·최소 유틸리티 — 일정 CP 현열 스트림 열 캐스케이드
process.routes	공정경로·입지 대안·Pareto 비교 — 지정 대안·제약·정규화 가중 점수
vessel.preliminary	내압 용기 동체·헤드·중량 예비 계산 — 원통·2:1 타원 헤드; 코드 인증 아님
reactor.ideal	등온 CSTR·PFR·배치 반응기 — 일정 밀도·단일 power-law 반응
separator.gravity	기액·액액 중력 분리조 — 지정 액적/계수·비포밍 예비 설계
separation.adsorption	흡착 작업용량·베드 — 단일 성분 Langmuir·지정 이용률
separation.membrane	막분리 투과량·면적·물질수지 — 지정 투과도·배제율 일정
separation.ion_exchange	이온교환 수지·재생량 — 지정 등가 작업용량
separation.crystallization	결정화·침전 평형 수지 — 무수 결정·용매 증발·평형 용해도
design.optimize	제약조건 단일변수 설계 탐색 — 2~200점 유계 격자 탐색; 연속 최적성 보장 없음
economics.uncertainty	경제성 Monte Carlo 불확실성 — 독립 일양·삼각 분포, 2000회 이하
safety.hazop_fmea	HAZOP·FMEA·조치 검토 기록 — 사용자 위험 기록·담당·종결 근거; 자동 안전 승인 아님
safety.relief	단상 방출 오리피스 예비 면적 — 기체/비압축성 액체; 인증 용량·규격 적합 판정 아님
environment.inventory	온실가스·폐수·폐기물·용수 부하 — 명시 경계·출처별 활동량; 전과정 LCA·허가 판정 별도
layout.review	2D 배치·이격·배관거리 검토 — 제공 설치 경계·이격 근거; 3D·법규 자동 판단 아님
properties.interpolate	온도별 사용자 물성 보간 — 구간 선형 보간·범위 외 거부
pump.operating_point	제조사 곡선·시스템 운전점 — 단조 Q-H 곡선 구간 보간·범위 내 교점
utilities.inventory	전력·스팀·질소·공기 등 집계 — 유틸리티·차원별 소요량 합산
hydraulics.economic	경제 관경 대안 비교 — 동일 유량 후보 설치비+압손 전력비
assessment.process	공정 연계 경제성·환경성 종합 평가 — 명시 견적·단가·처분·배출계수·경계; 가정 예비 평가
balance.recycle	전환·회수·퍼지 재순환 수지 — 단일 반응물 선형 정상 재순환 고정점
environment.treatment	대기·폐수·폐기물 처리단계 부하 비교 — 제공 물질별 제거율·직렬 처리 단계; 제거=소멸 아님
environment.receiving_water	방류 수질·열오염 완전혼합 수지 — 단순 완전혼합·열부하; 방류 허가 모델 아님
environment.noise	복수 음원 예비 소음 합산 — 독립 점음원 자유음장·지정 감쇠; 법적 적합 판정 별도
environment.impacts	인벤토리 영향범주 특성화 — 사용자 방법/연도별 특성화계수·범주별 합산; LCA 인증 아님
thermal.pinch_segmented	잠열·구간 CP 핀치 분석 — 구간별 CP·등온 잠열 이벤트 캐스케이드; 열교환망 상세 합성 별도
thermal.exchanger_rating	오염저항·ε-NTU 출구온도 성능평가 — 향류/병류 일정 CP 두 유체; 출구 온도·부하·엔트로피
reactor.nonisothermal	비등온 PFR·배치 반응·냉각 연성 — 단일 power-law·Arrhenius·일정 밀도/CP·적응 RK4; 강성 다중반응 제외
design.multivariable	다변수 제약 조합 탐색 — 1~4변수·2500개 유한 조합 내 최선; 연속 전역 최적성 보장 없음
assessment.risk	상관 단가·배출계수 경제환경 불확실성 — 고정 공정량·Gaussian copula·일양/삼각 분포; 20~500표본

Complete module input and output reference

01. units.convert — 단위변환

Purpose / operating model: 같은 차원의 단위변환; 게이지압은 기준 대기압 필요

Equations / algorithm: SI 선형·온도 오프셋 변환

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
value	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Value
source_unit	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Source unit
target_unit	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Target unit
atmospheric_pressure	optional / conditional	raw	declared in object / not applicable	Atmospheric pressure

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "source_unit": "m",
  "target_unit": "mm",
  "value": 1
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
converted_value	number	mm	Converted value

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: registry.py.

Example assumptions: Explicit assumed example; the input and unit contract still applies.

02. balance.mix — 질량기준 혼합

Purpose / operating model: 비반응 정상 혼합; streams=[{name,mass_flow,composition}]

Equations / algorithm: 성분별 질량 보존

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
streams	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Streams

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "streams": [
    {
      "composition": {
        "A": 0.8,
        "B": 0.2
      },
      "mass_flow": {
        "unit": "kg/h",
        "value": 1000
      },
      "name": "원료 1"
    },
    {
      "composition": {
        "A": 0.1,
        "B": 0.9
      },
      "mass_flow": {
        "unit": "kg/h",
        "value": 500
      },
      "name": "원료 2"
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
mass_flow	number	kg/s	Mass flow
component_mass_flows	object	kg/s	Component mass flows
composition	object	mass_fraction	Composition
mass_balance_residual	number	kg/s	Mass balance residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.balance.

Example assumptions: 정상상태·비반응 혼합; 조성은 질량분율; 온도·엔탈피 혼합은 별도 열수지 필요

03. balance.split — 질량기준 분할

Purpose / operating model: splits=[{name,fraction}]; 성분 선택성이 없는 분할

Equations / algorithm: 분할비 합=1

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
stream	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Stream
splits	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Splits

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "splits": [
    {
      "fraction": 0.3,
      "name": "a"
    },
    {
      "fraction": 0.7,
      "name": "b"
    }
  ],
  "stream": {
    "composition": {
      "A": 1
    },
    "mass_flow": 10
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
outlets	array	nested structure / not applicable	Outlets
mass_balance_residual	number	kg/s	Mass balance residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.balance.

Example assumptions: 성분별 선택성이 없는 단순 분할

04. balance.reaction — 전환율 기준 단일 반응

Purpose / operating model: 반응물 계수 음수·생성물 양수; 분자량 기준 질량수지 검사

Equations / algorithm: n_out=n_in+nu*extent

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
component_molar_flows	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Component molar flows
stoichiometry	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Stoichiometry
molecular_weights	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Molecular weights
key_reactant	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Key reactant
conversion	yes	number	1	Conversion; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "component_molar_flows": {
    "H2": 2,
    "O2": 1
  },
  "conversion": 0.5,
  "key_reactant": "H2",
  "molecular_weights": {
    "H2": 0.002,
    "H2O": 0.018,
    "O2": 0.032
  },
  "stoichiometry": {
    "H2": -2,
    "H2O": 2,
    "O2": -1
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
reaction_extent	number	mol/s	Reaction extent
component_molar_flows	object	mol/s	Component molar flows
component_mass_flows	object	kg/s	Component mass flows
mass_flow	number	kg/s	Mass flow
composition	object	mass_fraction	Composition
mass_balance_residual	number	kg/s	Mass balance residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.balance.

Example assumptions: 단일 반응의 지정 전환율 모델; 화학양론 계수는 반응물 음수·생성물 양수; 반응속도·평형·열수지는 별도

05. thermal.duty — 현열·잠열 부하

Purpose / operating model: 제공된 평균 비열·잠열 기반; 양의 부하는 열 투입

Equations / algorithm: Q=m*Cp*(Tout-Tin)+m*latent*fraction+additional

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Heat capacity; heat_capacity
inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Inlet temperature; temperature
outlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Outlet temperature; temperature
latent_heat	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/kg	Latent heat; specific_energy
phase_change_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Phase change fraction
additional_heat_duty	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Additional heat duty; power

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "heat_capacity": {
    "unit": "kJ/(kg*K)",
    "value": 4.2
  },
  "inlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 20
  },
  "mass_flow": {
    "unit": "kg/s",
    "value": 5
  },
  "outlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 40
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
sensible_heat_duty	number	W	Sensible heat duty
latent_heat_duty	number	W	Latent heat duty
total_heat_duty	number	W	Total heat duty
heating_duty	number	W	Heating duty
cooling_duty	integer	W	Cooling duty

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.thermal.

Example assumptions: 제공된 평균 비열 및 잠열 사용; 양의 열부하는 유체에 가하는 열; 반응열 등은 부호를 정의한 additional_heat_duty로 입력

06. thermal.circulation — 폐회로 순환계 열수지

Purpose / operating model: 일정 물성 액체 폐회로, 축동력 전량 소산·모터손실 외기 방출의 등가 모델

Equations / algorithm: Qcool=Qheat+Pshaft; Tcool_in=Theated+Pshaft/(m*Cp); Qheat+Pelectric=Qcool+Qmotor

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Heat capacity; heat_capacity
return_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Return temperature; temperature
heated_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Heated temperature; temperature
pump_shaft_power	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Pump shaft power; power
hot_water_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Hot water mass flow; mass_flow
hot_water_heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Hot water heat capacity; heat_capacity
hot_water_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Hot water inlet temperature; temperature
cooling_water_heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Cooling water heat capacity; heat_capacity
cooling_water_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Cooling water inlet temperature; temperature
cooling_water_outlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Cooling water outlet temperature; temperature
steam_condensing_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Steam condensing temperature; temperature
assumption_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Assumption source
pump_electric_power	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Pump electric power; power

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "assumption_source": "설명용 가정값; 실측 물성·업체 견적 아님",
  "cooling_water_heat_capacity": 4200,
  "cooling_water_inlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 10
  },
  "cooling_water_outlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 15
  },
  "heat_capacity": 4200,
  "heated_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 40
  },
  "hot_water_heat_capacity": 4200,
  "hot_water_inlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 90
  },
  "hot_water_mass_flow": 10,
  "mass_flow": 10,
  "pump_electric_power": 1200,
  "pump_shaft_power": 1000,
  "return_temperature": 293.15,
  "steam_condensing_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 120
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
heating_duty	number	W	Heating duty
cooling_duty	number	W	Cooling duty
pump_heat_to_loop	number	W	Pump heat to loop
motor_heat_to_ambient	number	W	Motor heat to ambient
cooler_inlet_temperature	number	K	Cooler inlet temperature
return_temperature	number	K	Return temperature
hot_water_outlet_temperature	number	K	Hot water outlet temperature
cooling_water_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Cooling water mass flow
cooling_water_temperature_rise	number	delta_K	Cooling water temperature rise
loop_energy_residual	number	W	Loop energy residual
total_energy_residual	number	W	Total energy residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.thermal.

Example assumptions: 가정 출처: 설명용 가정값; 실측 물성·업체 견적 아님; 일정 비열·정상상태·비압축성 액체; 순환 질량 유출입 없음; 펌프 축동력 전부가 펌프 내부·배관·조절밸브에서 유체 열로 소산; 모터 손실은 외기로 방출; 기계적 소산을 가열기 이후 냉각기 이전에 집중시킨 등가 모델; cooler_inlet_temperature는 혼합된 열적 등가 온도; 배관 외부 열손실 0; 열교환기 압력손실은 사용자 입력 배관 등가 저항에 포함; 스팀은 별도 2차 온수 공급기를 가열; 냉각수는 외부 공급, 공급원 냉동기·펌프 동력은 경계 밖

07. hydraulics.pipe — 배관 압력손실

Purpose / operating model: volume_flow/mass_flow 중 하나 필수; 정상 단상 비압축성 Newtonian 유체; 천이영역 제외

Equations / algorithm: Darcy-Weisbach; Colebrook; laminar f=64/Re

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
viscosity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa*s	Viscosity; viscosity
internal_diameter	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Internal diameter; length
length	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Length; length
volume_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
mass_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
roughness	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Roughness; length
minor_loss_coefficient	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Minor loss coefficient
fittings	optional / conditional	array	declared in object / not applicable	Fittings
max_velocity	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m/s	Max velocity; velocity
max_pressure_drop	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Max pressure drop; pressure_difference

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "density": {
    "unit": "kg/m3",
    "value": 1000
  },
  "fittings": [
    {
      "count": 4,
      "k": 0.9,
      "name": "사용자 지정 엘보"
    },
    {
      "count": 2,
      "k": 0.2,
      "name": "사용자 지정 밸브"
    }
  ],
  "internal_diameter": {
    "unit": "mm",
    "value": 100
  },
  "length": {
    "unit": "m",
    "value": 100
  },
  "max_velocity": {
    "unit": "m/s",
    "value": 3
  },
  "roughness": {
    "unit": "mm",
    "value": 0.045
  },
  "viscosity": {
    "unit": "cP",
    "value": 1
  },
  "volume_flow": {
    "unit": "m3/h",
    "value": 36
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
volume_flow	number	m3/s	Volume flow
mass_flow	number	kg/s	Mass flow
velocity	number	m/s	Velocity
reynolds	number	1	Reynolds
darcy_friction_factor	number	1	Darcy friction factor
flow_regime	string	nested structure / not applicable	Flow regime
total_minor_loss_coefficient	number	1	Total minor loss coefficient
friction_pressure_drop	number	Pa	Friction pressure drop
minor_pressure_drop	number	Pa	Minor pressure drop
total_pressure_drop	number	Pa	Total pressure drop
head_loss	number	m	Head loss

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.hydraulics.

Example assumptions: 정상상태 단상 비압축성 Newtonian 유체; Darcy 마찰계수 사용; Fanning 계수와 구분; 관경은 실제 내경; 정수두·경계 압력차는 펌프 모듈에서 별도 계산

08. pump.size — 펌프 양정·동력

Purpose / operating model: 지정 효율의 예비 선정; NPSH는 흡입 플랜지 정압 기준

Equations / algorithm: H=deltaP/(rho*g)+deltaZ+loss/(rho*g); P=rho*g*Q*H/efficiency

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
source_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Source pressure; pressure
destination_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Destination pressure; pressure
pump_efficiency	yes	object	1	Pump efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
elevation_difference	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Elevation difference; length
pressure_losses	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Pressure losses; pressure_difference
motor_efficiency	optional / conditional	number	1	Motor efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
head_margin_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Head margin fraction
suction_absolute_pressure	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Suction absolute pressure; pressure
vapor_pressure	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Vapor pressure; pressure
suction_velocity	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m/s	Suction velocity; velocity
npsh_required	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Npsh required; length
npsh_margin	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Npsh margin; length

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "density": {
    "unit": "kg/m3",
    "value": 1000
  },
  "destination_pressure": {
    "unit": "bar",
    "value": 3
  },
  "elevation_difference": {
    "unit": "m",
    "value": 8
  },
  "head_margin_fraction": 0.1,
  "motor_efficiency": 0.9,
  "pressure_losses": {
    "unit": "kPa",
    "value": 30
  },
  "pump_efficiency": {
    "unit": "%",
    "value": 72
  },
  "source_pressure": {
    "unit": "bar",
    "value": 1
  },
  "volume_flow": {
    "unit": "m3/h",
    "value": 36
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
system_head	number	m	System head
design_head	number	m	Design head
hydraulic_power	number	W	Hydraulic power
shaft_power	number	W	Shaft power
electric_power	number	W	Electric power

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.hydraulics.

