pycottas-endpoint can be used directly from the terminal to quickly serve COTTAS files through a SPARQL endpoint automatically deployed locally.

It can also be used to define custom SPARQL functions: the user defines and registers custom SPARQL functions, then the endpoint is started using uvicorn.

The deployed SPARQL endpoint can be used as a SERVICE in a federated SPARQL query from regular triplestores SPARQL endpoints. The endpoint is CORS enabled by default to enable querying it from client JavaScript (can be turned off).

📦️ Installation

Install from PyPI with:

pip install pycottas-endpoint

The uvicorn and gunicorn dependencies are not included by default, if you want to install them use the optional dependency web:

pip install "pycottas-endpoint[web]"

If you want to use pycottas-endpoint as a CLI you can install with the optional dependency cli:

pip install "pycottas-endpoint[cli]"

⚡️ Quickly serve COTTAS files through a SPARQL endpoint

Use pycottas-endpoint as a command line interface (CLI) in your terminal to quickly serve one or multiple COTTAS files as a SPARQL endpoint.

You can use wildcard to provide multiple files, for example to serve all COTTAS files in the current directory you could run:

pycottas-endpoint serve '*.cottas'

Then access the YASGUI SPARQL editor on http://localhost:8000

✨ Deploy your SPARQL endpoint

pycottas-endpoint enables you to easily define and deploy SPARQL endpoints based on RDFLib. Additionally it provides helpers to defines custom functions in the endpoint.

Checkout the example folder for a complete working app example to get started, including a docker deployment. A good way to create a new SPARQL endpoint is to copy this example folder, and start from it.

🚨 Deploy as a standalone API

Deploy your SPARQL endpoint as a standalone API:

from rdflib import Graph
from rdflib_endpoint import SparqlEndpoint
from pycottas import COTTASStore

# Start the SPARQL endpoint based on a RDFLib Graph backed by pycottas and register your custom functions
g = Graph(store=COTTASStore('my_file.cottas'))

# Then use either SparqlEndpoint or SparqlRouter, they take the same arguments
app = SparqlEndpoint(
    graph=g,
    path="/",
    cors_enabled=True,
    # Metadata used for the SPARQL service description and Swagger UI:
    title="SPARQL endpoint for COTTAS files",
    description="SPARQL endpoint for COTTAS files. \n[Source code](https://github.com/arenas-guerrero-julian/pycottas-endpoint)",
    version="0.1.0",
    public_url='https://your-endpoint-url/',
    # Example query displayed in YASGUI default tab
    example_query="""PREFIX myfunctions: <https://w3id.org/sparql-functions/>
SELECT ?concat ?concatLength WHERE {
    BIND("First" AS ?first)
    BIND(myfunctions:custom_concat(?first, "last") AS ?concat)
}""",
    # Additional example queries displayed in additional YASGUI tabs
    example_queries = {
    	"Bio2RDF query": {
        	"endpoint": "https://bio2rdf.org/sparql",
        	"query": """SELECT DISTINCT * WHERE {
    ?s a ?o .
} LIMIT 10""",
    	},
    	"Custom function": {
        	"query": """PREFIX myfunctions: <https://w3id.org/sparql-functions/>
SELECT ?concat ?concatLength WHERE {
    BIND("First" AS ?first)
    BIND(myfunctions:custom_concat(?first, "last") AS ?concat)
}""",
    	}
	}
)

Finally deploy this app using uvicorn (see below)

🛣️ Deploy as a router to include in an existing API

Deploy your SPARQL endpoint as an APIRouter to include in an existing FastAPI API. The SparqlRouter constructor takes the same arguments as the SparqlEndpoint, apart from enable_cors which needs be enabled at the API level.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from rdflib import Dataset
from rdflib_endpoint import SparqlRouter
from pycottas import COTTASStore

g = Graph(store=COTTASStore('my_file.cottas'))
sparql_router = SparqlRouter(
    graph=g,
    path="/",
    # Metadata used for the SPARQL service description and Swagger UI:
    title="SPARQL endpoint for COTTAS files",
    description="SPARQL endpoint for COTTAS files. \n[Source code](https://github.com/arenas-guerrero-julian/pycottas-endpoint)",
    version="0.1.0",
    public_url='https://your-endpoint-url/',
)

app = FastAPI()
app.include_router(sparql_router)

To deploy this route in a Flask app checkout how it has been done in the curies mapping service of the Bioregistry.

