potluck-eval 0.9.0

Python code evaluation system and submissions server capable of unit tests, tracing, and AST inspection. Server can run on Python 2.7 but evaluation requires 3.6+.

potluck

Code for automatically evaluating Python programming tasks, including a flask WSGI server for handling submissions.

Specifications API design by Peter Mawhorter.

Server design by Peter Mawhorter, Scott Anderson, and Franklyn Turbak.

Based on codder program by Ben Wood w/ contributions by Franklyn Turbak and Peter Mawhorter.

Dependencies

The core evaluation code depends on the jinja2, pygments, and importlib_resources packages. Tests depend on pytest, and you can run them using tox if you want.

If you want to run the potluck_server WSGI app, you'll also need flask and flask_cas. These dependencies are listed in the distribution files and should be installed automatically if you install through PyPI. For full server security, you should also install pyopenssl, flask_talisman, and flask_seasurf, but these are not required for running the server and won't be used if they're not present (although this introduces some extra security vulnerabilities).

If you're running the WSGI app on a server without a windowing system but still want to be able to evaluation submissions that use graphics (notably submissions which use the turtle module), there is support for using xvfb-run.

Installing

To install from PyPI, run the following command on the command-line:

python3 -m pip install potluck-eval

Confirm installation from within Python by running:

>>> import potluck

Once that's done, you can perform run the built-in tests on the command-line:

python -m potluck.tests

Note that if you get a command not found error, the potluck_eval script might not have been installed somewhere that's on your command line's path, which you'll need to fix to get the tests to run.

If you want to see what evaluation looks like yourself instead of just running automated tests that clean up after themselves, in your installed potluck directory inside of site-packages there's a testarea directory; inside testarea/test_course/fall2021 you should be able to run the following commands:

potluck_eval -t functionsTest --rubric
potluck_eval -t functionsTest -u perfect
potluck_eval -t functionsTest -u imperfect
potluck_eval -t functionsTest --check

The first command creates a rubric for the "functionsTest" task in the rubrics directory, while the second or third will evaluate the provided test submissions for the same task, creating a report reports/(im)perfect/functionsTest_TIMESTAMP.html where TIMESTAMP is a time-stamp based on when you run the command. The fourth command runs the specification's built-in tests and prints out a report.

If the tests pass and these commands work, then potluck is properly installed and you can start figuring out how to set up your own evaluation area and define your own tasks. The documentation for the potluck.specifications module describes the task-definition process and provides a worked example that shows off many of the possibilities; you can find that example specification at:

potluck/testarea/test_course/fall2021/specs/functionsTest/spec.py

Evaluation Setup

Once potluck is installed and working , you'll need to set up your own folder for evaluating submissions. The potluck/testarea folder contains an example of this, including task specifications and example submissions (note that it's missing a submissions folder because all of its submissions are examples, as the potluck_config.py there notes). You can test things out there, but eventually you'll want to create your own evaluation directory, which should have at minimum:

• tasks.json: This file specifies which tasks exist and how to load their specifications, as well as which submitted files to look for and evaluate. You can work from the example in potluck/testarea/test_course/fall2021/tasks.json.
• A specs folder with one or more task sub-folders, named by their task IDs. Each task sub-folder should have a spec.py file that defines the task, as well as starter/ and soln/ folders which hold starter and solution code. These files and folders need to match what's specified in tasks.json.
• A submissions folder, with per-user submissions folders containing per-task folders that have actual submitted files in them. Note that if you're going to use the potluck_server WSGI app, this can be created automatically.

If you're going to use the potluck_server WSGI app, your evaluation directory will also need:

• potluck-admin.json: Defines which users have admin privileges and allows things like masquerading and time travel. Work from the provided example potluck/testarea/test_course/fall2021/potluck-admin.json.

Finally, to run automated tests on your specifications (always a good idea) you will need:

• An examples folder with the same structure as the submissions folder.

Running potluck_server

Note: The potluck server is not fully operational yet.

To set up potluck_server, in addition to an evaluation directory set up as described above, you'll need to create a ps_config.py file in a directory of your choosing (could be the same as the base evaluation directory if you want); there's a rundir directory inside the installed potluck_server directory which has an example of this; in addition to ps_config.py, secret and syncauth files will be created in the server run-directory if not present.