Example assumptions: 경계의 속도수두 차이는 무시; elevation_difference는 목적지 액면 높이 - 출발지 액면 높이; NPSH용 suction_absolute_pressure는 펌프 흡입 플랜지의 정압; 효율·NPSH required는 사용자 또는 제조사 제공값

09. tank.size — 수직 원통 탱크 용량

Purpose / operating model: 직접 요구체적 또는 유량*저장시간 입력; 원통부 용량

Equations / algorithm: Vgross=(Vliquid+Vdead)/working_fraction; V=pi*D^2*H/4

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
working_fraction	yes	number	1	Working fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
required_liquid_volume	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3	Required liquid volume; volume
volume_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
storage_time	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Storage time; time
dead_volume	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3	Dead volume; volume
tank_count	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Tank count
height_to_diameter_ratio	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Height to diameter ratio

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "height_to_diameter_ratio": 1.2,
  "storage_time": {
    "unit": "h",
    "value": 2
  },
  "tank_count": 1,
  "volume_flow": {
    "unit": "m3/h",
    "value": 36
  },
  "working_fraction": 0.8
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
required_liquid_volume	number	m3	Required liquid volume
total_gross_volume	number	m3	Total gross volume
per_tank_gross_volume	number	m3	Per tank gross volume
tank_count	integer	1	Tank count
internal_diameter	number	m	Internal diameter
cylindrical_height	number	m	Cylindrical height

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.storage.

Example assumptions: 동일 크기의 수직 원통형 탱크; 헤드 형상·노즐·내부구조·기계설계는 별도; dead_volume은 전체 탱크군의 추가 사공간 요구량

10. thermal.exchanger — 열교환기 LMTD 기본설계

Purpose / operating model: 지정 열부하·온도·유효 U 사용; 단상 기본설계

Equations / algorithm: Q=U*A*F*LMTD

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
heat_duty	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Heat duty; power
hot_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Hot inlet temperature; temperature
hot_outlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Hot outlet temperature; temperature
cold_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Cold inlet temperature; temperature
cold_outlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Cold outlet temperature; temperature
overall_coefficient	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W/(m2*K)	Overall coefficient; heat_transfer_coefficient
flow_arrangement	optional / conditional	string	declared in object / not applicable	Flow arrangement; choices: ('countercurrent', 'parallel')
correction_factor	optional / conditional	number	1	Correction factor; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
area_margin_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Area margin fraction
installed_area	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Installed area; area

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "area_margin_fraction": 0.1,
  "cold_inlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 20
  },
  "cold_outlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 40
  },
  "correction_factor": 0.9,
  "flow_arrangement": "countercurrent",
  "heat_duty": {
    "unit": "kW",
    "value": 420
  },
  "hot_inlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 90
  },
  "hot_outlet_temperature": {
    "unit": "degC",
    "value": 60
  },
  "overall_coefficient": {
    "unit": "W/(m2*K)",
    "value": 500
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
heat_duty	number	W	Heat duty
terminal_temperature_difference_1	number	delta_K	Terminal temperature difference 1
terminal_temperature_difference_2	number	delta_K	Terminal temperature difference 2
lmtd	number	delta_K	Lmtd
corrected_lmtd	number	delta_K	Corrected lmtd
required_area	number	m2	Required area
design_area	number	m2	Design area

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.thermal.

Example assumptions: 지정된 유효 총괄전열계수 U 사용; 입출구 온도 및 열부하는 외부 물질·열수지에서 결정; 기하구조·진동·튜브/쉘 압력손실은 현재 계산범위에 포함하지 않음; installed_area 평가는 지정 온도조건에서 수행

11. utilities.demand — 유틸리티 소요량

Purpose / operating model: 가열부하가 있으면 스팀 엔탈피 차이, 냉각부하가 있으면 냉각수 비열·온도상승 필수

Equations / algorithm: steam=Q/delta_h; cooling_water=Q/(Cp*deltaT)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
annual_operating_hours	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Annual operating hours
heating_duty	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Heating duty; power
cooling_duty	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Cooling duty; power
electric_power	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Electric power; power
steam_specific_energy	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/kg	Steam specific energy; specific_energy
cooling_water_heat_capacity	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Cooling water heat capacity; heat_capacity
cooling_water_temperature_rise	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	delta_K	Cooling water temperature rise; temperature_difference

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_operating_hours": 1,
  "heating_duty": {
    "unit": "W",
    "value": 5000.0
  },
  "steam_specific_energy": 1000
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
steam_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Steam mass flow
cooling_water_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Cooling water mass flow
annual_steam_mass	number	kg	Annual steam mass
annual_cooling_water_mass	number	kg	Annual cooling water mass
annual_electricity	number	kWh	Annual electricity

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.thermal.

Example assumptions: steam_specific_energy는 공급 스팀과 회수 응축수의 유효 엔탈피 차이; 연간 사용량은 지정 부하가 운전시간 동안 일정하다고 가정

12. cost.equipment — 장치 구매비·보정

Purpose / operating model: 사용자 제공 기준비용·지수; 통화 변경은 환율 필수, 날짜 변경은 비용지수 필수

Equations / algorithm: C=Cref*(S/Sref)^n*material*pressure*location*(I/Iref)*fx

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
capacity_dimension	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Capacity dimension; choices: ('area', 'volume', 'power', 'mass_flow', 'volume_flow', 'mass', 'length')
capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Capacity
reference_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Reference capacity
base_cost	yes	integer	USD	Base cost
scaling_exponent	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Scaling exponent
base_currency	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Base currency
basis_date	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Basis date
target_date	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Target date
basis_note	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Basis note
target_currency	optional / conditional	string	declared in object / not applicable	Target currency
material_factor	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Material factor
pressure_factor	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Pressure factor
location_factor	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Location factor
quantity	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Quantity
base_index	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Base index
target_index	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Target index
exchange_rate	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Exchange rate
minimum_capacity	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	declared in object / not applicable	Minimum capacity
maximum_capacity	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	declared in object / not applicable	Maximum capacity
allow_extrapolation	optional / conditional	boolean	declared in object / not applicable	Allow extrapolation

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "base_cost": 100,
  "base_currency": "USD",
  "basis_date": "2026-11-04",
  "basis_note": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "capacity": {
    "unit": "m2",
    "value": 0.13862943611198905
  },
  "capacity_dimension": "area",
  "reference_capacity": 10,
  "scaling_exponent": 0.5,
  "target_date": "2026-11-04"
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
scaled_base_cost	number	USD	Scaled base cost
index_factor	integer	1	Index factor
corrected_unit_cost	number	USD	Corrected unit cost
total_purchase_cost	number	USD	Total purchase cost
currency	string	nested structure / not applicable	Currency
basis_date	string	nested structure / not applicable	Basis date
target_date	string	nested structure / not applicable	Target date
basis_note	string	nested structure / not applicable	Basis note

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.costs.

Example assumptions: 사용자가 제공한 기준비용·용량지수·보정계수 사용; 환율은 기준통화 1단위당 목표통화; 용량 지수를 0.6으로 자동 가정하지 않음; 계산식의 문헌 출처와 기준 견적의 출처는 별도 관리

13. cost.capex — 설치비·총투자비

Purpose / operating model: 설치계수에 구매비 포함; 간접비·OSBL·예비비 별도 집계

Equations / algorithm: TCI=fixed_capital+working_capital+land

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
currency	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Currency
basis_date	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Basis date
purchased_equipment	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Purchased equipment
installation_factor	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Installation factor
indirect_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Indirect fraction
contingency_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Contingency fraction
offsite_cost	optional / conditional	integer	USD	Offsite cost
working_capital	optional / conditional	integer	USD	Working capital
land_cost	optional / conditional	number	USD	Land cost

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "basis_date": "2026-11-04",
  "contingency_fraction": 0.2,
  "currency": "USD",
  "indirect_fraction": 0.1,
  "installation_factor": 2,
  "offsite_cost": 50,
  "purchased_equipment": [
    {
      "cost": {
        "unit": "USD",
        "value": 11.774100225154749
      },
      "name": "가상 응축기"
    }
  ],
  "working_capital": 30
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
purchased_equipment_cost	number	USD	Purchased equipment cost
installed_isbl_cost	number	USD	Installed isbl cost
offsite_cost	number	USD	Offsite cost
total_direct_cost	number	USD	Total direct cost
indirect_cost	number	USD	Indirect cost
contingency	number	USD	Contingency
fixed_capital	number	USD	Fixed capital
working_capital	number	USD	Working capital
land_cost	number	USD	Land cost
total_capital	number	USD	Total capital
currency	string	nested structure / not applicable	Currency
basis_date	string	nested structure / not applicable	Basis date

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.costs.

Example assumptions: 설치계수는 ISBL 구매비를 포함하며 OSBL·간접비·예비비는 포함하지 않음; 간접비는 ISBL 설치비 + OSBL 비용 기준; 예비비는 직접비 + 간접비 기준; 토지비·운전자본은 고정자본과 별도로 합산; 입력 구매비는 동일 기준일로 보정된 값

14. cost.opex — 운영비·단위 제조원가

Purpose / operating model: items=[{name,category,annual_quantity,quantity_unit,unit_price,currency?}]

Equations / algorithm: annual_cost=sum(quantity*unit_price)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
currency	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Currency
basis_date	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Basis date
annual_production	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Annual production
production_unit	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Production unit
items	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Items

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_production": 200.0,
  "basis_date": "2026-11-04",
  "currency": "USD",
  "items": [
    {
      "annual_quantity": 18000.0,
      "category": "utility",
      "name": "가상 유틸리티 단가",
      "quantity_unit": "kg",
      "unit_price": 0.01
    }
  ],
  "production_unit": "kg"
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
items	array	nested structure / not applicable	Items
cost_by_category	object	USD/year	Cost by category
annual_operating_cost	number	USD/year	Annual operating cost
unit_production_cost	number	USD/kg	Unit production cost
currency	string	nested structure / not applicable	Currency
basis_date	string	nested structure / not applicable	Basis date

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.costs.

Example assumptions: annual_quantity와 unit_price는 동일 quantity_unit 기준; 고정 연간 비용은 annual_quantity=1, quantity_unit=year로 입력; 감가상각·금융비용·세금은 현재 OPEX 집계에 자동 포함하지 않음

15. phase.flash — 지정 K값 기액 플래시

Purpose / operating model: Rachford-Rice·2상/단일상 판정; K≈1에서는 기화율 미결정 반환

Equations / algorithm: sum(z_i*(K_i-1)/(1+beta*(K_i-1)))=0

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
feed_molar_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	mol/s	Feed molar flow; molar_flow
temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Temperature; temperature
pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Pressure; pressure
composition	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Composition
k_values	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	K values
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "composition": {
    "A": 0.5,
    "B": 0.5
  },
  "feed_molar_flow": 100,
  "k_values": {
    "A": 2,
    "B": 0.5
  },
  "pressure": 100000,
  "temperature": 300
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
phase	string	nested structure / not applicable	Phase
vapor_fraction	number	1	Vapor fraction
vapor_molar_flow	number	mol/s	Vapor molar flow
liquid_molar_flow	number	mol/s	Liquid molar flow
liquid_composition	object	mole_fraction	Liquid composition
vapor_composition	object	mole_fraction	Vapor composition
component_balance_residuals	object	mol/s	Component balance residuals

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.phase2.

Example assumptions: 지정 온도·압력에서 제공된 K값 사용; 자체 물성 예측 없음; Rachford-Rice 이분법; 단일상에서는 존재하지 않는 상의 조성은 null

16. batch.capacity — 배치 사이클·생산능력

Purpose / operating model: 독립 병렬 용기·순차 레시피·완성 배치 기준

Equations / algorithm: cycle=sum(step times); annual=mass_per_batch*floor(available_time/cycle)*vessels

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
batch_product_mass	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg	Batch product mass; mass
annual_operating_hours	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Annual operating hours
steps	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Steps
availability	optional / conditional	number	1	Availability; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
parallel_vessels	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Parallel vessels
target_annual_mass	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg	Target annual mass; mass

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_operating_hours": 10,
  "batch_product_mass": 10,
  "parallel_vessels": 2,
  "steps": [
    {
      "duration": {
        "unit": "h",
        "value": 0.25
      },
      "name": "fill"
    },
    {
      "duration": {
        "unit": "h",
        "value": 0.75
      },
      "name": "process"
    }
  ],
  "target_annual_mass": 200
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
cycle_time	number	s	Cycle time
completed_batches_per_vessel	integer	1	Completed batches per vessel
completed_batches	integer	1	Completed batches
annual_product_mass	number	kg	Annual product mass
longest_step	string	nested structure / not applicable	Longest step
required_parallel_vessels	integer	1	Required parallel vessels

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.phase2.

Example assumptions: 같은 용기에서 모든 단계를 순차 수행; 동일 레시피의 독립 병렬 용기; 용기 간 공유 자원·세척 간섭 없음; 연간 운전시간에 availability를 적용한 뒤 완성 배치만 산정

17. gas.compressor — 이상기체 다단 압축기

Purpose / operating model: 일정 cp·gamma, 동일 단별 압력비, 완전 중간냉각 선택

Equations / algorithm: dT=T*((P2/P1)^((gamma-1)/gamma)-1)/eta; P=m*cp*dT

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Inlet temperature; temperature
inlet_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Inlet pressure; pressure
outlet_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Outlet pressure; pressure
heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Heat capacity; heat_capacity
heat_capacity_ratio	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Heat capacity ratio
isentropic_efficiency	yes	number	1	Isentropic efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
motor_efficiency	optional / conditional	number	1	Motor efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
stages	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Stages
perfect_intercooling	optional / conditional	boolean	declared in object / not applicable	Perfect intercooling
maximum_outlet_temperature	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Maximum outlet temperature; temperature

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "heat_capacity": 1000,
  "heat_capacity_ratio": 2,
  "inlet_pressure": 100000,
  "inlet_temperature": 300,
  "isentropic_efficiency": 0.5,
  "mass_flow": 1,
  "outlet_pressure": 400000
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
shaft_power	number	W	Shaft power
electric_power	number	W	Electric power
outlet_temperature	number	K	Outlet temperature
stage_pressure_ratio	number	1	Stage pressure ratio
stages	array	nested structure / not applicable	Stages

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.equipment2.

Example assumptions: 이상기체·일정 비열·비열비; 동일 단별 압력비·효율; 단간 압력손실 없음; 완전 중간냉각 선택 시 각 단 입구를 최초 온도로 복귀

18. gas.blower — 저압 송풍기

Purpose / operating model: ΔP/P<=0.1, 입구 실제 체적유량

Equations / algorithm: P=Q*dP/eta

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
inlet_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Inlet pressure; pressure
pressure_rise	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Pressure rise; pressure_difference
efficiency	yes	number	1	Efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "efficiency": 0.5,
  "inlet_pressure": 100000,
  "pressure_rise": 10000,
  "volume_flow": 1
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
fluid_power	number	W	Fluid power
shaft_power	number	W	Shaft power

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.equipment2.

