ProRCA: A Causal Pathway Approach for Complex Operational Environments

Overview

ProRCA is an end-to-end framework for diagnosing anomalies in complex operational environments by uncovering multi-hop causal pathways. Unlike traditional anomaly detection methods that focus on correlations or feature importance (e.g., via SHAP), our approach leverages structural causal modeling to trace the full causal chain—from hidden root causes to observed anomalies.

Inspired by the paper:

Beyond Traditional Problem-Solving: A Causal Pathway Approach for Complex Operational Environments
Ahmed Dawoud & Shravan Talupula, February 9, 2025 📄 Download PDF

This work introduces a methodology that combines conditional anomaly scoring with causal path discovery and ranking. By extending the DoWhy library, the framework provides decision-makers with actionable insights into the true source of complex operational disruptions.

Features

• Anomaly Detection:
  Detect anomalies in time series data using ADTK’s InterQuartileRangeAD via the AnomalyDetector class.

• Synthetic Data Generation:
  Generate realistic synthetic transactional data with adjustable parameters using create_synthetic_data.py.

• Structural Causal Modeling:
  Build a causal graph and fit a Structural Causal Model (SCM) using ScmBuilder in the pathway.py module.

• Causal Root Cause Analysis:
  Discover and rank multi-hop causal pathways using CausalRootCauseAnalyzer, which combines structural and noise-based anomaly scoring.

• Visualization:
  Visualize causal pathways with Graphviz diagrams, using gradient backgrounds to indicate path importance via CausalResultsVisualizer.

Project Structure

ProRCA/
├── .gitignore
├── .github/
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── CONTRIBUTING.md
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── docs/
│   ├── Examples/
│   │   ├── Example_1/
│   │   └── Example_2/
│   └── research_paper/
├── pyproject.toml
├── src/
│   ├── anomaly/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── adtk.py
│   ├── data_generators/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── synthetic_sales_data.py
│   └── prorca/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── dag_builder.py
│       └── pathway.py

Installation

Clone the repository and install dependencies:

git clone https://github.com/profitopsai/ProRCA.git
cd ProRCA
pip install .

Usage

1. Generate Synthetic Data

from src.create_synthetic_data import generate_fashion_data_with_brand

df = generate_fashion_data_with_brand(start_date="2023-01-01", end_date="2023-12-31")

2. Inject Anomalies

from src.create_synthetic_data import inject_anomalies_by_date

anomaly_schedule = {
    '2023-06-10': ('ExcessiveDiscount', 0.8),
    '2023-06-15': ('COGSOverstatement', 0.4),
    '2023-07-01': ('FulfillmentSpike', 0.5)
}

df_anomalous = inject_anomalies_by_date(df, anomaly_schedule)

3. Detect Anomalies

from src.anomaly.adtk import AnomalyDetector

detector = AnomalyDetector(df_anomalous, date_col="ORDERDATE", value_col="PROFIT_MARGIN")
anomalies = detector.detect()
anomaly_dates = detector.get_anomaly_dates()

detector.visualize(figsize=(12, 6), ylim=(40, 60))

4. Build the Structural Causal Model (SCM)

from src.prorca.pathway import ScmBuilder

edges = [
    ("PRICEEACH", "UNIT_COST"), ("PRICEEACH", "SALES"),
    ("UNIT_COST", "COST_OF_GOODS_SOLD"),
    ("QUANTITYORDERED", "SALES"), ("QUANTITYORDERED", "COST_OF_GOODS_SOLD"),
    ("SALES", "DISCOUNT"), ("SALES", "NET_SALES"),
    ("DISCOUNT", "NET_SALES"),
    ("NET_SALES", "FULFILLMENT_COST"), ("NET_SALES", "MARKETING_COST"),
    ("NET_SALES", "RETURN_COST"), ("NET_SALES", "PROFIT"),
    ("FULFILLMENT_COST", "PROFIT"), ("MARKETING_COST", "PROFIT"),
    ("RETURN_COST", "PROFIT"), ("COST_OF_GOODS_SOLD", "PROFIT"),
    ("SHIPPING_REVENUE", "PROFIT"), ("PROFIT", "PROFIT_MARGIN"),
    ("NET_SALES", "PROFIT_MARGIN")
]

nodes = ["PRICEEACH", "UNIT_COST", "SALES", "COST_OF_GOODS_SOLD", "PROFIT_MARGIN"]

builder = ScmBuilder(edges=edges, nodes=nodes)
scm = builder.build(df_anomalous)

5. Perform Causal Root Cause Analysis

from src.prorca.pathway import CausalRootCauseAnalyzer

analyzer = CausalRootCauseAnalyzer(scm, min_score_threshold=0.8)
results = analyzer.analyze(df_anomalous, anomaly_dates, start_node='PROFIT_MARGIN')

6. Visualize Causal Pathways

from src.prorca.pathway import CausalResultsVisualizer

visualizer = CausalResultsVisualizer(analysis_results=results)
visualizer.plot_root_cause_paths()