DeepLog
DeepLog is an operational framework for building neurosymbolic (NeSy) systems. Instead of presenting a monolithic stack, DeepLog provides high-performance building blocks that plug directly into PyTorch-first workflows so you can compose differentiable learning and symbolic reasoning with predictable interfaces.
Why DeepLog?
- Symbol-first modeling – declare symbolic tensors and shapes, then let DeepLog check interfaces between modules before you wire them into larger systems.
- Logic-aware modules – compile formulas into differentiable modules, wrap existing PyTorch components, and connect them to multiple reasoning backends.
- Backend flexibility – start with the pure Python engine or enable the Janus/SWI-Prolog backend for lower latency inference without changing your training code.
- Batteries included – tutorial notebooks, example projects (semantic loss, MNIST addition, …), and a Sphinx site walk you from “hello world” to custom NeSy stacks.
- Research to production – typing, validation, and extensive tests keep advanced reasoning pipelines trustworthy when you move from prototypes to production workloads.
Installation
DeepLog publishes optional extras so you can extend the base install as needed:
| Extra | Description |
|---|---|
pydeeplog[examples] |
Adds interactive notebook tooling (Jupyter) plus Lightning/torchvision/torchmetrics for tutorials. |
pydeeplog[janus_engine] |
Installs the Janus SWI-Prolog bridge for the highest performance Prolog backend. |
pydeeplog[mvsdd] |
Installs MV-SDD, the knowledge compiler for a formula that reaches two values of one variable, such as the branches of an annotated disjunction. |
pydeeplog[tests] |
Adds pytest, coverage and supporting utilities for contributors. |
pydeeplog[site] |
Installs the documentation/notebook toolchain (Sphinx, PyData theme, myst-nb, Jupytext, ipykernel, Lightning/torchvision/torchmetrics, …). |
Combine extras as needed, for example pip install ".[examples,tests]".
Optional: Janus/SWI-Prolog backend
The Janus backend depends on a local SWI-Prolog installation. On Ubuntu you can install it with:
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:swi-prolog/stable && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install swi-prolog
Once SWI-Prolog is available, install the Python bindings via pip install "pydeeplog[janus_engine]".
Install from source
git clone https://github.com/ML-KULeuven/deeplog.git
cd deeplog
pip install -e ".[examples,tests]"
Editable installs refresh automatically when you change the source tree, which is handy when contributing.
Quick start
import torch
from deeplog import SymTensor, WrappedModule, parse_symbol
# Wrap a plain PyTorch head with symbolic input/output shapes so DeepLog can
# validate every tensor that flows through it.
digits = SymTensor([parse_symbol("digit_a"), parse_symbol("digit_b")])
sigmoid_head = WrappedModule(torch.nn.Sigmoid(), digits, digits, name="sigmoid_head")
print(sigmoid_head(torch.tensor([[1.0, -2.0]])))
# tensor([[0.7311, 0.1192]])
WrappedModule validates tensor shapes against the symbolic specification, so interface mismatches surface as Python errors instead of silent shape bugs when you wire modules into larger reasoning pipelines.
For a taste of the symbolic side, compile a logical formula straight into a differentiable module:
from deeplog import parse_formula_to_module
# Count satisfying assignments of A ∨ B over booleans (= 3: TT, TF, FT).
module = parse_formula_to_module(
"sum(A): sum(B): =(A,true)_boolean or =(B,true)_boolean"
)
print(int(module())) # 3
See examples/ for end-to-end notebooks (MNIST addition, semantic loss, LTN, …) and the full API reference on the docs site.
Documentation & tutorials
- Landing page & docs – All documentation lives under
site/. Build it locally with the steps in Building the documentation site. - Notebooks – The notebooks in
examples/teach DeepLog concept by concept; they are listed below. The docs site sequences a selection of them into two reading paths, one for ML practitioners and one for neurosymbolic developers, and each notebook's page there has an Open in Colab badge. - API reference – Generated automatically via
sphinx-autoapi, covering symbols, shapes, modules, and engine utilities.
