pyrgg 1.9

Python Random Graph Generator

PyRGG: Python Random Graph Generator

Overview

PyRGG is a user-friendly synthetic random graph generator that is written in Python and supports multiple graph file formats, such as DIMACS-Graph files. It can generate graphs of various sizes and is specifically designed to create input files for a wide range of graph-based research applications, including testing, benchmarking, and performance analysis of graph processing frameworks. PyRGG is aimed at computer scientists who are studying graph algorithms and graph processing frameworks.

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Github Stars

Branch	master	dev
CI

Code Quality

Installation

PyPI

• Check Python Packaging User Guide
• pip install pyrgg==1.9

Source Code

• Download Version 1.9 or Latest Source
• pip install .

Conda

• Check Conda Managing Package
• conda install -c sepandhaghighi pyrgg

Exe Version

⚠️ Only Windows

⚠️ For PyRGG targeting Windows < 10, the user needs to take special care to include the Visual C++ run-time .dlls(for more information visit here)

• Download Exe-Version 1.9
• Run PYRGG-1.9.exe

System Requirements

PyRGG will likely run on a modern dual core PC. Typical configuration is:

• Dual Core CPU (2.0 Ghz+)
• 4GB of RAM

⚠️ Note that it may run on lower end equipment though good performance is not guaranteed

Usage

• Open CMD (Windows) or Terminal (Linux)
• Run pyrgg or python -m pyrgg (or run PYRGG.exe)
• Enter data

Engines

PyRGG

Parameter	Description
Vertices Number (n)	The total number of vertices in the graph
Min Edge Number	The minimum number of edges connected to each vertex
Max Edge Number	The maximum number of edges connected to each vertex
Weighted / Unweighted	Specifies whether the graph is weighted or unweighted
Min Weight	The minimum weight of the edges (if weighted)
Max Weight	The maximum weight of the edges (if weighted)
Signed / Unsigned	Specifies whether the edge weights are signed or unsigned
Directed / Undirected	Specifies whether the graph is directed or undirected
Self Loop / No Self Loop	Specifies whether self-loop is allowed or not
Simple / Multigraph	Specifies whether the graph is a simple graph or a multigraph

Erdős–Rényi-Gilbert

Parameter	Description
Vertices Number (n)	The total number of vertices in the graph
Probability (p)	The probability for an edge creation between any two vertices
Directed / Undirected	Specifies whether the graph is directed or undirected

Erdős–Rényi

Parameter	Description
Vertices Number (n)	The total number of vertices in the graph
Edge Number (m)	The total number of edges in the graph
Directed / Undirected	Specifies whether the graph is directed or undirected

Stochastic Block Model

Parameter	Description
Vertices Number (n)	The total number of vertices in the graph
Block Number (k)	The number of blocks (disjoint subsets)
Block Sizes ([|C1|, |C2|, ... |Ck|])	List of block sizes. The should sum up to n (n = |C1|+|C2|+...+|Ck|).
Probability Matrix ([[P11, P12, ..., P1k], ... [Pk1, Pk2, ..., Pkk]])	Edge probabilities for between and within block connections. For undirected graph only the upper triangular indices would be counted.
Directed / Undirected	Specifies whether the graph is directed or undirected
Self Loop / No Self Loop	Specifies whether self-loop is allowed or not

Barabási-Albert

Parameter	Description
Vertices Number (n)	The total number of vertices in the graph
Attaching Edge Number (k)	The number of edges to attach to a new node

Watts-Strogatz

Parameter	Description
Vertices Number (n)	The total number of vertices in the graph
Mean Degree (k)	The number of connections in the initial lattice (should be a positive even number)
Rewiring Probability (p)	The probability by which each node would be rewired to another node

Supported Formats

DIMACS

	p sp <number of vertices> <number of edges>
	a <head_1> <tail_1> <weight_1>

	.
	.
	.
		
	a <head_n> <tail_n> <weight_n>

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 3KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 13KB)
• Sample 3 (1000000 Vertices , 7MB)
• Sample 4 (5000000 Vertices , 37MB)

CSV

	<head_1>,<tail_1>,<weight_1>

	.
	.
	.
		
	<head_n>,<tail_n>,<weight_n>

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 3KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 51KB)

TSV

	<head_1>	<tail_1>	<weight_1>

	.
	.
	.
		
