Pangolin: Plane Geometry Library

License

⚠️ Work in Progress: This library is still under construction and contains bugs and missing features. Use in production environments is not recommended.

Pangolin (or pgl) is a C++ library for computational geometry in the plane and pypgl is the official python binding for it. It is designed to be pleasant to use and always exact. Calculations are exact using rational numbers (floating point is not accepted).

import pypgl as pgl

p = pgl.Point(1, 0)
q = pgl.Point(4, '15/2')
s = pgl.Segment(p, q)
t = pgl.Segment(0, 8, '7/3', 1)
if s.intersects(t):
    print(s, "intersects", t)
# Output: (1,0)--(4,15/2) intersects (0,8)--(7/3,1)

Shapes and Predicates

Family Shapes
0-dimensional Point
1-dimensional Segment, OrientedSegment, Line, OrientedLine, Ray, Polyline, MonotoneChain
2-dimensional Halfplane, Triangle, Rectangle, Disk, Convex, Polygon

The following predicates are implemented as methods of all shapes.

  • contains(Shape) Does it contain the other shape?
  • boundaryContains(Shape) Does its boundary contain the other shape?
  • interiorContains(Shape) Does it contain the other shape in the interior?
  • intersects(Shape) Do the two shapes intersect?
  • interiorsIntersect(Shape) Do the interiors of the two shapes intersect?
  • separates(Shape) Does one shape cut the other into two (or more) components?
  • crosses(Shape) Do both shapes separate each other?
import pypgl as pgl

o = pgl.Point()      # Point (0,0)
d = pgl.Disk(o, 10)  # Disk of radius 10 centered at (0,0)
if d.contains(o):
    print("Disk contains", o)
diam = d.diameter()
if d.contains(diam):
    print("Disk contains the diameter")
if not d.interiorContains(diam):
    print("Disk's interior does not contain the diameter")
# Output:
# Disk contains (0,0)
# Disk contains the diameter
# Disk's interior does not contain the diameter

Other Methods

Several other methods are supported by the shapes.

import pypgl as pgl

c = pgl.Convex([pgl.Point(0, 0), pgl.Point(1, 0), pgl.Point(1, 2), pgl.Point(0, 1)])
s = c.diameter()
print("The diameter of", c,
      "is defined by", s,
      "and has length", s.length())
# Output: The diameter of Convex[(0,0),(1,0),(1,2),(0,1)] is defined by (0,0)--(1,2) and has length 2.23607

Visualization

A Canvas class is provided for visualization, exporting to SVG, PDF, or Ipe:

import pypgl as pgl

canvas = pgl.Canvas()
canvas.draw(pgl.Point(0, 0))

tri = pgl.Triangle(-1, -1, 0, 2, 1, -2)
canvas.stroke("green")
canvas.draw(tri)
canvas.stroke("blue")
canvas.draw(2*tri)
canvas.writeSVG("example2.svg")

Algorithms and Data Structures

PGL includes fundamental algorithms and data structures such as:

  • Convex hull: convexHull / convexHullExtended, computed with Graham scan.
  • Line segment intersection: sweep-line and brute-force pair enumeration plus detection predicates, all using rational numbers.
  • Sort points: in place by angle (sortAround) or Hilbert order (hilbertSort).
  • Polyomino enumeration: hole-free free polyominoes as Polygon objects.
  • Kd-tree: for points and a generalization for other bounded shapes.
  • Triangulation: including Delaunay and constrained Delaunay triangulations for points and polygons.

Installation

pypgl requires Python 3.9 or newer.

From PyPI

pip install pypgl

Pre-built wheels are published for CPython 3.9–3.13 on Linux (manylinux_2_28, x86_64), macOS (Apple Silicon), and Windows, so most users need no compiler.

From source

Installing from a source tree or directly from GitHub builds the extension locally and therefore needs a C++20 compiler (GCC 12+, Clang 15+, or, on Windows, the LLVM/ClangCL toolset). The header-only pgl library is fetched automatically by CMake — nothing else to install.

pip install git+https://github.com/gfonsecabr/pypgl.git

Development install

Work on the bindings from a checkout with an editable, in-place build:

git clone https://github.com/gfonsecabr/pypgl.git
cd pypgl
python3 -m venv .venv
.venv/bin/pip install scikit-build-core nanobind pytest
.venv/bin/pip install -e . --no-build-isolation
.venv/bin/python -m pytest tests/ -q

--no-build-isolation lets CMake find the venv's nanobind. Re-run the pip install -e . step after editing any src/*.cpp, since the editable install is what rebuilds the extension. To build against a local pgl checkout instead of the pinned upstream commit:

.venv/bin/pip install -e . --no-build-isolation \
  -C cmake.define.PGL_INCLUDE_DIR=/path/to/pgl/include

More Information

Project links

Data verified by PyPI on Jul 14, 2026
Data provided by the project maintainers, verified at the time the release was uploaded to PyPI.

Key dates

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  • Released:
Newer release available (0.5.1)

1 maintainer

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Avatar for gfonsecabr from gravatar.com gfonsecabr

Credits

Author: Guilherme D. da Fonseca

GitHub Statistics

Data verified by PyPI on Jul 14, 2026
The GitHub source repository was provided by the project maintainers and verified by PyPI at the time of upload. Stars, forks, and open issues/PRs are derived from that repository and have not been independently verified.

License

MIT License (MIT License)

Requires

Python >=3.9

Classifiers

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MD5 2689e3cb52cbd3606564d8dc16cf5c9a
BLAKE2b-256 36862cda989177e4d20353b95d04e0fa745e9beb80b16dedc07badd01ab5dd9d

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Provenance

The following attestation bundles were made for pypgl-0.3.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl:

Publisher: wheels.yml on gfonsecabr/pypgl

Attestations: Values shown here reflect the state when the release was signed and may no longer be current.

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