Example assumptions: 입구 실제 체적유량; 압축성 효과를 무시하는 저압 근사

19. valve.liquid — 비초크 액체 조절밸브

Purpose / operating model: 난류·비초크·Fp=1; FL 제공, 플래싱/초크는 거부

Equations / algorithm: Kv=Q_m3h*sqrt(SG/dP_bar); FF=0.96-0.28*sqrt(Pv/Pc); dP_limit=FL^2*(P1-FF*Pv)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
inlet_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Inlet pressure; pressure
outlet_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Outlet pressure; pressure
vapor_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Vapor pressure; pressure
critical_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Critical pressure; pressure
liquid_recovery_factor	yes	integer	1	Liquid recovery factor; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
selected_kv	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Kv	Selected kv; valve_capacity

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "critical_pressure": 10000000,
  "density": 1000,
  "inlet_pressure": 300000,
  "liquid_recovery_factor": 1,
  "outlet_pressure": 200000,
  "vapor_pressure": 1000,
  "volume_flow": {
    "unit": "m3/h",
    "value": 1
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
required_kv	number	Kv	Required kv
required_cv	number	Cv	Required cv
pressure_drop	number	Pa	Pressure drop
choked_pressure_drop_limit	number	Pa	Choked pressure drop limit

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.equipment2.

Example assumptions: 난류·비플래싱·비초크 액체, 배관 보정계수 Fp=1; FL은 제공된 밸브 성능값; 캐비테이션 시작점·소음·점성 보정·최종 트림 선정은 별도

20. thermal.phase_change — 응축기·리보일러·증발기

Purpose / operating model: mass_flow 또는 molar_flow+molecular_weight; 상변화측 등온

Equations / algorithm: Q=m*latent*fraction+sensible; A=Q/(U*F*LMTD)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mode	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Mode; choices: ('condenser', 'reboiler', 'evaporator')
latent_heat	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/kg	Latent heat; specific_energy
saturation_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Saturation temperature; temperature
utility_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Utility inlet temperature; temperature
utility_outlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Utility outlet temperature; temperature
overall_coefficient	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W/(m2*K)	Overall coefficient; heat_transfer_coefficient
mass_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
molar_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	mol/s	Molar flow; molar_flow
molecular_weight	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/mol	Molecular weight; molar_mass
phase_change_fraction	optional / conditional	number	1	Phase change fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
correction_factor	optional / conditional	number	1	Correction factor; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
area_margin_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Area margin fraction
additional_heat_duty	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Additional heat duty; power
utility_specific_energy	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/kg	Utility specific energy; specific_energy

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "latent_heat": 1000,
  "mode": "condenser",
  "molar_flow": {
    "unit": "mol/s",
    "value": 50.0
  },
  "molecular_weight": 0.02,
  "overall_coefficient": 100,
  "saturation_temperature": 400,
  "utility_inlet_temperature": 300,
  "utility_outlet_temperature": 350
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
mass_flow	number	kg/s	Mass flow
heat_duty	number	W	Heat duty
lmtd	number	delta_K	Lmtd
required_area	number	m2	Required area
design_area	number	m2	Design area

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.phase2.

Example assumptions: 상변화 유체는 지정 포화온도에서 등온; 제공된 잠열·유효 U 사용; 상세 2상 압력손실·혼합물 온도활주는 별도

21. mixing.power — 교반 동력·토크

Purpose / operating model: 단일 임펠러, Re<=10 또는 Re>=10000; 제공된 계수

Equations / algorithm: Re=rho*N*D^2/mu; P=Np*rho*N^3*D^5

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
viscosity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa*s	Viscosity; viscosity
rotation_frequency	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Hz	Rotation frequency; frequency
impeller_diameter	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Impeller diameter; length
tank_diameter	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Tank diameter; length
regime	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Regime; choices: ('laminar', 'turbulent')
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
drive_efficiency	optional / conditional	number	1	Drive efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
power_number	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Power number
laminar_constant	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Laminar constant

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "density": 1000,
  "impeller_diameter": 1,
  "power_number": 5,
  "regime": "turbulent",
  "rotation_frequency": 2,
  "tank_diameter": 2,
  "viscosity": 0.001
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
impeller_reynolds	number	1	Impeller reynolds
power_number	number	1	Power number
mixing_power	number	W	Mixing power
drive_power	number	W	Drive power
torque	number	N*m	Torque
tip_speed	number	m/s	Tip speed

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.equipment2.

Example assumptions: 제공된 형상·매질의 Np 또는 층류 상수 사용; 층류 Re<=10 / 난류 Re>=10000, 천이영역 제외; 임펠러 1개·비기포 유체

22. distillation.binary — 이성분 증류 단수·환류비

Purpose / operating model: 이상계·일정 상대휘발도·포화액 feed(q=1), McCabe-Thiele 단수

Equations / algorithm: Fenske Nmin; McCabe-Thiele equilibrium and operating lines

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
feed_molar_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	mol/s	Feed molar flow; molar_flow
feed_light_fraction	yes	number	1	Feed light fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
distillate_light_fraction	yes	number	1	Distillate light fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
bottoms_light_fraction	yes	number	1	Bottoms light fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
relative_volatility	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Relative volatility
reflux_ratio	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Reflux ratio
equilibrium_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Equilibrium source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "bottoms_light_fraction": 0.2,
  "distillate_light_fraction": 0.8,
  "equilibrium_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "feed_light_fraction": 0.5,
  "feed_molar_flow": 100,
  "reflux_ratio": 3,
  "relative_volatility": 2
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
minimum_stages	number	1	Minimum stages
minimum_reflux_ratio	number	1	Minimum reflux ratio
theoretical_stages	integer	1	Theoretical stages
feed_stage	integer	1	Feed stage
distillate_molar_flow	number	mol/s	Distillate molar flow
bottoms_molar_flow	number	mol/s	Bottoms molar flow
stage_profile	array	nested structure / not applicable	Stage profile
light_component_balance_residual	number	mol/s	Light component balance residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.separation2.

Example assumptions: 2성분·일정 상대휘발도·포화액 공급(q=1)·일정 몰유량; Fenske 최소단수; McCabe-Thiele 평형/운전선 계단법; 이론단수는 리보일러 포함·전응축기 제외, 마지막 부분단은 1단으로 올림; 공비·비이상계·트레이 효율은 별도

23. column.hydraulics — 트레이·충전탑 예비 수력학

Purpose / operating model: 제공된 용량계수·압력손실 성능자료; 상세 내부구조 검토는 별도

Equations / algorithm: u_flood=C*sqrt((rhoL-rhoV)/rhoV); A=Q/u_design

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
kind	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Kind; choices: ('tray', 'packed')
gas_volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Gas volume flow; volume_flow
gas_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Gas density; density
liquid_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Liquid density; density
capacity_factor	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m/s	Capacity factor; velocity
fraction_of_flooding	yes	number	1	Fraction of flooding; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
actual_trays	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Actual trays
tray_spacing	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Tray spacing; length
pressure_drop_per_tray	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Pressure drop per tray; pressure_difference
packed_height	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Packed height; length
pressure_drop_per_height	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa/m	Pressure drop per height; pressure_gradient
additional_height	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Additional height; length

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "additional_height": 1,
  "capacity_factor": 0.1,
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "fraction_of_flooding": 0.5,
  "gas_density": 1,
  "gas_volume_flow": 1,
  "kind": "packed",
  "liquid_density": 101,
  "packed_height": {
    "unit": "m",
    "value": 1.3862943611198906
  },
  "pressure_drop_per_height": 100
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
flooding_velocity	number	m/s	Flooding velocity
design_velocity	number	m/s	Design velocity
cross_sectional_area	number	m2	Cross sectional area
internal_diameter	number	m	Internal diameter
active_height	number	m	Active height
total_height	number	m	Total height
pressure_drop	number	Pa	Pressure drop

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.separation2.

Example assumptions: 업체/실험 기반 Souders-Brown 용량계수와 압력손실 계수 사용; 유효 단면적 기준, 상세 다운커머·위핑·분배기 설계는 별도

24. separation.stages — 흡수·스트리핑·추출 평형단

Purpose / operating model: Kremser, 선형 평형·신선 상대상·희석 용질<=0.1

Equations / algorithm: remaining=(A-1)/(A^(N+1)-1); at A=1: 1/(N+1)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mode	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Mode; choices: ('absorption', 'stripping', 'extraction')
feed_carrier_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	mol/s	Feed carrier flow; molar_flow
solvent_carrier_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	mol/s	Solvent carrier flow; molar_flow
equilibrium_slope	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Equilibrium slope
equilibrium_stages	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Equilibrium stages
inlet_solute_fraction	yes	number	1	Inlet solute fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
equilibrium_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Equilibrium source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "equilibrium_slope": 1,
  "equilibrium_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "equilibrium_stages": 2,
  "feed_carrier_flow": 1,
  "inlet_solute_fraction": 0.09,
  "mode": "absorption",
  "solvent_carrier_flow": 2
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
separation_factor	number	1	Separation factor
remaining_fraction	number	1	Remaining fraction
removal_fraction	number	1	Removal fraction
outlet_solute_fraction	number	mole_fraction	Outlet solute fraction

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.separation2.

Example assumptions: Kremser: 희석 용질·일정 carrier 몰유량·선형 평형·신선한 무용질 상대상; 흡수 m=y_gas/x_liquid; 스트리핑 m=y_gas/x_liquid; 추출 m=x_extract/x_raffinate; 흡수 A=L/(mV), 스트리핑 S=mV/L, 추출 E=mS/F

25. separation.packed_height — HTU/NTU 충전높이

Purpose / operating model: 선형 구동력 변화·제공된 총괄 HTU

Equations / algorithm: NTU=(y_in-y_out)/log_mean_driving_force; Z=HTU*NTU

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
inlet_solute_fraction	yes	number	1	Inlet solute fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
outlet_solute_fraction	yes	number	1	Outlet solute fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
htu	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Htu; length
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
equilibrium_fraction_at_inlet	optional / conditional	number	1	Equilibrium fraction at inlet; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
equilibrium_fraction_at_outlet	optional / conditional	number	1	Equilibrium fraction at outlet; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "htu": 2,
  "inlet_solute_fraction": 0.1,
  "outlet_solute_fraction": 0.05
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
ntu	number	1	Ntu
packed_height	number	m	Packed height
log_mean_driving_force	number	1	Log mean driving force

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.separation2.

Example assumptions: 선형 평형·운전선에서 구동력이 선형 변화; 제공된 총괄 HTU 사용, 일정 carrier 유량

26. solids.handling — 분체 저장·벨트 이송

Purpose / operating model: 벌크용량·수평/상향 벨트 예비 용량·동력

Equations / algorithm: V=m*t/(rho_bulk*fill); P=m*g*(lift+resistance*length)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
bulk_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Bulk density; density
storage_time	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Storage time; time
working_fraction	yes	number	1	Working fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
belt_speed	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m/s	Belt speed; velocity
belt_loading_area	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Belt loading area; area
conveyor_length	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Conveyor length; length
effective_resistance	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Effective resistance
drive_efficiency	yes	number	1	Drive efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
conveyor_lift	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Conveyor lift; length
no_load_power	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	No load power; power

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "belt_loading_area": 0.01,
  "belt_speed": 2,
  "bulk_density": 100,
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "conveyor_length": 10,
  "drive_efficiency": 0.5,
  "effective_resistance": 0.1,
  "mass_flow": 1,
  "storage_time": 10,
  "working_fraction": 0.5
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
gross_storage_volume	number	m3	Gross storage volume
belt_mass_capacity	number	kg/s	Belt mass capacity
load_power	number	W	Load power
drive_power	number	W	Drive power

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: 벌크밀도·적재단면·유효 저항은 제공된 성능자료; 수평/상향 벨트 예비 동력; 사일로 구조·호퍼 유동성·하향 회생은 별도

27. solids.screen — 분급 회수율·물질수지

Purpose / operating model: 미립/조립 2성분군, 제공된 회수율

Equations / algorithm: undersize=m*(fine*fine_recovery+(1-fine)*(1-coarse_recovery))

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
feed_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Feed mass flow; mass_flow
feed_fines_fraction	yes	number	1	Feed fines fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
fines_recovery_to_undersize	yes	number	1	Fines recovery to undersize; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
coarse_recovery_to_oversize	yes	number	1	Coarse recovery to oversize; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coarse_recovery_to_oversize": 0.8,
  "feed_fines_fraction": 0.4,
  "feed_mass_flow": 100,
  "fines_recovery_to_undersize": 0.9
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
undersize_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Undersize mass flow
oversize_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Oversize mass flow
undersize_fines_fraction	number	mass_fraction	Undersize fines fraction
oversize_fines_fraction	number	mass_fraction	Oversize fines fraction
mass_balance_residual	number	kg/s	Mass balance residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: 건식 성분군 2개: 미립/조립, 지정 회수율 기반

28. solids.grind — Bond 분쇄 동력

Purpose / operating model: 시험 일지수와 80% 통과입도, 원식 입도 um

Equations / algorithm: W=10*Wi*(1/sqrt(P80_um)-1/sqrt(F80_um))

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Mass flow; mass_flow
feed_p80	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Feed p80; length
product_p80	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Product p80; length
bond_work_index	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/kg	Bond work index; specific_energy
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
drive_efficiency	optional / conditional	number	1	Drive efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "bond_work_index": {
    "unit": "kWh/t",
    "value": 10
  },
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "drive_efficiency": 0.9,
  "feed_p80": {
    "unit": "um",
    "value": 100
  },
  "mass_flow": 1,
  "product_p80": {
    "unit": "um",
    "value": 25
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
specific_grinding_energy	number	J/kg	Specific grinding energy
shaft_power	number	W	Shaft power
drive_power	number	W	Drive power

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: Bond 80% 통과입도 식, 원식 입도 단위 um·일지수 kWh/t; 시험으로 확보한 Bond 일지수 사용; 습식·폐회로 보정은 별도

29. solids.settling — Stokes 침강·면적

Purpose / operating model: 희석 구형 입자 Re_p<=0.1

Equations / algorithm: v=(rhoP-rhoF)*g*d^2/(18*mu); A=Q/v

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
particle_diameter	yes	number	m	Particle diameter
particle_density	yes	integer	kg/m3	Particle density
fluid_density	yes	integer	kg/m3	Fluid density
viscosity	yes	number	Pa*s	Viscosity
volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
area_margin_fraction	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Area margin fraction

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "fluid_density": 1000,
  "particle_density": 2000,
  "particle_diameter": 1e-05,
  "viscosity": 0.001,
  "volume_flow": 0.0001
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
settling_velocity	number	m/s	Settling velocity
particle_reynolds	number	1	Particle reynolds
required_area	number	m2	Required area