	<head_n>	<tail_n>	<weight_n>

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 29KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 420KB)

JSON

{
	"properties": {
		"directed": true,
		"signed": true,
		"multigraph": true,
		"weighted": true,
		"self_loop": true
	},
	"graph": {
		"nodes":[
		{
			"id": 1
		},

		.
		.
		.

		{
			"id": n
		}
		],
		"edges":[
		{
			"source": head_1,
			"target": tail_1,
			"weight": weight_1
		},

		.
		.
		.

		{
			"source": head_n,
			"target": tail_n,
			"weight": weight_n
		}
		]
	}
}

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 26KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 494KB)

YAML

 	graph:
 		edges:
 		- source: head_1
 	  	target: tail_1
 	  	weight: weight_1
 	
 		.
 		.
 		.

 		- source: head_n
 	  	target: tail_n
 	  	weight: weight_n
 					
 		nodes:
 		- id: 1

 		.
 		.
 		.

 		- id: n
 	properties:
 		directed: true
 		multigraph: true
 		self_loop: true
 		signed: true
 		weighted: true

• Document
• Sample 1 (30 Vertices , 6KB)
• Sample 2 (100 Vertices , 35KB)

Weighted Edge List

	<head_1> <tail_1> <weight_1>
		
	.
	.
	.
		
	<head_n> <tail_n> <weight_n>	

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 5KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 192KB)

ASP

	node(1).
	.
	.
	.
	node(n).
	edge(head_1,tail_1,weight_1).
	.
	.
	.
	edge(head_n,tail_n,weight_n).

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 7KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 76KB)

Trivial Graph Format

	1
	.
	.
	.
	n
	#
	1 2 weight_1
	.
	.
	.
	n k weight_n

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 4KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 61KB)

UCINET DL Format

	dl
	format=edgelist1
	n=<number of vertices>
	data:
	1 2 weight_1
	.
	.
	.
	n k weight_n	

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 8KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 729KB)

Matrix Market

    %%MatrixMarket matrix coordinate real general
    <number of vertices>  <number of vertices>  <number of edges>
    <head_1>    <tail_1>    <weight_1> 
    .
    .
    .
    <head_n>    <tail_n>    <weight_n> 

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 59KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 1.8MB)

Graph Line

	<head_1> <tail_1>:<weight_1> <tail_2>:<weight_2>  ... <tail_n>:<weight_n>
	<head_2> <tail_1>:<weight_1> <tail_2>:<weight_2>  ... <tail_n>:<weight_n>
	.
	.
	.
	<head_n> <tail_1>:<weight_1> <tail_2>:<weight_2>  ... <tail_n>:<weight_n>

• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 17KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 2.4MB)

GDF

    nodedef>name VARCHAR,label VARCHAR
    node_1,node_1_label
    node_2,node_2_label
    .
    .
    .
    node_n,node_n_label
    edgedef>node1 VARCHAR,node2 VARCHAR, weight DOUBLE
    node_1,node_2,weight_1
    node_1,node_3,weight_2
    .
    .
    .
    node_n,node_2,weight_n 

• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 21KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 690KB)

GML

    graph
    [
      multigraph 0
      directed  0
      node
      [
       id 1
       label "Node 1"
      ]
      node
      [
       id 2
       label "Node 2"
      ]
      .
      .
      .
      node
      [
       id n
       label "Node n"
      ]
      edge
      [
       source 1
       target 2
       value W1
      ]
      edge
      [
       source 2
       target 4
       value W2
      ]
      .
      .
      .
      edge
      [
       source n
       target r
       value Wn
      ]
    ]

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 120KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 2.4MB)

GEXF

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     <gexf xmlns="http://www.gexf.net/1.2draft" version="1.2">
         <meta lastmodifieddate="2009-03-20">
             <creator>PyRGG</creator>
             <description>File Name</description>
         </meta>
         <graph defaultedgetype="directed">
             <nodes>
                 <node id="1" label="Node 1" />
                 <node id="2" label="Node 2" />
                 ...
             </nodes>
             <edges>
                 <edge id="1" source="1" target="2" weight="400" />
                 ...
             </edges>
         </graph>
     </gexf>

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 63KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 6.4MB)

Graphviz

	graph example 
		{
		node1 -- node2 [weight=W1];
		node3 -- node4 [weight=W2];
		node1 -- node3 [weight=W3];
		.
		.
		.
		}

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 11KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 106KB)
• Online Visualization

Pickle

⚠️ Binary format

• Document
• Sample 1 (100 Vertices , 12KB)
• Sample 2 (1000 Vertices , 340KB)

Issues & Bug Reports

Just fill an issue and describe it. We'll check it ASAP! or send an email to [e-mail].