Notebooks
Foundations
| Notebook | What it teaches |
|---|---|
symbol |
The Symbol type: DeepLog's lightweight tagged-tuple representation of anything symbolic. |
shape |
SymTensor and how symbolic shapes let DeepLog validate module composition. |
deeplogmodule |
DeepLogModule — the shape-aware torch.nn.Module subclass everything downstream builds on. |
composition |
Combining modules using Sequential and ModuleCircuit, and handling automatic shape transformations. |
Core concepts
| Notebook | What it teaches |
|---|---|
formula_to_module |
Compiling a logical formula straight into a runnable DeepLogModule via parse_formula_to_module. |
ast_and_rewrites |
The materialized formula AST, fold/map_children, and the recognize_expectation/recognize_posterior rewrite passes. |
predicates |
Predicate modules: how symbolic atoms become executable tensor operations. |
01_aggregation_basics |
Aggregation syntax, finite domains, and how DeepLog builds aggregation modules. |
03_free_variables_and_batching |
Free variables are module inputs. |
circuits |
The Circuit DAG and to_module(). |
circuit_transformation |
Transforming circuits between algebraic structures (boolean → probability, etc.). |
language |
Tour of the textual DeepLog formula language and its parser. |
Applications
| Notebook | What it teaches |
|---|---|
problog |
Running ProbLog programs: probabilistic facts, rules, queries, and conditioning on evidence with :- integrity constraints (P(q | e)). |
deepproblog |
Neural predicates: a fact's probability comes from a network instead of a constant (an annotated disjunction compiled via the MV-SDD backend), building up to the classic MNIST-addition experiment. Slow. |
semantic_loss |
A full ML training pipeline that uses a DeepLog formula as a differentiable loss term (semantic loss). Slow. |
ltn |
Reproducing a subset of the Logic Tensor Networks tutorial on top of DeepLog. |
Development workflow
See CONTRIBUTING.md for code quality and testing guidelines.
Public bug reports, questions, and feature requests live on GitHub. Development and code review happen privately, and tagged releases (v*) are mirrored to the public GitHub repository after release.
Building the documentation site
The landing page and docs live under site/ (Sphinx + PyData theme). To preview them locally:
-
Install the site tooling (from the repo root):
pip install -r site/requirements.txt
-
Build the static HTML:
(cd site && make html)
-
Serve the generated pages from
site/build/html. Any static file server works, e.g.:python -m http.server --directory site/build/html 8000
Visit http://localhost:8000 to browse the site. Tools like sphinx-autobuild can provide live reloads, but the above workflow is the canonical build pipeline.
Support & community
- Bugs & questions – Open an issue on GitHub and include reproduction steps plus relevant version information.
- Security reports – Please do not file public issues for security vulnerabilities; instead reach the maintainers privately (see
CONTRIBUTING.mdfor details). - Roadmap discussions – Feature proposals, architectural questions, and broader discussions are welcome via issues.
Contributing
We welcome contributions of all kinds—bug reports, docs, examples, and new modules. Review the contributing guide for coding standards, triage practices, and tips for a smooth review cycle. If you are looking for a first issue, check the tracker for good first issue and help wanted labels.
License
DeepLog is released under the LGPL-2.1 license © DTAI Research Group, KU Leuven.
Metadata
Release files for pydeeplog 4.1.1
For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.
Source distribution (sdist)
| File | Size | Uploaded | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pydeeplog-4.1.1.tar.gz | 147.4 kB | Details |
Built distribution (wheel)
| File | Interpreter | ABI | Platform | Reset |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pydeeplog-4.1.1-py3-none-any.whl | Python 3 | none | any | Details |
Total release size: 330.2 kB
Release files / pydeeplog-4.1.1.tar.gz
| Download URL | pydeeplog-4.1.1.tar.gz |
|---|---|
| Size | 147.4 kB |
| Tags | Source |
|
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums |
f9598ab7affacd01d188a6926f1dbc3414a863914cd4e379fa3264463f3d18e3
|
|
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums |
e2731172b6f2b11af1745c63f6564266a263828a275461ad543d9aa1c3da185d
|
| Upload date | |
|
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing? |
Yes |
| Uploaded via |
twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14
|
Provenance
Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.
PyPI Publish Attestation
PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.
Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 28, 2026.
Transparency logRelease files / pydeeplog-4.1.1-py3-none-any.whl
| Download URL | pydeeplog-4.1.1-py3-none-any.whl |
|---|---|
| Size | 182.8 kB |
| Tags | Python 3 |
|
SHA-256 checksum How to use checksums |
31afe6ed1caf359e056d1eb75bc5a12fec3b4d807313743b2ee5ac119021b259
|
|
BLAKE2b-256 checksum How to use checksums |
a474334f948644681ce8395f2b6c5ba4606bb35f95c54cc9b6f44cf79024f5af
|
| Upload date | |
|
Uploaded using Trusted Publishing? What is trusted publishing? |
Yes |
| Uploaded via |
twine/7.0.0 CPython/3.13.14
|
Provenance
Provenance describes where a file came from. On PyPI, provenance is shared via attestations, which provide a verifiable record of the build or publishing details. View details, limitations and caveats.
PyPI Publish Attestation
PyPI verified that this artifact, at this checksum, originated from the publisher listed below.
Signed by GitHub Actions, verified by PyPI on Sep 28, 2026.
Transparency log