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: 독립 구형 입자·희석 현탁액 Stokes 침강; 응집·간섭 침강은 별도

30. solids.centrifuge — Sigma 원심분리 용량

Purpose / operating model: 제공된 등가 Sigma 면적·효율, Stokes 입자

Equations / algorithm: Q_capacity=v_gravity*Sigma*efficiency

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
particle_diameter	yes	number	m	Particle diameter
particle_density	yes	integer	kg/m3	Particle density
fluid_density	yes	integer	kg/m3	Fluid density
viscosity	yes	number	Pa*s	Viscosity
volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
equivalent_sigma_area	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Equivalent sigma area; area
sigma_efficiency	yes	number	1	Sigma efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "equivalent_sigma_area": 100,
  "fluid_density": 1000,
  "particle_density": 2000,
  "particle_diameter": 1e-05,
  "sigma_efficiency": 0.5,
  "viscosity": 0.001,
  "volume_flow": 0.001
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
gravity_settling_velocity	number	m/s	Gravity settling velocity
particle_reynolds	number	1	Particle reynolds
volume_capacity	number	m3/s	Volume capacity

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: 제공된 유효 Sigma 등가침강면적 사용; 저농도·Stokes 입자, 장치 형상·회전수·동력은 별도

31. solids.filter — 정압 케이크 여과

Purpose / operating model: 비압축성 케이크, 초기 케이크 0; 면적 또는 시간 산정

Equations / algorithm: t=mu*alpha*c*V^2/(2*A^2*dP)+mu*Rm*V/(A*dP)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mode	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Mode; choices: ('area', 'time')
viscosity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa*s	Viscosity; viscosity
specific_cake_resistance	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m/kg	Specific cake resistance; specific_resistance
solids_per_filtrate_volume	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Solids per filtrate volume; density
filtrate_volume	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3	Filtrate volume; volume
pressure_difference	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Pressure difference; pressure_difference
medium_resistance	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	1/m	Medium resistance; inverse_length
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
filtration_time	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Filtration time; time
filtration_area	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Filtration area; area

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "filtrate_volume": 1,
  "filtration_time": 2,
  "medium_resistance": 1,
  "mode": "area",
  "pressure_difference": 1,
  "solids_per_filtrate_volume": 1,
  "specific_cake_resistance": 2,
  "viscosity": 1
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
filtration_area	number	m2	Filtration area
filtration_time	number	s	Filtration time

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: 정압·비압축성 케이크; 초기 케이크 0; t=mualphacV^2/(2A^2dP)+muRmV/(AdP); 세척·배출 시간은 배치 모듈에 별도 입력

32. solids.cyclone — Lapple 사이클론 예비 성능

Purpose / operating model: 제공된 유효 회전수·손실계수, 단일 입경 효율

Equations / algorithm: d50=sqrt(9*mu*b/(2*pi*Ne*uin*(rhoP-rhoG))); eta=d^2/(d^2+d50^2)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
gas_volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Gas volume flow; volume_flow
inlet_width	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Inlet width; length
inlet_height	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Inlet height; length
gas_viscosity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa*s	Gas viscosity; viscosity
gas_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Gas density; density
particle_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Particle density; density
effective_turns	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Effective turns
pressure_loss_coefficient	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Pressure loss coefficient
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
particle_diameter	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Particle diameter; length

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "effective_turns": 1,
  "gas_density": 1,
  "gas_viscosity": 1e-05,
  "gas_volume_flow": 0.1,
  "inlet_height": 0.1,
  "inlet_width": 0.1,
  "particle_density": 1001,
  "particle_diameter": 1.196826841204298e-05,
  "pressure_loss_coefficient": 2
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
inlet_velocity	number	m/s	Inlet velocity
cut_diameter	number	m	Cut diameter
pressure_drop	number	Pa	Pressure drop
grade_efficiency	number	1	Grade efficiency

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: Lapple 예비 cut-size 모델; 지정 유효 회전수와 손실계수; 단일 입경 효율 d^2/(d^2+d50^2), 재비산·고농도 효과는 별도

33. solids.dryer — 건조기 수지·열부하·면적

Purpose / operating model: 습량기준 수분·수분수지 공기량; 제공 건조속도로 면적 산정

Equations / algorithm: dry_solid=mfeed*(1-Xin); Q=evaporation*latent/(1-loss)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
wet_feed_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Wet feed mass flow; mass_flow
inlet_moisture_fraction	yes	number	1	Inlet moisture fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
outlet_moisture_fraction	yes	integer	1	Outlet moisture fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
latent_heat	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/kg	Latent heat; specific_energy
inlet_humidity_ratio	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Inlet humidity ratio
outlet_humidity_ratio	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Outlet humidity ratio
heat_loss_fraction	optional / conditional	number	1	Heat loss fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
additional_sensible_heat	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W	Additional sensible heat; power
drying_flux	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/(m2*s)	Drying flux; mass_flux
coefficient_source	optional / conditional	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "coefficient_source": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님",
  "drying_flux": 0.5,
  "inlet_humidity_ratio": 0.01,
  "inlet_moisture_fraction": 0.5,
  "latent_heat": 1000,
  "outlet_humidity_ratio": 0.11,
  "outlet_moisture_fraction": 0,
  "wet_feed_mass_flow": 10
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
dry_solids_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Dry solids mass flow
product_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Product mass flow
evaporation_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Evaporation mass flow
heat_duty	number	W	Heat duty
dry_air_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Dry air mass flow
drying_area	number	m2	Drying area

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.solids2.

Example assumptions: 입출구 수분은 물/습윤물의 질량분율; 습도비는 kg-water/kg-dry-air; 열부하는 지정 잠열·현열·손실 기반; 공기량은 수분수지 기준; 면적은 제공된 유효 건조속도 기준, 공기 열용량·건조동역학 상세해석은 별도

34. economics.project — 현금흐름·NPV·IRR·회수기간

Purpose / operating model: 연말 현금흐름·정액 감가상각·제공 세율·균등 원리금; 비전형 현금흐름 IRR 미선택

Equations / algorithm: NPV=sum(CF_t/(1+r)^t); after-tax annual project/equity cash flows

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
currency	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Currency
project_years	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Project years
initial_capital	yes	object	USD	Initial capital
annual_revenue	yes	integer	USD/year	Annual revenue
annual_operating_cost	yes	object	USD/year	Annual operating cost
discount_rate	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Discount rate
working_capital	optional / conditional	object	USD	Working capital
depreciable_capital	optional / conditional	number	USD	Depreciable capital
depreciation_residual	optional / conditional	number	USD	Depreciation residual
depreciation_years	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Depreciation years
salvage_value	optional / conditional	number	USD	Salvage value
tax_rate	optional / conditional	number	1	Tax rate; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
loan_principal	optional / conditional	number	USD	Loan principal
loan_interest_rate	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Loan interest rate
loan_years	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Loan years

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_operating_cost": {
    "unit": "USD/year",
    "value": 180.0
  },
  "annual_revenue": 1000000,
  "currency": "USD",
  "discount_rate": 0.1,
  "initial_capital": {
    "unit": "USD",
    "value": 97.08362459440853
  },
  "project_years": 5,
  "tax_rate": 0.2,
  "working_capital": {
    "unit": "USD",
    "value": 30.0
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
project_cash_flows	array	USD	Project cash flows
equity_cash_flows	array	USD	Equity cash flows
schedule	array	nested structure / not applicable	Schedule
npv	number	USD	Npv
irr	number	1	Irr
irr_status	string	nested structure / not applicable	Irr status
payback_years	number	year	Payback years
discounted_payback_years	number	year	Discounted payback years
equity_npv	number	USD	Equity npv
equity_irr	number	1	Equity irr
equity_irr_status	string	nested structure / not applicable	Equity irr status
currency	string	nested structure / not applicable	Currency

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.economics2.

Example assumptions: t=0 투자, 연말 현금흐름·할인; 정액 감가상각; 적자 세금/손실 이월 혜택 없음; 최종 운전자본 전액 회수, 처분 이익만 과세; 처분 손실 공제 없음; 차입금은 고정 금리 균등 원리금, 원금 말년 정산; project NPV/IRR은 무차입 기준, equity는 차입·이자세금효과 반영; 다중 부호변화의 IRR은 임의의 근을 선택하지 않음

35. economics.sensitivity — 시나리오·민감도·손익분기

Purpose / operating model: OAT 절대 시나리오, project NPV 기준 비교; 확률분석 별도

Equations / algorithm: delta_NPV=NPV_scenario-NPV_base; break-even: project NPV(revenue)=0

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
base_inputs	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Base inputs
variations	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Variations
solve_break_even_revenue	optional / conditional	boolean	declared in object / not applicable	Solve break even revenue

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "base_inputs": {
    "annual_operating_cost": {
      "unit": "USD/year",
      "value": 180.0
    },
    "annual_revenue": 1000000,
    "currency": "USD",
    "discount_rate": 0.1,
    "initial_capital": {
      "unit": "USD",
      "value": 97.08362459440853
    },
    "project_years": 5,
    "tax_rate": 0.2,
    "working_capital": {
      "unit": "USD",
      "value": 30.0
    }
  },
  "variations": [
    {
      "field": "annual_revenue",
      "name": "매출",
      "values": [
        800000,
        1200000
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
baseline_npv	number	USD	Baseline npv
scenarios	array	nested structure / not applicable	Scenarios
ranking	array	nested structure / not applicable	Ranking
break_even_annual_revenue	number	USD/year	Break even annual revenue
currency	string	nested structure / not applicable	Currency

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.economics2.

Example assumptions: 한 번에 한 변수(OAT), 제공된 절대 시나리오 값; 무차입 project NPV 기준 비교·손익분기; 확률 분포·상관관계·Monte Carlo는 별도

36. materials.select — 재질·균일 부식 검토

Purpose / operating model: 제공된 매질·온도·농도·부식률 데이터 범위 내 선별

Equations / algorithm: required_corrosion_allowance=corrosion_rate*design_life

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
fluid_name	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Fluid name
temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Temperature; temperature
concentration	yes	number	1	Concentration; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
design_life	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Design life; time
corrosion_allowance	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Corrosion allowance; length
candidates	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Candidates

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "candidates": [
    {
      "corrosion_rate": {
        "unit": "mm/year",
        "value": 1
      },
      "fluid_name": "F",
      "id": "M1",
      "maximum_concentration": 1,
      "maximum_temperature": 310,
      "minimum_concentration": 0,
      "minimum_temperature": 290,
      "name": "가상재질1",
      "source_note": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님"
    },
    {
      "corrosion_rate": {
        "unit": "mm/year",
        "value": 3
      },
      "fluid_name": "F",
      "id": "M2",
      "maximum_concentration": 1,
      "maximum_temperature": 310,
      "minimum_concentration": 0,
      "minimum_temperature": 290,
      "name": "가상재질2",
      "source_note": "설명·검증용 가정값; 실측 성능이나 실제 견적 아님"
    }
  ],
  "concentration": 0.5,
  "corrosion_allowance": 0.002,
  "design_life": {
    "unit": "year",
    "value": 1
  },
  "fluid_name": "F",
  "temperature": 300
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
eligible_candidates	array	nested structure / not applicable	Eligible candidates
evaluated_candidates	array	nested structure / not applicable	Evaluated candidates

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.design_support2.

Example assumptions: 제공된 매질·온도·농도 범위에서만 비교; 외삽하지 않음; 균일 부식률*수명 기준, 피팅·응력부식·오염·기계강도는 별도; 후보 순위는 부식률 기준이며 최종 재질 승인은 별도

37. controls.review — 계기·제어루프·알람·인터록 초안

Purpose / operating model: 제공된 태그·범위·설정값·동작의 일관성 검토, 독립 단순 루프

Equations / algorithm: range, alarm/trip ordering, tag consistency

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
equipment_tags	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Equipment tags
loops	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Loops

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "equipment_tags": [
    "E-101"
  ],
  "loops": [
    {
      "controller_tag": "TIC-101",
      "equipment_tag": "E-101",
      "final_element_tag": "TV-101",
      "high_alarm": 80,
      "high_trip": 90,
      "high_trip_action": "사용자 지정 고온 정지",
      "loop_tag": "TIC-101",
      "low_alarm": 20,
      "low_trip": 10,
      "low_trip_action": "사용자 지정 저온 정지",
      "maximum_value": 100,
      "measurement_tag": "TT-101",
      "minimum_value": 0,
      "setpoint": 50,
      "unit": "degC",
      "variable": "temperature"
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
loops	array	nested structure / not applicable	Loops
instrument_index	array	nested structure / not applicable	Instrument index
interlocks	array	nested structure / not applicable	Interlocks
review_status	string	nested structure / not applicable	Review status

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.design_support2.