📝 Define custom SPARQL functions

This option makes it easier to define functions in your SPARQL endpoint, e.g. BIND(myfunction:custom_concat("start", "end") AS ?concat). It can be used with the SparqlEndpoint and SparqlRouter classes.

Create a app/main.py file in your project folder with your custom SPARQL functions, and endpoint parameters:

import rdflib
from rdflib import Dataset
from rdflib.plugins.sparql.evalutils import _eval
from rdflib_endpoint import SparqlEndpoint
from pycottas import COTTASStore

def custom_concat(query_results, ctx, part, eval_part):
    """Concat 2 strings in the 2 senses and return the length as additional Length variable
    """
    # Retrieve the 2 input arguments
    argument1 = str(_eval(part.expr.expr[0], eval_part.forget(ctx, _except=part.expr._vars)))
    argument2 = str(_eval(part.expr.expr[1], eval_part.forget(ctx, _except=part.expr._vars)))
    evaluation = []
    scores = []
    # Prepare the 2 result string, 1 for eval, 1 for scores
    evaluation.append(argument1 + argument2)
    evaluation.append(argument2 + argument1)
    scores.append(len(argument1 + argument2))
    scores.append(len(argument2 + argument1))
    # Append the results for our custom function
    for i, result in enumerate(evaluation):
        query_results.append(eval_part.merge({
            part.var: rdflib.Literal(result),
            # With an additional custom var for the length
            rdflib.term.Variable(part.var + 'Length'): rdflib.Literal(scores[i])
        }))
    return query_results, ctx, part, eval_part

# Start the SPARQL endpoint based on a RDFLib Graph backed by pycottas and register your custom functions
g = Graph(store=COTTASStore('my_file.cottas'))
# Use either SparqlEndpoint or SparqlRouter, they take the same arguments
app = SparqlEndpoint(
    graph=g,
    path="/",
    # Register the functions:
    functions={
        'https://w3id.org/sparql-functions/custom_concat': custom_concat
    },
    cors_enabled=True,
    # Metadata used for the SPARQL service description and Swagger UI:
    title="SPARQL endpoint for COTTAS files",
    description="SPARQL endpoint for COTTAS files. \n[Source code](https://github.com/arenas-guerrero-julian/pycottas-endpoint)",
    version="0.1.0",
    public_url='https://your-endpoint-url/',
    # Example queries displayed in the Swagger UI to help users try your function
    example_query="""PREFIX myfunctions: <https://w3id.org/sparql-functions/>
SELECT ?concat ?concatLength WHERE {
    BIND("First" AS ?first)
    BIND(myfunctions:custom_concat(?first, "last") AS ?concat)
}"""
)

✒️ Or directly define the custom evaluation

You can also directly provide the custom evaluation function, this will override the functions.

Refer to the RDFLib documentation to define the custom evaluation function. Then provide it when instantiating the SPARQL endpoint:

import rdflib
from rdflib.plugins.sparql.evaluate import evalBGP
from rdflib.namespace import FOAF, RDF, RDFS
from pycottas import COTTASStore

def custom_eval(ctx, part):
    """Rewrite triple patterns to get super-classes"""
    if part.name == "BGP":
        # rewrite triples
        triples = []
        for t in part.triples:
            if t[1] == RDF.type:
                bnode = rdflib.BNode()
                triples.append((t[0], t[1], bnode))
                triples.append((bnode, RDFS.subClassOf, t[2]))
            else:
                triples.append(t)
        # delegate to normal evalBGP
        return evalBGP(ctx, triples)
    raise NotImplementedError()

app = SparqlEndpoint(
    graph=g,
    custom_eval=custom_eval
)

🦄 Run the SPARQL endpoint

You can then run the SPARQL endpoint server from the folder where your script is defined with uvicorn on http://localhost:8000

cd example
uv run uvicorn main:app --reload

Checkout in the example/README.md for more details, such as deploying it with docker.

🛠️ Contributing

To run the project in development and make a contribution checkout the contributing page.

🏅 Acknowledgements

pycottas-endpoint is a fork from rdflib-endpoint by Vincent Emonet.