You can also join our discord server

Cite

If you use PyRGG in your research, we would appreciate citations to the following paper:

Haghighi, S., 2017. Pyrgg: Python Random Graph Generator. Journal of Open Source Software, 2(17), p.331.

@article{Haghighi2017,
  doi = {10.21105/joss.00331},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00331},
  year  = {2017},
  month = {sep},
  publisher = {The Open Journal},
  volume = {2},
  number = {17},
  author = {Sepand Haghighi},
  title = {Pyrgg: Python Random Graph Generator},
  journal = {The Journal of Open Source Software}
}

JOSS
Zenodo

References

1- 9th DIMACS Implementation Challenge - Shortest Paths

2- Problem Based Benchmark Suite

3- MaximalClique - ASP Competition 2013

4- Pitas, Ioannis, ed. Graph-based social media analysis. Vol. 39. CRC Press, 2016.

5- Roughan, Matthew, and Jonathan Tuke. "The hitchhikers guide to sharing graph data." 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud. IEEE, 2015.

6- Borgatti, Stephen P., Martin G. Everett, and Linton C. Freeman. "Ucinet for Windows: Software for social network analysis." Harvard, MA: analytic technologies 6 (2002).

7- Matrix Market: File Formats

8- Social Network Visualizer

9- Adar, Eytan. "GUESS: a language and interface for graph exploration." Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems. 2006.

10- Skiena, Steven S. The algorithm design manual. Springer International Publishing, 2020.

11- Chakrabarti, Deepayan, Yiping Zhan, and Christos Faloutsos. "R-MAT: A recursive model for graph mining." Proceedings of the 2004 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2004.

12- Zhong, Jianlong, and Bingsheng He. "An overview of medusa: simplified graph processing on gpus." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 47.8 (2012): 283-284.

13- Ellson, John, et al. "Graphviz and dynagraph—static and dynamic graph drawing tools." Graph drawing software. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004. 127-148.

14- Gilbert, Edgar N. "Random graphs." The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 30.4 (1959): 1141-1144.

15- Erdős, Paul, and Alfréd Rényi. "On the strength of connectedness of a random graph." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 12.1 (1961): 261-267.

16- Barabási, Albert-László, and Réka Albert. "Emergence of scaling in random networks." science 286.5439 (1999): 509-512.

17- Watts, Duncan J., and Steven H. Strogatz. "Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’networks." nature 393.6684 (1998): 440-442.

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Changelog

All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on Keep a Changelog and this project adheres to Semantic Versioning.

Unreleased

1.9 - 2025-10-28

Added

• pyrgg.engines.watts_strogatz module

Changed

• threshold_calc function renamed to calculate_threshold
• description_print function renamed to print_description
• line function renamed to print_line
• input_filter function renamed to filter_input
• filesize function renamed to get_file_size
• time_convert function renamed to convert_time
• String templates modified
• Test system modified
• Python 3.14 added to test.yml
• README.md modified

1.8 - 2025-08-26

Added

• pyrgg.engines.barabasi_albert module

Changed

• CLI messages for stochastic block model updated
• README.md modified
• min_edge renamed to min_edges
• max_edge renamed to max_edges
• weight_dic renamed to weight_dict
• edge_dic renamed to edge_dict

Removed

• handle_prob_matrix function
• handle_pos_list function

1.7 - 2025-05-15

Added

• pyrgg.engines.stochastic_block_model module

Changed

• Python 3.6 support dropped
• Test system modified

1.6 - 2024-11-13

Added

• pyrgg.engines.erdos_reyni module
• save_log function

Changed

• PyPI badge in README.md updated
• logger function format for erdos_reyni_gilbert changed
• GitHub actions are limited to the dev and master branches
• README.md modified
• build_exe.bat modified
• Python 3.13 added to test.yml

1.5 - 2024-09-16

Added

• feature_request.yml template
• config.yml for issue template
• pyrgg.engines package
• pyrgg.engines.pyrgg module
• pyrgg.engines.erdos_reyni_gilbert module
• Erdős-Rényi-Gilbert generation model
• Generation engine menu
• handle_string function
• handle_pos_int function
• handle_output_format function
• handle_engine function
• SECURITY.md