Example assumptions: 사용자가 지정한 장치·계기·알람·트립·동작을 검토하고 초안으로 정리; 단순 독립 루프; cascade·override·SIL·동특성 튜닝은 별도; 각 limits 값은 SI 단위 객체로 보존

38. thermal.pinch — 핀치·복합곡선·최소 유틸리티

Purpose / operating model: 일정 CP 현열 스트림 열 캐스케이드

Equations / algorithm: shift ±DTmin/2; QHmin=-min(cascade)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
minimum_approach	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	delta_K	Minimum approach; temperature_difference
streams	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Streams

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "minimum_approach": 10,
  "streams": [
    {
      "name": "hot",
      "inlet_temperature": 400,
      "outlet_temperature": 300,
      "heat_capacity_flow_W_K": 100
    },
    {
      "name": "cold",
      "inlet_temperature": 290,
      "outlet_temperature": 390,
      "heat_capacity_flow_W_K": 100
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
minimum_heating	integer	W	Minimum heating
minimum_cooling	number	W	Minimum cooling
maximum_heat_recovery	number	W	Maximum heat recovery
intervals	array	nested structure / not applicable	Intervals
pinch_temperatures	array	nested structure / not applicable	Pinch temperatures
grand_composite_curve	array	nested structure / not applicable	Grand composite curve
hot_composite	array	nested structure / not applicable	Hot composite
cold_composite	array	nested structure / not applicable	Cold composite

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 정상상태 일정 열용량 유량; 등온 잠열 제외; 온도 시프트 ±ΔTmin/2, 열 캐스케이드; 열교환망 배치 최적화는 별도

39. process.routes — 공정경로·입지 대안·Pareto 비교

Purpose / operating model: 지정 대안·제약·정규화 가중 점수

Equations / algorithm: constraint screening; min-max score; Pareto

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
weights	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Weights
alternatives	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Alternatives

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "weights": {
    "cost": {
      "weight": 0.5,
      "direction": "min"
    },
    "CO2": {
      "weight": 0.5,
      "direction": "min",
      "limit": 200
    }
  },
  "alternatives": [
    {
      "name": "A",
      "metrics": {
        "cost": 100,
        "CO2": 150
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "B",
      "metrics": {
        "cost": 120,
        "CO2": 100
      }
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
alternatives	array	nested structure / not applicable	Alternatives
recommended	string	nested structure / not applicable	Recommended

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 사전 정의 대안의 제약·min-max 정규화 가중 점수(낮을수록 우수)·Pareto 비교; 지표 단위·경계는 대안 간 동일하게 준비; 범용 자동 공정 합성 제외

40. vessel.preliminary — 내압 용기 동체·헤드·중량 예비 계산

Purpose / operating model: 원통·2:1 타원 헤드; 코드 인증 아님

Equations / algorithm: t=PD/(2(SE-0.6P)); t_head=PD/(2SE-0.2P)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
design_pressure_difference	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Design pressure difference; pressure
inside_diameter	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Inside diameter; length
straight_length	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Straight length; length
allowable_stress	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Allowable stress; pressure
joint_efficiency	yes	number	1	Joint efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
corrosion_allowance	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Corrosion allowance; length
minimum_fabrication_thickness	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Minimum fabrication thickness; length
material_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Material density; density
code_basis	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Code basis
code_edition	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Code edition
stress_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Stress source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "design_pressure_difference": 1000000.0,
  "inside_diameter": 1,
  "straight_length": 3,
  "allowable_stress": 100000000.0,
  "joint_efficiency": 0.85,
  "corrosion_allowance": 0.002,
  "minimum_fabrication_thickness": 0.005,
  "material_density": 7850,
  "code_basis": "문헌 예비 내압식; 실제 코드 검토 별도",
  "code_edition": "Towler/Sinnott 2판 2013; 인증 규격 아님",
  "stress_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
shell_thickness	number	m	Shell thickness
head_thickness	number	m	Head thickness
estimated_empty_mass	number	kg	Estimated empty mass
code_basis	string	nested structure / not applicable	Code basis
code_edition	string	nested structure / not applicable	Code edition
stress_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Stress source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 문헌 내압 원통·2:1 타원 헤드 식; 완전 부식 상태에 부식여유 추가; 외압·좌굴·노즐·지지·피로·풍하중·지진·가공 공차 및 시험압력 검토 제외; 입력 코드·판본 및 온도별 허용응력은 설계자의 검토 근거

41. reactor.ideal — 등온 CSTR·PFR·배치 반응기

Purpose / operating model: 일정 밀도·단일 power-law 반응

Equations / algorithm: V_CSTR=FA0 X/rA; V_PFR=FA0 integral(dX/rA)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
reactor_type	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Reactor type; choices: ('CSTR', 'PFR', 'batch')
inlet_concentration_mol_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Inlet concentration mol m3
rate_constant_SI	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Rate constant si
reaction_order	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Reaction order
conversion	yes	number	1	Conversion; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
kinetics_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Kinetics source
reaction_enthalpy_J_mol	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Reaction enthalpy j mol
volume_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
charge_volume	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3	Charge volume; volume

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "reactor_type": "CSTR",
  "inlet_concentration_mol_m3": 100,
  "rate_constant_SI": 0.1,
  "reaction_order": 1,
  "conversion": 0.5,
  "kinetics_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "volume_flow": 0.01,
  "reaction_enthalpy_J_mol": -10000
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
exit_concentration_mol_m3	number	mol/m3	Exit concentration mol m3
reaction_time	number	s	Reaction time
kinetics_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Kinetics source
active_volume	number	m3	Active volume
residence_time	number	s	Residence time
heat_duty	number	W	Heat duty

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 등온·일정 밀도·단일 비가역 power-law 반응 -rA=k CA^n; k 단위=(mol/m3)^(1-n)/s; 사용자 속도식 자료의 온도에서만 유효; 활성 부피, 공간여유·전열·촉매·폭주 검토 별도; 양의 열부하는 흡열

42. separator.gravity — 기액·액액 중력 분리조

Purpose / operating model: 지정 액적/계수·비포밍 예비 설계

Equations / algorithm: u=K sqrt((rhoL-rhoV)/rhoV); Stokes; V=Q t

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
mode	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Mode; choices: ('vapor_liquid', 'liquid_liquid')
continuous_volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Continuous volume flow; volume_flow
light_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Light density; density
heavy_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Heavy density; density
residence_time	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Residence time; time
working_fraction	yes	number	1	Working fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
souders_brown_coefficient	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m/s	Souders brown coefficient; velocity
liquid_volume_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Liquid volume flow; volume_flow
droplet_diameter	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Droplet diameter; length
continuous_viscosity	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa*s	Continuous viscosity; viscosity

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "mode": "vapor_liquid",
  "continuous_volume_flow": 0.1,
  "light_density": 2,
  "heavy_density": 1000,
  "residence_time": 120,
  "working_fraction": 0.7,
  "souders_brown_coefficient": 0.1,
  "liquid_volume_flow": 0.001
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
allowable_velocity	number	m/s	Allowable velocity
cross_section_area	number	m2	Cross section area
minimum_diameter	number	m	Minimum diameter
working_volume	number	m3	Working volume
total_volume	number	m3	Total volume

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 비포밍 중력 분리 예비 크기; 지정 액적/계수·체류시간; 직경과 체류 용량 제약을 각각 만족하는 실제 형상은 별도 설계

43. separation.adsorption — 흡착 작업용량·베드

Purpose / operating model: 단일 성분 Langmuir·지정 이용률

Equations / algorithm: q=qmax bC/(1+bC); M=load/(delta_q utilization)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
solute_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Solute mass flow; mass_flow
adsorption_time	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Adsorption time; time
langmuir_capacity_kg_kg	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Langmuir capacity kg kg
langmuir_affinity_m3_kg	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Langmuir affinity m3 kg
feed_concentration_kg_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Feed concentration kg m3
regeneration_concentration_kg_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Regeneration concentration kg m3
bed_utilization	yes	number	1	Bed utilization; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
bulk_density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Bulk density; density
performance_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Performance source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "solute_mass_flow": 0.001,
  "adsorption_time": 3600,
  "langmuir_capacity_kg_kg": 0.2,
  "langmuir_affinity_m3_kg": 1,
  "feed_concentration_kg_m3": 1,
  "regeneration_concentration_kg_m3": 0,
  "bed_utilization": 0.8,
  "bulk_density": 500,
  "performance_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
working_capacity	number	kg/kg	Working capacity
adsorbent_mass	number	kg	Adsorbent mass
bed_volume	number	m3	Bed volume
performance_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Performance source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: Langmuir 평형 작업용량·지정 베드 이용률; 단일 용질; 파과곡선·경쟁흡착·재생 열부하 별도

44. separation.membrane — 막분리 투과량·면적·물질수지

Purpose / operating model: 지정 투과도·배제율 일정

Equations / algorithm: J=Lp(deltaP-deltaPi); A=Qp/J

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
feed_volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Feed volume flow; volume_flow
water_recovery	yes	number	1	Water recovery; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
solute_rejection	yes	number	1	Solute rejection; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
feed_concentration_kg_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Feed concentration kg m3
hydraulic_permeability_m_Pa_s	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Hydraulic permeability m pa s
pressure_difference	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Pressure difference; pressure
osmotic_pressure_difference	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Osmotic pressure difference; pressure
performance_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Performance source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "feed_volume_flow": 0.01,
  "water_recovery": 0.5,
  "solute_rejection": 0.9,
  "feed_concentration_kg_m3": 1,
  "hydraulic_permeability_m_Pa_s": 1e-10,
  "pressure_difference": 200000.0,
  "osmotic_pressure_difference": 100000.0,
  "performance_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
permeate_flow	number	m3/s	Permeate flow
retentate_flow	number	m3/s	Retentate flow
membrane_area	number	m2	Membrane area
permeate_concentration	number	kg/m3	Permeate concentration
retentate_concentration	number	kg/m3	Retentate concentration
performance_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Performance source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 지정 투과도·배제율 일정; 용매 부피수지·용질 질량수지; 농도분극·오염·막 수명·축방향 압력손실 별도

45. separation.ion_exchange — 이온교환 수지·재생량

Purpose / operating model: 지정 등가 작업용량

Equations / algorithm: V=Q C t/(capacity utilization)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
ionic_load_eq_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Ionic load eq m3
service_time	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Service time; time
resin_capacity_eq_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Resin capacity eq m3
capacity_utilization	yes	number	1	Capacity utilization; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
regenerant_kg_per_eq	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Regenerant kg per eq
performance_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Performance source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "volume_flow": 0.001,
  "ionic_load_eq_m3": 2,
  "service_time": 3600,
  "resin_capacity_eq_m3": 1000,
  "capacity_utilization": 0.8,
  "regenerant_kg_per_eq": 0.1,
  "performance_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
resin_volume	number	m3	Resin volume
cycle_load_eq	number	eq	Cycle load eq
regenerant_mass	number	kg	Regenerant mass
performance_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Performance source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 수지 제조사 작업용량·재생 소비계수 입력; 경쟁 이온·파과 해석 별도

46. separation.crystallization — 결정화·침전 평형 수지

Purpose / operating model: 무수 결정·용매 증발·평형 용해도

Equations / algorithm: crystals=solute_in-solubility*remaining_solvent

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
feed_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Feed mass flow; mass_flow
feed_solute_fraction	yes	number	1	Feed solute fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
solubility_kg_per_kg_solvent	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Solubility kg per kg solvent
solubility_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Solubility source
solvent_evaporated_fraction	optional / conditional	integer	1	Solvent evaporated fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "feed_mass_flow": 10,
  "feed_solute_fraction": 0.3,
  "solubility_kg_per_kg_solvent": 0.2,
  "solvent_evaporated_fraction": 0,
  "solubility_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
crystal_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Crystal mass flow
mother_liquor_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Mother liquor mass flow
vapor_mass_flow	number	kg/s	Vapor mass flow
solute_recovery	number	1	Solute recovery
mass_residual	number	kg/s	Mass residual
solubility_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Solubility source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 무수 순수 결정·용매만 증발·평형 용해도; 수화물·입도 분포·핵생성·모액 동반은 별도

47. design.optimize — 제약조건 단일변수 설계 탐색

Purpose / operating model: 2~200점 유계 격자 탐색; 연속 최적성 보장 없음

Equations / algorithm: feasible grid argmin/argmax

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
method	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Method
base_inputs	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Base inputs
variable	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Variable
objective	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Objective
direction	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Direction; choices: ('min', 'max')
lower	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Lower
upper	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Upper
grid_points	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Grid points
constraints	optional / conditional	object	declared in object / not applicable	Constraints

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "method": "reactor.ideal",
  "base_inputs": {
    "reactor_type": "CSTR",
    "inlet_concentration_mol_m3": 100,
    "rate_constant_SI": 0.1,
    "reaction_order": 1,
    "kinetics_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
    "volume_flow": 0.01
  },
  "variable": "conversion",
  "objective": "active_volume",
  "direction": "min",
  "lower": 0.2,
  "upper": 0.8,
  "grid_points": 7,
  "constraints": {
    "exit_concentration_mol_m3": {
      "maximum": 60
    }
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
best	object	nested structure / not applicable	Best
evaluations	array	nested structure / not applicable	Evaluations
feasible_count	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Feasible count

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 단일 변수 유계 전수 격자 탐색; 격자 내 최선이며 연속/전역 최적성 증명 아님; 변수는 해당 계산의 숫자 단독 SI 규약을 사용

48. economics.uncertainty — 경제성 Monte Carlo 불확실성

Purpose / operating model: 독립 일양·삼각 분포, 2000회 이하

Equations / algorithm: sample NPV; empirical quantiles

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
base_inputs	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Base inputs
samples	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Samples
seed	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Seed
distributions	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Distributions

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "base_inputs": {
    "currency": "USD",
    "project_years": 10,
    "initial_capital": 1000000,
    "annual_revenue": 400000,
    "annual_operating_cost": 200000,
    "discount_rate": 0.08
  },
  "samples": 100,
  "seed": 42,
  "distributions": {
    "annual_revenue": {
      "distribution": "triangular",
      "minimum": 300000,
      "mode": 400000,
      "maximum": 500000
    }
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
mean_npv	number	USD	Mean npv
p05_npv	number	USD	P05 npv
p50_npv	number	USD	P50 npv
p95_npv	number	USD	P95 npv
probability_positive_npv	number	nested structure / not applicable	Probability positive npv
seed	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Seed
samples	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Samples

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 독립 일양/삼각 분포 Monte Carlo; 상관관계 모형 없음; 단가·비용·분포는 사용자 가정, 표본 확률은 금융 수익 보장 아님

49. safety.hazop_fmea — HAZOP·FMEA·조치 검토 기록

Purpose / operating model: 사용자 위험 기록·담당·종결 근거; 자동 안전 승인 아님

Equations / algorithm: RPN=S*O*D

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
node_tags	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Node tags
reviews	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Reviews

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "node_tags": [
    "T-101"
  ],
  "reviews": [
    {
      "id": "R1",
      "node": "T-101",
      "deviation": "고압",
      "cause": "응축 냉각 상실",
      "consequence": "용기 과압",
      "severity": 8,
      "occurrence": 3,
      "detection": 4,
      "safeguards": [
        "압력 알람"
      ],
      "recommendation": "방출 시나리오 전문 검토",
      "owner": "공정 검토자",
      "status": "open"
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
reviews	array	nested structure / not applicable	Reviews
open_actions	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Open actions
maximum_rpn	integer	1	Maximum rpn

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 사용자가 작성한 HAZOP/FMEA 검토 기록·권고·담당·종결 근거 보존; 자동 위험 발견을 보장하지 않음

50. safety.relief — 단상 방출 오리피스 예비 면적

Purpose / operating model: 기체/비압축성 액체; 인증 용량·규격 적합 판정 아님

Equations / algorithm: A=mass_flow/mass_flux

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
fluid_model	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Fluid model; choices: ('incompressible_liquid', 'ideal_gas')
relief_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Relief mass flow; mass_flow
relieving_absolute_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Relieving absolute pressure; pressure
back_absolute_pressure	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	Pa	Back absolute pressure; pressure
discharge_coefficient	yes	number	1	Discharge coefficient; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
combined_correction	yes	integer	1	Combined correction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
scenario	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Scenario
code_basis	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Code basis
code_edition	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Code edition
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source
density	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
heat_capacity_ratio	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Heat capacity ratio
molar_mass	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/mol	Molar mass; molar_mass
temperature	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Temperature; temperature
compressibility_factor	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Compressibility factor

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "fluid_model": "ideal_gas",
  "relief_mass_flow": 1,
  "relieving_absolute_pressure": 300000,
  "back_absolute_pressure": 100000,
  "discharge_coefficient": 0.8,
  "combined_correction": 1,
  "scenario": "사용자 지정 정상 단상 방출 부하",
  "code_basis": "일반 단상 오리피스 식; 인증 아님",
  "code_edition": "교재 2013 예비 모델",
  "coefficient_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "heat_capacity_ratio": 1.4,
  "molar_mass": 0.02897,
  "temperature": 300
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
required_area	number	m2	Required area
choked	boolean	nested structure / not applicable	Choked
scenario	string	nested structure / not applicable	Scenario
code_basis	string	nested structure / not applicable	Code basis
code_edition	string	nested structure / not applicable	Code edition
coefficient_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Coefficient source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 정상 단상 오리피스 식; 2상·반응폭주·점성·액체 기화·배관 배압 해석 별도

51. environment.inventory — 온실가스·폐수·폐기물·용수 부하

Purpose / operating model: 명시 경계·출처별 활동량; 전과정 LCA·허가 판정 별도

Equations / algorithm: emission=activity*factor; waste=stream*disposition

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
annual_operating_hours	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Annual operating hours
boundary	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Boundary
inventory_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Inventory source
streams	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Streams
activities	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Activities
water_withdrawal_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Water withdrawal flow; volume_flow
water_consumption_fraction	yes	number	1	Water consumption fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_operating_hours": 8000,
  "boundary": "예시 지정 경계",
  "inventory_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "streams": [
    {
      "tag": "product",
      "mass_flow": 1,
      "disposition": {
        "product": 0.9,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 0.1,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      },
      "pollutant_mass_fractions": {
        "methanol": 0.01
      }
    }
  ],
  "activities": [
    {
      "name": "purchased electricity",
      "scope": "scope2",
      "annual_quantity": 1000,
      "activity_unit": "kWh",
      "kg_CO2e_per_unit": 0.4,
      "factor_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
    }
  ],
  "water_withdrawal_flow": 0.001,
  "water_consumption_fraction": 0.5
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
annual_disposition_kg	object	nested structure / not applicable	Annual disposition kg
annual_pollutants_kg	object	nested structure / not applicable	Annual pollutants kg
annual_scope_CO2e_kg	object	nested structure / not applicable	Annual scope co2e kg
annual_CO2e	number	kg CO2e/year	Annual co2e
annual_water_withdrawal	number	m3/year	Annual water withdrawal
annual_water_consumption	number	m3/year	Annual water consumption
CO2e_per_kg_product	number	kg CO2e/kg	Co2e per kg product
streams	array	nested structure / not applicable	Streams
emission_activities	array	nested structure / not applicable	Emission activities
boundary	string	nested structure / not applicable	Boundary
inventory_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Inventory source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.assessment.

