pyrsistent 0.5.0

Persistent data structures

Pyrsistent is a number of persistent collections (by some referred to as functional data structures). Persistent in the sense that they are immutable. The collection types currently implemented are PVector (similar to a python list), PMap (similar to a python dict), PSet (similar to a python set) and PBag (similar to collections.Counter).

All methods on a data structure that would normally mutate it instead return a new copy of the structure containing the requested updates. The original structure is left untouched.

This will simplify the reasoning about what a program does since no hidden side effects ever can take place to these data structures. You can rest assured that the object you hold a reference to will remain the same throughout its lifetime and need not worry that somewhere five stack levels below you in the darkest corner of your application someone has decided to remove that element that you expected to be there.

The following code snippet illustrates the difference between the built in, regular, list and the vector which is part of this library

>>> from pyrsistent import v
>>> l = [1, 2, 3]
>>> l.append(4)
>>> print l
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> p1 = v(1, 2, 3)
>>> p2 = p1.append(4)
>>> print p1
pvector([1, 2, 3])
>>> print p2
pvector([1, 2, 3, 4])

Pyrsistent is influenced by persistent data structures such as those found in the standard library of Clojure. It aims at taking these concepts and make them as pythonic as possible so that they can be easily integrated into any python program without hassle.

Compatibility

Pyrsistent is developed and tested on Python 2.7, 3.2, 3.4 and PyPy (Python 2.7 compatible). It will most likely work on all other versions >= 3.2 but no guarantees are given. :)

Performance

Pyrsistent is developed with performance in mind. Still, while some operations are nearly on par with their built in, mutable, counterparts in terms of speed, other operations are considerably slower. In the cases where attempts at optimizations have been done, speed has generally been valued over space.

Pyrsistent comes with two API compatible flavors of PVector (on which PMap and PSet are based), one pure Python implementation and one implemented as a C extension. The latter generally being 2 - 20 times faster than the former. The C extension will be used automatically when possible.

The pure python implementation is fully PyPy compatible. Running it under PyPy speeds operations up considerably if the structures are used heavily (if JITed), for some cases the performance is almost on par with the built in counterparts.

Installation

pip install pyrsistent

Documentation

Available at http://pyrsistent.readthedocs.org/

Contributors

Tobias Gustafsson https://github.com/tobgu

Christopher Armstrong https://github.com/radix

Contributing

If you experience problems please log them on GitHub. If you want to contribute code, please fork the code and submit a pull request.