For testing purposes, you will not need to change the ps_config.py file from the defaults supplied in ps_config.py.example, but you'll want to edit it extensively before running the server for real. When running in a real WSGI context, you'll also need the potluck.wsgi file that's present in the potluck_server/rundir directory.

Once ps_config.py has been created, from the potluck_server/rundir directory (or whatever directory you set up) you should be able to run:

python -m potluck_server.app

to run the WSGI app on a local port in debugging mode. It will print several messages including one or more prompts about running without authentication, and you'll have to press enter at these prompts to actually start the server, after which it should provide you with a link you can use in a browser to access it.

NOTE THAT THE POTLUCK WEB APP ALLOWS AUTHENTICATED USERS TO RUN ARBITRARY PYTHON CODE ON THE SERVER!

In addition to this, in debugging mode the server has no authentication, and is only protected by the fact that it's only accessible to localhost. Accordingly, you will need to set up CAS (Central Authentication Server) via the values in ps_config.py to run the server for real. If you don't have access to a CAS instance via your company or institution, you can either set one up yourself, or you'll have to modify the server to use some other form of authentication. It is also strongly recommended that you install the flask_talisman and flask_seasurf modules, which will be used to provide additional security only if they're available. If pyopenssl is installed alongside flask_talisman, a self-signed certificate will be used to provide HTTPS even in debugging mode, mostly just to maximize similarity between debugging & production environments.

In debugging mode, you will automatically be logged in as the "test" user, and with the default potluck-admin.json file, this will be an admin account, allowing you to do things like view full feedback before the submission deadline is past. With the default setup, you should be able to submit files for the testing tasks, and view the feedback generated for those files (eventually, you may have to modify the due dates in the example tasks.json for this to work). You can find files to submit in the potluck/testarea/test_course/fall2021/submissions directory, and you can always try submitting some of the solution files.

See the documentation at the top of python_server/app.py for a run-down of how the server works and what's available.

To actually install the server as a WSGI app, you'll need to follow the standard procedure for whatever HTTP server you're using. For example, with Apache, this involves installing mod_wsgi and creating various configuration files. An example Apache mod_wsgi configuration might look like this (to be placed in /etc/httpd/conf.d):

# ================================================================
# Potluck App for code submission & grading (runs potluck_eval)

# the following is now necessary in Apache 2.4; the default seems to be to deny.
<Directory "/home/potluck/private/potluck/potluck_server">
    Require all granted
</Directory>

WSGIDaemonProcess potluck user=potluck processes=5 display-name=httpd-potluck home=/home/potluck/rundir python-home=/home/potluck/potluck-python python-path=/home/potluck/rundir
WSGIScriptAlias /potluck /home/potluck/rundir/potluck.wsgi process-group=potluck

Security

Running the potluck_server WSGI app on a public-facing port represents a significant security vulnerability, since any authenticated user can submit tasks, and the evaluation mechanisms currently do not use any sandboxing, meaning that they RUN UNTRUSTED PYTHON CODE DIRECTLY ON YOUR SERVER (even if they used sandboxing, which is a target feature for the future, they would be vulnerable to any means of circumventing the sandboxing used).

You therefore need to trust that your CAS setup is secure, and trust that your users will be responsible about submitting files and about keeping their accounts secure. If you can't depend on these things, DO NOT run the web app.

Even if you do not run the web app, and instead collect submissions via some other mechanism, the evaluation machinery still runs submitted code directly. You will need to trust the users submitting tasks for evaluation, and watch out for accidental mis-use of resources (e.g., creating files in an infinite loop). It's not a bad idea to run the entire evaluation process in a virtual machine, although the details of such a setup are beyond this document.

Documentation

Extracted documentation can be viewed online at: https://cs.wellesley.edu/~pmwh/potluck/docs/potluck/

You can also read the same documentation in the docstrings of the source code, or compile it yourself if you've got pdoc installed by running the makedoc.sh script on the command-line (note that shenanigans are necessary to prevent pdoc from trying to import the test submissions).