Example assumptions: 사용자 활동량×동일 단위 기준의 배출계수; 지정 경계만 포함; 기체 제품은 자동 대기 배출로 간주하지 않음; 처분 비율로 구분; 계수·GWP·연도·지역·공급원은 factor_source에 명시; 법적 배출 적합 판정이나 전과정 LCA 인증 아님; 냉각수 순환량과 취수·소비량을 구분; 대기/폐수의 오염물질 부하는 처리 후 환경 유입 예측과 구분

52. layout.review — 2D 배치·이격·배관거리 검토

Purpose / operating model: 제공 설치 경계·이격 근거; 3D·법규 자동 판단 아님

Equations / algorithm: clearance=distance-r1-r2

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
equipment	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Equipment
connections	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Connections

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "equipment": [
    {
      "tag": "A",
      "x": 0,
      "y": 0,
      "footprint_radius": 1
    },
    {
      "tag": "B",
      "x": 10,
      "y": 0,
      "footprint_radius": 1
    }
  ],
  "connections": [
    {
      "from": "A",
      "to": "B",
      "required_clearance": 5,
      "clearance_basis": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
connections	array	nested structure / not applicable	Connections
total_rectilinear_pipe_length	number	m	Total rectilinear pipe length
violations	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Violations

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 2D 원형 설치 경계·직교 배관거리 예비 검토; 접근성·피난·법정 이격은 사용자 요구 거리 근거로 검토; 3D/구조설계 별도

53. properties.interpolate — 온도별 사용자 물성 보간

Purpose / operating model: 구간 선형 보간·범위 외 거부

Equations / algorithm: piecewise linear interpolation

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Temperature; temperature
property_unit	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Property unit
source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Source
points	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Points

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "temperature": 310,
  "property_unit": "kg/m3",
  "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "points": [
    {
      "temperature": 300,
      "value": 1000
    },
    {
      "temperature": 320,
      "value": 980
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
property_value	number	kg/m3	Property value
source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 사용자 검증 물성의 온도별 구간 선형 보간; 압력·조성 기준은 입력 출처에서 관리

54. pump.operating_point — 제조사 곡선·시스템 운전점

Purpose / operating model: 단조 Q-H 곡선 구간 보간·범위 내 교점

Equations / algorithm: Hpump(Q)=Hstatic+K Q^2

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
static_head	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m	Static head; length
system_resistance_s2_m5	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	System resistance s2 m5
density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
pump_efficiency	yes	number	1	Pump efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
curve_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Curve source
curve	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Curve

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "static_head": 10,
  "system_resistance_s2_m5": 100000,
  "density": 1000,
  "pump_efficiency": 0.8,
  "curve_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "curve": [
    {
      "volume_flow": 0,
      "head": 30
    },
    {
      "volume_flow": 0.02,
      "head": 10
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
operating_volume_flow	number	m3/s	Operating volume flow
operating_head	number	m	Operating head
shaft_power	number	W	Shaft power
curve_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Curve source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 제공 제조사 Q-H 구간 선형 보간·단조 시스템 H=Hstatic+KQ²; 곡선 외삽·NPSH·최소연속유량·가변속도 선정 별도

55. utilities.inventory — 전력·스팀·질소·공기 등 집계

Purpose / operating model: 유틸리티·차원별 소요량 합산

Equations / algorithm: annual=rate*operating_time

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
annual_operating_hours	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Annual operating hours
consumers	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Consumers

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_operating_hours": 8000,
  "consumers": [
    {
      "tag": "P1",
      "utility": "electricity",
      "dimension": "power",
      "demand": {
        "value": 1,
        "unit": "kW"
      }
    },
    {
      "tag": "N1",
      "utility": "nitrogen",
      "dimension": "mass_flow",
      "demand": 0.01
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
totals	array	nested structure / not applicable	Totals
consumers	array	nested structure / not applicable	Consumers

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 스팀·냉수·전력·질소·공기 등 사용자 지정 유틸리티별 합계; 서로 다른 차원은 합산하지 않음

56. hydraulics.economic — 경제 관경 대안 비교

Purpose / operating model: 동일 유량 후보 설치비+압손 전력비

Equations / algorithm: annual_cost=capital*charge+Q deltaP/eff*hours*price

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
hydraulic_inputs	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Hydraulic inputs
currency	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Currency
pump_efficiency	yes	number	1	Pump efficiency; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
electricity_price_per_kWh	yes	object	USD/kWh	Electricity price per kwh
annual_operating_hours	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Annual operating hours
annual_capital_charge_fraction	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Annual capital charge fraction
cost_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Cost source
candidates	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Candidates

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "hydraulic_inputs": {
    "volume_flow": 0.001,
    "density": 1000,
    "viscosity": 0.001,
    "length": 100,
    "roughness": 1e-05
  },
  "currency": "USD",
  "pump_efficiency": 0.8,
  "electricity_price_per_kWh": {
    "value": 0.1,
    "unit": "USD/kWh"
  },
  "annual_operating_hours": 8000,
  "annual_capital_charge_fraction": 0.1,
  "cost_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "candidates": [
    {
      "name": "50 mm",
      "diameter": 0.05,
      "installed_cost": 10000
    },
    {
      "name": "80 mm",
      "diameter": 0.08,
      "installed_cost": 15000
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
candidates	array	nested structure / not applicable	Candidates
recommended	string	nested structure / not applicable	Recommended
minimum_annualized_cost	number	USD/year	Minimum annualized cost
cost_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Cost source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 사용자 후보 관경·설치비의 연간 자본비+압력손실 전력비 비교; 정상 단상 비압축성; 정수압·구매 펌프·유량 제어 비용은 별도; 실제 시장 가격 자동 가정 없음

57. assessment.process — 공정 연계 경제성·환경성 종합 평가

Purpose / operating model: 명시 견적·단가·처분·배출계수·경계; 가정 예비 평가

Equations / algorithm: process -> utilities -> CAPEX/OPEX/revenue -> NPV/IRR + inventory

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
process_metrics	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Process metrics
basis	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Basis
process_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Process source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "process_metrics": {
    "feed_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "feed_temperature": {
      "value": 293.15,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "feed_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "feed_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1829.7033412351411,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "feed_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "feed_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "pumped_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "pumped_temperature": {
      "value": 293.1699670003287,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "pumped_pressure": {
      "value": 301325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "pumped_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1829.4112559390717,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "pumped_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "pumped_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "heated_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "heated_temperature": {
      "value": 319.42640660747713,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "heated_pressure": {
      "value": 281325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "heated_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1731.8989766316238,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "heated_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "heated_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "column_feed_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "column_feed_temperature": {
      "value": 319.4795128904956,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "column_feed_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "column_feed_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1731.8989394475432,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "column_feed_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "column_feed_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "distillate_mass": {
      "value": 0.7106573503632283,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "distillate_temperature": {
      "value": 339.8738838298527,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "distillate_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "distillate_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1117.2827787155925,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "distillate_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9378332377048909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "distillate_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.06216676229510909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "flash_feed_mass": {
      "value": 0.7106573503632283,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "flash_feed_temperature": {
      "value": 330.710626368568,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "flash_feed_pressure": {
      "value": 70000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "flash_feed_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1117.2827785628429,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "flash_feed_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9378332377048909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "flash_feed_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.06216676229510909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "gas_mass": {
      "value": 0.020426691452446737,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "gas_temperature": {
      "value": 330.710626368568,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "gas_pressure": {
      "value": 70000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "gas_enthalpy": {
      "value": 46.671510831617,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "gas_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9843964489437684,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "gas_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.01560355105623159,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "liquid_mass": {
      "value": 0.6902306588994397,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "liquid_temperature": {
      "value": 330.710626368568,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "liquid_pressure": {
      "value": 70000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "liquid_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1151.7288507963228,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "liquid_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9364552456495976,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "liquid_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.06354475435040237,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "bottoms_mass": {
      "value": 0.6732268957428085,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "bottoms_temperature": {
      "value": 371.65525532191174,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "bottoms_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "bottoms_enthalpy": {
      "value": -2081.499268318897,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "bottoms_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.03807261118878612,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "bottoms_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9619273888112139,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "hot_in_mass": {
      "value": 2.0,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "hot_in_temperature": {
      "value": 368.15,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "hot_in_pressure": {
      "value": 300000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "hot_in_enthalpy": {
      "value": -2142.823991983974,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "hot_out_mass": {
      "value": 2.0,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "hot_out_temperature": {
      "value": 352.7677340571156,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "hot_out_pressure": {
      "value": 290000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "hot_out_enthalpy": {
      "value": -2210.296802705594,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "shaft_power": {
      "value": 0.4042109395812837,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "heat_duty": {
      "value": 134.9456214428584,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "engine_area": {
      "value": 5.0,
      "unit": "m2"
    },
    "reboiler_raw": {
      "value": -2729.6217947077225,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "condenser_raw": {
      "value": 2528.205228978433,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "stage_count": {
      "value": 8.0,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "methanol_purity": {
      "value": 0.8945334882210616,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "gas_methanol_purity": {
      "value": 0.9725802062188924,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "liquid_methanol_purity": {
      "value": 0.8923059262391173,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "reboiler_duty": {
      "value": 2729.6217947077225,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "condenser_duty": {
      "value": 2528.205228978433,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "electric_power": {
      "value": 0.4491232662014263,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "hot_water_duty": {
      "value": 134945.6,
      "unit": "W"
    }
  },
  "basis": {
    "currency": "USD",
    "annual_operating_hours": 8000,
    "project_years": 10,
    "discount_rate": 0.08,
    "tax_rate": 0.2,
    "cost_and_factor_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
    "basis_date": "2026-11-04",
    "steam_specific_energy": {
      "value": 2100,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "cooling_water_heat_capacity": 4200,
    "cooling_water_temperature_rise": 10,
    "auxiliary_electric_power": {
      "value": 5,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "cooling_water_makeup_fraction": 0.02,
    "water_density": 1000,
    "water_consumption_fraction": 0.5,
    "steam_price_per_kg": {
      "value": 0.025,
      "unit": "USD/kg"
    },
    "electricity_price_per_kWh": {
      "value": 0.12,
      "unit": "USD/kWh"
    },
    "hot_water_price_per_GJ": {
      "value": 10,
      "unit": "USD/GJ"
    },
    "makeup_water_price_per_m3": {
      "value": 1,
      "unit": "USD/m3"
    },
    "feed_price_per_kg": {
      "value": 0.2,
      "unit": "USD/kg"
    },
    "waste_treatment_price_per_kg": {
      "value": 0.03,
      "unit": "USD/kg"
    },
    "annual_fixed_operating_cost": {
      "value": 100000,
      "unit": "USD/year"
    },
    "working_capital": 100000,
    "installed_cost_factor": 3,
    "contingency_fraction": 0.15,
    "carbon_price_per_tonne": {
      "value": 30,
      "unit": "USD/tCO2e"
    },
    "equipment_costs": [
      {
        "tag": "P-101",
        "capacity_metric": "shaft_power",
        "capacity_dimension": "power",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 1000,
          "unit": "W"
        },
        "reference_cost": 5000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      {
        "tag": "E-101",
        "capacity_metric": "engine_area",
        "capacity_dimension": "area",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 5,
          "unit": "m2"
        },
        "reference_cost": 15000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      {
        "tag": "T-101",
        "capacity_metric": "feed_mass",
        "capacity_dimension": "mass_flow",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 1.3838832,
          "unit": "kg/s"
        },
        "reference_cost": 200000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      {
        "tag": "S-101",
        "capacity_metric": "distillate_mass",
        "capacity_dimension": "mass_flow",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 0.71,
          "unit": "kg/s"
        },
        "reference_cost": 20000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      }
    ],
    "stream_disposition": {
      "GAS": {
        "product": 1,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 0,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      },
      "LIQUID": {
        "product": 1,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 0,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      },
      "BOTTOMS": {
        "product": 0,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 1,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      }
    },
    "product_price_per_kg": {
      "GAS": {
        "value": 0.7,
        "unit": "USD/kg"
      },
      "LIQUID": {
        "value": 0.6,
        "unit": "USD/kg"
      },
      "BOTTOMS": {
        "value": 0,
        "unit": "USD/kg"
      }
    },
    "minimum_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "GAS": 0,
      "LIQUID": 0,
      "BOTTOMS": 0
    },
    "emission_factors": {
      "electricity": {
        "value": 0.4,
        "unit": "kgCO2e/kWh",
        "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      "steam": {
        "value": 0.15,
        "unit": "kgCO2e/kg",
        "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      "hot_water": {
        "value": 60,
        "unit": "kgCO2e/GJ",
        "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      }
    },
    "additional_emission_activities": []
  },
  "process_source": "가정 예제; 계약 fixture 기반 공정량, 현장 데이터 아님"
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
purchase_cost	number	USD	Purchase cost
initial_capital	number	USD	Initial capital
annual_operating_cost	number	USD/year	Annual operating cost
annual_revenue	number	USD/year	Annual revenue
annual_operating_margin	number	USD/year	Annual operating margin
npv	number	USD	Npv
irr	number	1	Irr
payback_years	number	year	Payback years
annual_CO2e	number	kg CO2e/year	Annual co2e
CO2e_per_kg_product	number	kg CO2e/kg	Co2e per kg product
annual_water_withdrawal	number	m3/year	Annual water withdrawal
annual_water_consumption	number	m3/year	Annual water consumption
annual_waste_mass	number	kg/year	Annual waste mass
annual_air_mass	number	kg/year	Annual air mass
annual_product_mass	number	kg/year	Annual product mass
operating_cost_per_kg_product	number	USD/kg	Operating cost per kg product
annual_cost_breakdown	object	nested structure / not applicable	Annual cost breakdown
equipment_costs	array	nested structure / not applicable	Equipment costs
environmental_inventory	object	nested structure / not applicable	Environmental inventory
cash_flow_schedule	array	nested structure / not applicable	Cash flow schedule
project_cash_flows	array	nested structure / not applicable	Project cash flows
basis_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Basis source
process_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Process source
basis_date	string	nested structure / not applicable	Basis date

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.assessment.