Changed

• Metadata in files modified
• Python 3.5 support dropped
• Bug report template modified
• Cprofile tests separated in files for engines
• README.md modified
• Python 3.12 added to test.yml
• Menu options bug fixed
• Test system modified
• engine parameter added to logger function
• MENU_ITEMS1 parameter changed to MENU_ITEMS
• MENU_ITEMS2 parameter changed to PYRGG_ENGINE_PARAMS
• _update_using_first_menu function changed to _update_using_menu
• _update_using_second_menu function changed to _update_with_engine_params
• ITEM_CONVERTORS renamed to ITEM_HANDLERS
• Website domain changed to https://www.pyrgg.site

Removed

• dimacs_init function

1.4 - 2023-07-06

Added

• check_for_config function
• load_config function
• save_config function

Changed

• README.md modified
• Logo changed
• codecov removed from dev-requirements.txt
• Test system modified
• Error messages updated

1.3 - 2022-11-30

Added

• Graphviz(DOT) format

Changed

• asciinema instruction video updated
• Test system modified
• README.md modified
• Python 3.11 added to test.yml
• CLI mode updated
• dev-requirements.txt updated
• To-do list moved to TODO.md

1.2 - 2022-09-07

Added

• Anaconda workflow
• Discord badge

Changed

• Menu optimized
• Docstrings modified
• branch_gen function modified
• edge_gen function modified
• precision and min_edge parameters added to branch_gen function
• random_edge parameter removed from branch_gen function
• Test system modified
• AUTHORS.md updated
• License updated
• README.md modified
• Python 3.10 added to test.yml

Removed

• sign_gen function
• random_edge_limits function

1.1 - 2021-06-09

Added

• requirements-splitter.py
• is_weighted function
• _write_properties_to_json function
• PYRGG_TEST_MODE parameter

Changed

• Test system modified
• JSON, YAML and Pickle formats value changed from string to number
• properties section added to JSON, YAML and Pickle formats
• _write_to_json function renamed to _write_data_to_json
• logger function modified
• time_convert function modified
• branch_gen function modified
• References updated

1.0 - 2021-01-11

Added

• Number of files option

Changed

• All flags type changed to bool
• Menu optimized
• The logger function enhanced.
• Time format in the logger changed to %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
• dl_maker function modified
• tgf_maker function modified
• gdf_maker function modified
• run function modified

0.9 - 2020-10-07

Added

• GEXF format
• Float weight support
• tox.ini

Changed

• Menu optimized
• pyrgg.py renamed to graph_gen.py
• Other functions moved to functions.py
• Test system modified
• params.py refactored
• graph_gen.py refactored
• functions.py refactored
• weight_str_to_number function renamed to convert_str_to_number
• branch_gen function bugs fixed
• input_filter function bug fixed
• gl_maker function bug fixed
• CONTRIBUTING.md updated
• AUTHORS.md updated

Removed

• print_test function
• left_justify function
• justify function
• zero_insert function

0.8 - 2020-08-19

Added

• GDF format
• GML format

Changed

• CLI snapshots updated
• AUTHORS.md updated

0.7 - 2020-08-07

Added

• Graph Line format

Changed

• Menu optimized

0.6 - 2020-07-24

Added

• Matrix Market format

Changed

• json_maker function optimized
• dl_maker function optimized
• tgf_maker function optimized
• lp_maker function optimized

0.5 - 2020-07-01

Added

• TSV format
• Multigraph control

Changed

• branch_gen function modified
• Website changed to https://www.pyrgg.ir

0.4 - 2020-06-17

Added

• Self loop control
• Github action

Changed

• appveyor.yml updated

0.3 - 2019-11-29

Added

• __version__ variable
• CHANGELOG.md
• dev-requirements.txt
• requirements.txt
• CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
• ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
• PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
• CONTRIBUTING.md
• version_check.py
• pyrgg_profile.py
• Unweighted graph
• Undirected graph
• Exe version

Changed

• Test system modified
• README.md modified
• Docstrings modified
• get_input function modified
• edge_gen function modified
• Parameters moved to params.py

0.2 - 2017-09-20

Added

• CSV format
• YAML format
• Weighted edge list format (WEL)
• ASP format
• Trivial graph format (TGF)
• UCINET DL format
• Pickle format

0.1 - 2017-08-19

Added

• DIMACS format
• JSON format
• README