Example assumptions: 공급원별 비용/배출계수·설비 견적·설치계수는 사용자 입력; 현재 시장 가격 자동 조회 없음; 계산된 스팀·온수 공급 열과 펌프 및 지정 보조 전력 포함; 장치 견적 목록의 범위는 입력 책임; 냉각수 순환량×지정 보충률로 취수 산정; 배관/밸브 등 투자비는 설치계수 또는 견적에 포함해야 함; 처분/판매 비율과 순도 기준 명시; 회수 제품의 재순환 공정은 자동 재수렴하지 않음; 구매 에너지는 scope2로 분류; 현장 보일러는 추가 활동 및 경계 변경이 필요; 가정 시나리오 경제성·환경성 평가이며 투자 수익·배출 허가·실제 성능 인증 아님

58. balance.recycle — 전환·회수·퍼지 재순환 수지

Purpose / operating model: 단일 반응물 선형 정상 재순환 고정점

Equations / algorithm: Freactor=Ffresh/(1-(1-X)*recovery*(1-purge))

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
fresh_reactant_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	mol/s	Fresh reactant flow; molar_flow
single_pass_conversion	yes	number	1	Single pass conversion; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
unreacted_recovery	yes	number	1	Unreacted recovery; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies
purge_fraction	yes	number	1	Purge fraction; fraction, 0–1 unless a stricter method condition applies

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "fresh_reactant_flow": 100,
  "single_pass_conversion": 0.5,
  "unreacted_recovery": 0.9,
  "purge_fraction": 0.1
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
reactor_reactant_feed	number	mol/s	Reactor reactant feed
recycle_flow	number	mol/s	Recycle flow
converted_reactant_flow	number	mol/s	Converted reactant flow
purge_flow	number	mol/s	Purge flow
unrecovered_flow	number	mol/s	Unrecovered flow
overall_conversion	number	1	Overall conversion
fresh_balance_residual	number	mol/s	Fresh balance residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.advanced.

Example assumptions: 단일 반응물·지정 단회 전환율/미반응 회수율·퍼지; 선형 재순환 정상 고정점 해석해; 다성분 비선형 열역학 재순환은 별도 DWSIM 공정 필요

59. environment.treatment — 대기·폐수·폐기물 처리단계 부하 비교

Purpose / operating model: 제공 물질별 제거율·직렬 처리 단계; 제거=소멸 아님

Equations / algorithm: outlet=inlet*product(1-removal_fraction)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
annual_operating_hours	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Annual operating hours
inlet_pollutant_mass_flows	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Inlet pollutant mass flows
performance_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Performance source
stages	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Stages

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "annual_operating_hours": 8000,
  "inlet_pollutant_mass_flows": {
    "VOC": {
      "value": 0.1,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    }
  },
  "performance_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "stages": [
    {
      "name": "capture",
      "removal_fractions": {
        "VOC": 0.9
      },
      "electric_power": 1000,
      "coefficient_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
    },
    {
      "name": "polish",
      "removal_fractions": {
        "VOC": 0.5
      },
      "electric_power": 500,
      "coefficient_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
outlet_pollutant_mass_flows	object	kg/s	Outlet pollutant mass flows
annual_outlet_pollutant_mass	object	kg/year	Annual outlet pollutant mass
removed_loads	object	kg/s	Removed loads
electric_power	number	W	Electric power
annual_electricity	number	kWh/year	Annual electricity
stages	array	nested structure / not applicable	Stages
performance_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Performance source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.assessment.

Example assumptions: 제공 제거율의 직렬 처리단계 대안 모델; 물질별 제거 부하를 별도로 기록; 제거량은 소멸을 의미하지 않으며 포집물·슬러지·전환 생성물의 후속 수지는 별도; 대기 확산·독성·수질 기준·허가 적합 판정 별도

60. environment.receiving_water — 방류 수질·열오염 완전혼합 수지

Purpose / operating model: 단순 완전혼합·열부하; 방류 허가 모델 아님

Equations / algorithm: Cmix=sum(Q*C)/sum(Q); heat=Q*rho*Cp*dT

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
receiving_volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Receiving volume flow; volume_flow
effluent_volume_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Effluent volume flow; volume_flow
receiving_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Receiving temperature; temperature
effluent_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Effluent temperature; temperature
density	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/m3	Density; density
heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Heat capacity; heat_capacity
mixing_basis	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Mixing basis
receiving_concentrations_kg_m3	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Receiving concentrations kg m3
effluent_concentrations_kg_m3	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Effluent concentrations kg m3

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "receiving_volume_flow": 9,
  "effluent_volume_flow": 1,
  "receiving_temperature": 293.15,
  "effluent_temperature": 313.15,
  "density": 1000,
  "heat_capacity": 4200,
  "mixing_basis": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "receiving_concentrations_kg_m3": {
    "A": 0.001
  },
  "effluent_concentrations_kg_m3": {
    "A": 0.011
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
mixed_temperature	number	K	Mixed temperature
mixed_concentrations_kg_m3	object	kg/m3	Mixed concentrations kg m3
thermal_discharge	number	W	Thermal discharge
mixing_basis	string	nested structure / not applicable	Mixing basis

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.assessment.

Example assumptions: 정상 완전 혼합·동일 밀도/비열·무반응·외부 열교환 없음; 열오염 예비 부하와 희석 수지이며 혼합대·수생태 영향·방류 허가 모델 아님

61. environment.noise — 복수 음원 예비 소음 합산

Purpose / operating model: 독립 점음원 자유음장·지정 감쇠; 법적 적합 판정 별도

Equations / algorithm: Lp=Lw+10log(Qdirectivity/(4pi*r^2)); total=10log(sum(10^(Lp/10)))

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
acoustic_basis	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Acoustic basis
sources	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Sources

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "acoustic_basis": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "P1",
      "sound_power_dBA": 90,
      "distance": 10,
      "directivity_factor": 1,
      "additional_attenuation_dB": 0
    },
    {
      "name": "P2",
      "sound_power_dBA": 90,
      "distance": 10,
      "directivity_factor": 1,
      "additional_attenuation_dB": 0
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
receiver_level_dBA	number	dBA	Receiver level dba
sources	array	nested structure / not applicable	Sources
acoustic_basis	string	nested structure / not applicable	Acoustic basis

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.assessment.

Example assumptions: 독립 점음원·자유음장 기하 감쇠와 지정 지향성/추가 감쇠; 대수 합산; A 가중 음향파워 입력; 반사·회절·기상·주파수별 전파·법적 소음 적합 판정 별도

62. environment.impacts — 인벤토리 영향범주 특성화

Purpose / operating model: 사용자 방법/연도별 특성화계수·범주별 합산; LCA 인증 아님

Equations / algorithm: impact_category=sum(inventory*characterization_factor)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
inventory	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Inventory
characterization_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Characterization source
characterization_factors	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Characterization factors

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "inventory": {
    "CO2": {
      "value": 100,
      "unit": "kg/year"
    },
    "CH4": {
      "value": 2,
      "unit": "kg/year"
    }
  },
  "characterization_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
  "characterization_factors": [
    {
      "flow": "CO2",
      "category": "GWP_example",
      "inventory_unit": "kg/year",
      "impact_unit": "kgCO2e/year",
      "factor": 1
    },
    {
      "flow": "CH4",
      "category": "GWP_example",
      "inventory_unit": "kg/year",
      "impact_unit": "kgCO2e/year",
      "factor": 25
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
impacts	object	nested structure / not applicable	Impacts
contributions	array	nested structure / not applicable	Contributions
characterization_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Characterization source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.assessment.

Example assumptions: 사용자 인벤토리×방법/연도별 특성화계수; 영향 범주별 합산; 서로 다른 범주를 임의 합산/가중하지 않음; 누락 인벤토리·시스템 경계·공급망 데이터와 ISO LCA 검토 별도

63. thermal.pinch_segmented — 잠열·구간 CP 핀치 분석

Purpose / operating model: 구간별 CP·등온 잠열 이벤트 캐스케이드; 열교환망 상세 합성 별도

Equations / algorithm: temperature shift; latent jumps + sensible cascade

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
minimum_approach	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	delta_K	Minimum approach; temperature_difference
streams	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Streams

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "minimum_approach": 10,
  "streams": [
    {
      "name": "hot",
      "kind": "hot",
      "data_source": "고도화 검증용 가정값. 실측 속도상수·열전달·시장 분포·상관 자료 아님.",
      "segments": [
        {
          "inlet_temperature": 400,
          "outlet_temperature": 350,
          "heat_capacity_flow_W_K": 100
        },
        {
          "inlet_temperature": 350,
          "outlet_temperature": 300,
          "heat_capacity_flow_W_K": 200
        }
      ],
      "latent_loads": [
        {
          "temperature": 350,
          "heat_duty": 1000
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "cold",
      "kind": "cold",
      "data_source": "고도화 검증용 가정값. 실측 속도상수·열전달·시장 분포·상관 자료 아님.",
      "segments": [
        {
          "inlet_temperature": 290,
          "outlet_temperature": 340,
          "heat_capacity_flow_W_K": 200
        },
        {
          "inlet_temperature": 340,
          "outlet_temperature": 390,
          "heat_capacity_flow_W_K": 100
        }
      ],
      "latent_loads": [
        {
          "temperature": 340,
          "heat_duty": 1000
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
minimum_heating	integer	W	Minimum heating
minimum_cooling	number	W	Minimum cooling
maximum_heat_recovery	number	W	Maximum heat recovery
total_hot_duty	number	W	Total hot duty
total_cold_duty	number	W	Total cold duty
energy_residual	number	W	Energy residual
intervals	array	nested structure / not applicable	Intervals
grand_composite_curve	array	nested structure / not applicable	Grand composite curve
hot_composite	array	nested structure / not applicable	Hot composite
cold_composite	array	nested structure / not applicable	Cold composite
pinch_temperatures	array	nested structure / not applicable	Pinch temperatures
sensible_segments	array	nested structure / not applicable	Sensible segments
latent_events	array	nested structure / not applicable	Latent events

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.refinement.

Example assumptions: 구간별 일정 CP·등온 잠열의 온도 시프트와 열 캐스케이드; 잠열 전후 잔차 모두 확인; 공급 가능한 유틸리티 온도/압력과 열교환망·면적·경제 최적화는 별도; 제공된 데이터 구간 내 목표값이며 실제 DWSIM 열부하를 자동 감산하지 않음

64. thermal.exchanger_rating — 오염저항·ε-NTU 출구온도 성능평가

Purpose / operating model: 향류/병류 일정 CP 두 유체; 출구 온도·부하·엔트로피

Equations / algorithm: 1/Udirty=1/Uclean+Rf; Q=epsilon*Cmin*(Th-Tc)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
arrangement	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Arrangement; choices: ('countercurrent', 'cocurrent')
hot_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Hot inlet temperature; temperature
cold_inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Cold inlet temperature; temperature
hot_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Hot mass flow; mass_flow
cold_mass_flow	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	kg/s	Cold mass flow; mass_flow
hot_heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Hot heat capacity; heat_capacity
cold_heat_capacity	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	J/(kg*K)	Cold heat capacity; heat_capacity
clean_overall_coefficient	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	W/(m2*K)	Clean overall coefficient; heat_transfer_coefficient
total_fouling_resistance_m2_K_W	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Total fouling resistance m2 k w
area	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m2	Area; area
coefficient_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Coefficient source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "arrangement": "countercurrent",
  "hot_inlet_temperature": 400,
  "cold_inlet_temperature": 300,
  "hot_mass_flow": 1,
  "cold_mass_flow": 1,
  "hot_heat_capacity": 1000,
  "cold_heat_capacity": 1000,
  "clean_overall_coefficient": 100,
  "total_fouling_resistance_m2_K_W": 0.001,
  "area": 10,
  "coefficient_source": "고도화 검증용 가정값. 실측 속도상수·열전달·시장 분포·상관 자료 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
heat_duty	number	W	Heat duty
hot_outlet_temperature	number	K	Hot outlet temperature
cold_outlet_temperature	number	K	Cold outlet temperature
effectiveness	number	1	Effectiveness
NTU	number	1	Ntu
dirty_overall_coefficient	number	W/(m2*K)	Dirty overall coefficient
minimum_terminal_approach	number	delta_K	Minimum terminal approach
entropy_generation	number	W/K	Entropy generation
energy_residual	number	W	Energy residual

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.refinement.

Example assumptions: 향류/병류 두 유체 ε-NTU; 일정 CP·무상변화·무외부 열손실; 1/Udirty=1/Uclean+Rf; Rf는 동일 면적 기준의 총 오염저항; 압력손실·관/쉘 상세 구조·2상·비등온 물성 변화는 별도

65. reactor.nonisothermal — 비등온 PFR·배치 반응·냉각 연성

Purpose / operating model: 단일 power-law·Arrhenius·일정 밀도/CP·적응 RK4; 강성 다중반응 제외

Equations / algorithm: dC/dt=-k(T) C^n; rhoCp*dT/dt=-deltaH*r-UAvol*(T-Tc)

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
reactor_type	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Reactor type; choices: ('PFR', 'batch')
inlet_concentration_mol_m3	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Inlet concentration mol m3
inlet_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Inlet temperature; temperature
reference_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Reference temperature; temperature
reference_rate_constant_SI	yes	number	declared in object / not applicable	Reference rate constant si
activation_energy_J_mol	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Activation energy j mol
reaction_order	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Reaction order
reaction_enthalpy_J_mol	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Reaction enthalpy j mol
volumetric_heat_capacity_J_m3_K	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Volumetric heat capacity j m3 k
volumetric_heat_transfer_W_m3_K	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Volumetric heat transfer w m3 k
coolant_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Coolant temperature; temperature
kinetics_and_heat_transfer_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Kinetics and heat transfer source
minimum_valid_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Minimum valid temperature; temperature
maximum_valid_temperature	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	K	Maximum valid temperature; temperature
active_volume	yes	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3	Active volume; volume
volume_flow	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	m3/s	Volume flow; volume_flow
reaction_time	optional / conditional	quantity {value, unit} or SI number	s	Reaction time; time
relative_tolerance	optional / conditional	number	declared in object / not applicable	Relative tolerance
maximum_steps	optional / conditional	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Maximum steps

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "reactor_type": "PFR",
  "inlet_concentration_mol_m3": 100,
  "inlet_temperature": 300,
  "reference_temperature": 300,
  "reference_rate_constant_SI": 0.1,
  "activation_energy_J_mol": 50000,
  "reaction_order": 1,
  "reaction_enthalpy_J_mol": -10000,
  "volumetric_heat_capacity_J_m3_K": 4000000,
  "volumetric_heat_transfer_W_m3_K": 1000,
  "coolant_temperature": 290,
  "kinetics_and_heat_transfer_source": "고도화 검증용 가정값. 실측 속도상수·열전달·시장 분포·상관 자료 아님.",
  "minimum_valid_temperature": 280,
  "maximum_valid_temperature": 360,
  "active_volume": 0.1,
  "volume_flow": 0.01
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
outlet_concentration_mol_m3	number	mol/m3	Outlet concentration mol m3
outlet_temperature	number	K	Outlet temperature
conversion	number	1	Conversion
residence_or_reaction_time	number	s	Residence or reaction time
reaction_heat_released	number	W	Reaction heat released
external_heat_removed	number	W	External heat removed
sensible_heat	number	W	Sensible heat
energy_residual	number	W	Energy residual
accepted_steps	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Accepted steps
attempts	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Attempts
maximum_scaled_step_error	number	nested structure / not applicable	Maximum scaled step error
profile	array	nested structure / not applicable	Profile

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.refinement.

Example assumptions: 단일 비가역 power-law·Arrhenius·일정 밀도/부피 열용량; PFR 체류좌표 또는 정용적 배치; RK4 두 반간격/한 전체간격 오차 제어; 지정 유효 온도 범위·단계 한계에서 실패 시 결과 미반환; 양의 제거열은 냉각, 음수는 외부 가열; 강성 다중반응·안전 폭주 인증은 별도

66. design.multivariable — 다변수 제약 조합 탐색

Purpose / operating model: 1~4변수·2500개 유한 조합 내 최선; 연속 전역 최적성 보장 없음

Equations / algorithm: feasible Cartesian grid argmin/argmax

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
method	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Method
base_inputs	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Base inputs
variables	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Variables
objective	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Objective
direction	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Direction; choices: ('min', 'max')
constraints	optional / conditional	object	declared in object / not applicable	Constraints

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "method": "thermal.exchanger_rating",
  "base_inputs": {
    "arrangement": "countercurrent",
    "hot_inlet_temperature": 400,
    "cold_inlet_temperature": 300,
    "hot_mass_flow": 1,
    "cold_mass_flow": 1,
    "hot_heat_capacity": 1000,
    "cold_heat_capacity": 1000,
    "clean_overall_coefficient": 100,
    "total_fouling_resistance_m2_K_W": 0.001,
    "area": 10,
    "coefficient_source": "고도화 검증용 가정값. 실측 속도상수·열전달·시장 분포·상관 자료 아님."
  },
  "variables": {
    "area": [
      5,
      10,
      15
    ],
    "total_fouling_resistance_m2_K_W": [
      0,
      0.001,
      0.002
    ]
  },
  "objective": "heat_duty",
  "direction": "max",
  "constraints": {
    "cold_outlet_temperature": {
      "maximum": 360
    }
  }
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
best	object	nested structure / not applicable	Best
evaluations	array	nested structure / not applicable	Evaluations
feasible_count	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Feasible count
evaluated_count	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Evaluated count

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.refinement.

Example assumptions: 유한 후보 조합 전수 탐색·제약 검사; 연속/전역 최적성 보장 없음; 입력값·단위·각 계산기의 물리 유효범위를 유지하며 실패 조합을 별도 기록

67. assessment.risk — 상관 단가·배출계수 경제환경 불확실성

Purpose / operating model: 고정 공정량·Gaussian copula·일양/삼각 분포; 20~500표본

Equations / algorithm: PSD Cholesky; inverse marginal CDF; coupled NPV/CO2e quantiles

Input parameters (required means the top-level key is mandatory; conditional requirements are also checked by the calculator):

Parameter	Required	Type	SI unit / convention	Meaning / condition
process_metrics	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Process metrics
basis	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Basis
process_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Process source
distributions	yes	object	declared in object / not applicable	Distributions
latent_correlation	yes	array	declared in object / not applicable	Latent correlation
samples	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Samples
seed	yes	integer	declared in object / not applicable	Seed
uncertainty_source	yes	string	declared in object / not applicable	Uncertainty source

Complete assumed input example:

{
  "process_metrics": {
    "feed_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "feed_temperature": {
      "value": 293.15,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "feed_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "feed_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1829.7033412351411,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "feed_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "feed_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "pumped_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "pumped_temperature": {
      "value": 293.1699670003287,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "pumped_pressure": {
      "value": 301325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "pumped_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1829.4112559390717,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "pumped_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "pumped_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "heated_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "heated_temperature": {
      "value": 319.42640660747713,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "heated_pressure": {
      "value": 281325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "heated_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1731.8989766316238,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "heated_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "heated_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "column_feed_mass": {
      "value": 1.3838832,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "column_feed_temperature": {
      "value": 319.4795128904956,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "column_feed_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "column_feed_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1731.8989394475432,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "column_feed_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.5001196632779414,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "column_feed_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.4998803367220586,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "distillate_mass": {
      "value": 0.7106573503632283,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "distillate_temperature": {
      "value": 339.8738838298527,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "distillate_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "distillate_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1117.2827787155925,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "distillate_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9378332377048909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "distillate_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.06216676229510909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "flash_feed_mass": {
      "value": 0.7106573503632283,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "flash_feed_temperature": {
      "value": 330.710626368568,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "flash_feed_pressure": {
      "value": 70000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "flash_feed_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1117.2827785628429,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "flash_feed_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9378332377048909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "flash_feed_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.06216676229510909,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "gas_mass": {
      "value": 0.020426691452446737,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "gas_temperature": {
      "value": 330.710626368568,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "gas_pressure": {
      "value": 70000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "gas_enthalpy": {
      "value": 46.671510831617,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "gas_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9843964489437684,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "gas_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.01560355105623159,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "liquid_mass": {
      "value": 0.6902306588994397,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "liquid_temperature": {
      "value": 330.710626368568,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "liquid_pressure": {
      "value": 70000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "liquid_enthalpy": {
      "value": -1151.7288507963228,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "liquid_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9364552456495976,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "liquid_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.06354475435040237,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "bottoms_mass": {
      "value": 0.6732268957428085,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "bottoms_temperature": {
      "value": 371.65525532191174,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "bottoms_pressure": {
      "value": 101325.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "bottoms_enthalpy": {
      "value": -2081.499268318897,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "bottoms_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.03807261118878612,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "bottoms_water_mass_fraction": {
      "value": 0.9619273888112139,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "hot_in_mass": {
      "value": 2.0,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "hot_in_temperature": {
      "value": 368.15,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "hot_in_pressure": {
      "value": 300000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "hot_in_enthalpy": {
      "value": -2142.823991983974,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "hot_out_mass": {
      "value": 2.0,
      "unit": "kg/s"
    },
    "hot_out_temperature": {
      "value": 352.7677340571156,
      "unit": "K"
    },
    "hot_out_pressure": {
      "value": 290000.0,
      "unit": "Pa"
    },
    "hot_out_enthalpy": {
      "value": -2210.296802705594,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "shaft_power": {
      "value": 0.4042109395812837,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "heat_duty": {
      "value": 134.9456214428584,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "engine_area": {
      "value": 5.0,
      "unit": "m2"
    },
    "reboiler_raw": {
      "value": -2729.6217947077225,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "condenser_raw": {
      "value": 2528.205228978433,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "stage_count": {
      "value": 8.0,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "methanol_purity": {
      "value": 0.8945334882210616,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "gas_methanol_purity": {
      "value": 0.9725802062188924,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "liquid_methanol_purity": {
      "value": 0.8923059262391173,
      "unit": "1"
    },
    "reboiler_duty": {
      "value": 2729.6217947077225,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "condenser_duty": {
      "value": 2528.205228978433,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "electric_power": {
      "value": 0.4491232662014263,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "hot_water_duty": {
      "value": 134945.6,
      "unit": "W"
    }
  },
  "basis": {
    "currency": "USD",
    "annual_operating_hours": 8000,
    "project_years": 10,
    "discount_rate": 0.08,
    "tax_rate": 0.2,
    "cost_and_factor_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님.",
    "basis_date": "2026-11-04",
    "steam_specific_energy": {
      "value": 2100,
      "unit": "kJ/kg"
    },
    "cooling_water_heat_capacity": 4200,
    "cooling_water_temperature_rise": 10,
    "auxiliary_electric_power": {
      "value": 5,
      "unit": "kW"
    },
    "cooling_water_makeup_fraction": 0.02,
    "water_density": 1000,
    "water_consumption_fraction": 0.5,
    "steam_price_per_kg": {
      "value": 0.025,
      "unit": "USD/kg"
    },
    "electricity_price_per_kWh": {
      "value": 0.12,
      "unit": "USD/kWh"
    },
    "hot_water_price_per_GJ": {
      "value": 10,
      "unit": "USD/GJ"
    },
    "makeup_water_price_per_m3": {
      "value": 1,
      "unit": "USD/m3"
    },
    "feed_price_per_kg": {
      "value": 0.2,
      "unit": "USD/kg"
    },
    "waste_treatment_price_per_kg": {
      "value": 0.03,
      "unit": "USD/kg"
    },
    "annual_fixed_operating_cost": {
      "value": 100000,
      "unit": "USD/year"
    },
    "working_capital": 100000,
    "installed_cost_factor": 3,
    "contingency_fraction": 0.15,
    "carbon_price_per_tonne": {
      "value": 30,
      "unit": "USD/tCO2e"
    },
    "equipment_costs": [
      {
        "tag": "P-101",
        "capacity_metric": "shaft_power",
        "capacity_dimension": "power",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 1000,
          "unit": "W"
        },
        "reference_cost": 5000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      {
        "tag": "E-101",
        "capacity_metric": "engine_area",
        "capacity_dimension": "area",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 5,
          "unit": "m2"
        },
        "reference_cost": 15000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      {
        "tag": "T-101",
        "capacity_metric": "feed_mass",
        "capacity_dimension": "mass_flow",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 1.3838832,
          "unit": "kg/s"
        },
        "reference_cost": 200000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      {
        "tag": "S-101",
        "capacity_metric": "distillate_mass",
        "capacity_dimension": "mass_flow",
        "reference_capacity": {
          "value": 0.71,
          "unit": "kg/s"
        },
        "reference_cost": 20000,
        "scaling_exponent": 0.6,
        "quote_source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      }
    ],
    "stream_disposition": {
      "GAS": {
        "product": 1,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 0,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      },
      "LIQUID": {
        "product": 1,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 0,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      },
      "BOTTOMS": {
        "product": 0,
        "air": 0,
        "wastewater": 1,
        "solid": 0,
        "recycle": 0
      }
    },
    "product_price_per_kg": {
      "GAS": {
        "value": 0.7,
        "unit": "USD/kg"
      },
      "LIQUID": {
        "value": 0.6,
        "unit": "USD/kg"
      },
      "BOTTOMS": {
        "value": 0,
        "unit": "USD/kg"
      }
    },
    "minimum_methanol_mass_fraction": {
      "GAS": 0,
      "LIQUID": 0,
      "BOTTOMS": 0
    },
    "emission_factors": {
      "electricity": {
        "value": 0.4,
        "unit": "kgCO2e/kWh",
        "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      "steam": {
        "value": 0.15,
        "unit": "kgCO2e/kg",
        "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      },
      "hot_water": {
        "value": 60,
        "unit": "kgCO2e/GJ",
        "source": "사용자 검토용 가정 예제. 실제 견적·배출계수·현장 성능 데이터 아님."
      }
    },
    "additional_emission_activities": []
  },
  "process_source": "가정 공정량; 실제 스냅샷 평가는 별도 DB 연결",
  "distributions": {
    "feed_price_per_kg.value": {
      "distribution": "uniform",
      "minimum": 0.18,
      "maximum": 0.22
    },
    "steam_price_per_kg.value": {
      "distribution": "triangular",
      "minimum": 0.02,
      "mode": 0.025,
      "maximum": 0.03
    },
    "emission_factors.steam.value": {
      "distribution": "uniform",
      "minimum": 0.12,
      "maximum": 0.18
    }
  },
  "latent_correlation": [
    [
      1,
      0.5,
      0
    ],
    [
      0.5,
      1,
      0.3
    ],
    [
      0,
      0.3,
      1
    ]
  ],
  "samples": 40,
  "seed": 42,
  "uncertainty_source": "고도화 검증용 가정값. 실측 속도상수·열전달·시장 분포·상관 자료 아님."
}

Output parameters (result["values"]; units are returned separately in result["units"]):

Output	Type	Unit	Meaning
npv_mean	number	USD	Npv mean
npv_p05	number	USD	Npv p05
npv_p50	number	USD	Npv p50
npv_p95	number	USD	Npv p95
probability_positive_npv	number	1	Probability positive npv
annual_CO2e_mean	number	kg CO2e/year	Annual co2e mean
annual_CO2e_p05	number	kg CO2e/year	Annual co2e p05
annual_CO2e_p95	number	kg CO2e/year	Annual co2e p95
operating_cost_statistics	object	nested structure / not applicable	Operating cost statistics
samples	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Samples
seed	integer	nested structure / not applicable	Seed
latent_correlation	array	nested structure / not applicable	Latent correlation
distribution_order	array	nested structure / not applicable	Distribution order
input_samples	array	nested structure / not applicable	Input samples
outcomes	array	nested structure / not applicable	Outcomes
process_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Process source
uncertainty_source	string	nested structure / not applicable	Uncertainty source

Full structured result, including nested rows, assumptions, warnings and checks: result JSON. Implementation: plantdesign.calculations.refinement.

Example assumptions: 고정한 공정 스냅샷에서 평가 단가/배출계수만 확률화; 운전조건 변화에 대한 DWSIM 재수렴은 수행하지 않음; 상관행렬은 Gaussian copula의 잠재 정규 상관이며 변환한 단가의 Pearson 상관과 동일하지 않을 수 있음; 준정부호 Cholesky·일양/삼각 주변분포·고정 seed; 동일 seed는 공정 대안에 공통 난수 사용; 분포·상관·표본 분위수는 사용자 가정; 실제 시장/배출 예측이나 수익 보장 아님