quando 0.2.1

Time translation & holiday tracking for backtesting pipelines

quando

Navigate trading calendars, business days, and market periods — with zero fuss.

quando is a lightweight library for business day arithmetic and market calendar utilities. It auto-detects any date input, resolves holidays via exchange-calendars, and provides 52 methods covering everything from date conversion to settlement dates and rebalancing triggers.

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Features

• 52 methods — conversion, timezone, validation, day checks, navigation, ranges, period boundaries, settlement, and expiry
• Auto-detecting inputs — string (ISO, compact, US, slash), datetime, date, int/float (Unix epoch or Excel West serial)
• Exchange calendars — NYSE, EUREX, LSE, TSX, ASX, HKEX, JPX, CME via exchange-calendars; any exchange code works
• Custom holidays — add, remove, and persist overrides to JSON; merged transparently at query time
• Period boundaries — month, quarter, year, and ISO week; always snaps to the nearest business day
• Rebalancing triggers — is_month_end(), is_quarter_end(), is_year_end() for signal and rebalance logic
• Settlement & expiry — T+N conventions, COB roll-back, and monthly/quarterly/weekly expiry dates
• Pluggable calendars — load a custom JSON calendar file and set it as the active default with one call

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Installation

pip install quando

Or with uv:

uv add quando

For development:

git clone https://github.com/aexsalomao/quando
cd quando
uv sync --extra dev

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Quick Start

import quando as q

q.use("NYSE")  # set global calendar (default if omitted)

# Parse anything
q.to_datetime("20240115")             # datetime(2024, 1, 15, tzinfo=UTC)
q.to_datetime(45306)                  # Excel West serial → 2024-01-15
q.to_datetime(1705276800.0)           # Unix epoch

# Day checks
q.is_business_day("2024-01-15")       # False — MLK Day
q.is_holiday("2024-01-15")            # True
q.is_weekend("2024-01-13")            # True

# Navigation
q.next_business_day("2024-12-24")     # Dec 26 (Christmas skip)
q.add_business_days("2024-01-10", 5)  # Jan 17
q.snap("2024-01-13", "forward")       # Jan 15... wait, holiday → Jan 16

# Period boundaries
q.start_of_month("2024-09-15")        # Sep 3 (Sep 1 is Sunday, Sep 2 is Labor Day)
q.end_of_quarter("2024-01-15")        # Mar 28 (Mar 31 is Sunday, Mar 29 Good Friday)
q.end_of_year("2024-06-01")           # Dec 31

# Rebalancing triggers
if q.is_month_end("2024-01-31"):
    print("rebalance!")               # prints — Jan 31 is last NYSE trading day

# Date ranges & counting
q.date_range("2024-01-01", "2024-01-31")   # list of 21 trading days
q.trading_days_in_year(2024)               # 252
q.business_days_between("2024-01-01", "2024-01-31")  # 21

# Settlement & expiry
q.to_settlement_date("2024-06-10", "T+2")  # Jun 12
q.next_expiry("2024-01-01", "monthly")     # Jan 19 (third Friday)
q.days_to_expiry("2024-01-10", "2024-01-19")  # 6 business days

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API

Setup

Call	Returns	Notes
q.use(cal)	None	Set global calendar: "NYSE", "LSE", "EUREX", …
q.verbose(flag)	None	Toggle internal debug logging
q.as_of(value)	None	Set reference date for expiry/settlement calculations

Conversions

Call	Returns
q.to_timestamp(value)	float — Unix epoch
q.to_datetime(value)	datetime — UTC-aware
q.to_west(value)	int — Excel serial (days since 1899-12-30)
q.to_iso(value)	str — ISO 8601 (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+00:00)
q.convert(value, to_fmt)	any — to_fmt ∈ "timestamp", "datetime", "west", "iso"
q.to_timestamps(values)	list[float]
q.to_datetimes(values)	list[datetime]

Timezone

Call	Returns
q.shift_tz(value, tz)	datetime — clock converted to target timezone
q.localize(value, tz)	datetime — timezone attached, clock unchanged
q.strip_tz(value)	datetime — naive, expressed in UTC

Validation & Comparison

Call	Returns
q.is_valid(value)	bool — True if quando can parse the input
q.is_same_day(a, b)	bool
q.is_before(a, b)	bool — True if a < b
q.is_after(a, b)	bool — True if a > b

Day Checks

Call	Returns
q.is_weekend(value)	bool — no calendar needed
q.is_holiday(value, cal=None)	bool — weekday that is a market holiday
q.is_business_day(value, cal=None)	bool — not weekend and not holiday
q.is_expiry_day(value)	bool — third Friday of the month
q.day_of_week(value)	str — e.g. "Monday"

Holiday Management

Call	Returns
q.list_holidays(year, cal=None)	list[tuple[date, str]] — sorted (date, name) pairs
q.add_holiday(value, name, cal=None)	None — add a custom holiday override
q.remove_holiday(value, cal=None)	None — remove a holiday from the active calendar

Date Navigation

Call	Returns
q.next_business_day(value, cal=None)	datetime
q.prev_business_day(value, cal=None)	datetime
q.add_business_days(value, n, cal=None)	datetime — negative n goes backward
q.snap(value, direction, cal=None)	datetime — direction ∈ "forward", "backward", "nearest"

Date Ranges & Counting

Call	Returns
q.business_days_between(start, end, cal=None)	int — exclusive of both endpoints
q.date_range(start, end, cal=None)	list[datetime] — all business days, inclusive
q.trading_days_in_month(value, cal=None)	int
q.trading_days_in_year(year, cal=None)	int — annualization factor (typically 252)
q.filter_business_days(values, cal=None)	list — only the business days from input

Period Boundaries

All period functions return a UTC-aware datetime that lands on a business day.

Call	Returns
q.start_of_month(value, cal=None)	datetime — first business day of month
q.end_of_month(value, cal=None)	datetime — last business day of month
q.start_of_quarter(value, cal=None)	datetime — first business day of quarter
q.end_of_quarter(value, cal=None)	datetime — last business day of quarter
q.start_of_year(value, cal=None)	datetime — first business day of year
q.end_of_year(value, cal=None)	datetime — last business day of year
q.start_of_week(value, cal=None)	datetime — first business day of ISO week
q.end_of_week(value, cal=None)	datetime — last business day of ISO week

Period Boundary Checks

Useful as rebalancing triggers in a backtest loop.

Call	Returns
q.is_month_end(value, cal=None)	bool — True if value is the last business day of its month
q.is_quarter_end(value, cal=None)	bool — True if value is the last business day of its quarter
q.is_year_end(value, cal=None)	bool — True if value is the last business day of its year

Settlement & Expiry

Call	Returns
q.to_settlement_date(value, convention, cal=None)	datetime — e.g. convention="T+2" adds 2 business days
q.to_cob(value, cal=None)	datetime — close-of-business; rolls back if non-business day
q.next_expiry(value, contract_type)	datetime — contract_type ∈ "monthly", "quarterly", "weekly"
q.days_to_expiry(value, expiry, cal=None)	int — business days to expiry

Reference & I/O

Call	Returns
q.today(cal=None)	datetime — today, tz-aware in the exchange's local timezone
q.load_calendar(path)	None — load JSON calendar file and set as active
q.save_calendar(path, cal=None)	None — export custom holiday additions to JSON

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Supported Calendars

Alias	Exchange	Timezone
NYSE	New York Stock Exchange	America/New_York
EUREX	Eurex	Europe/Berlin
LSE	London Stock Exchange	Europe/London
TSX	Toronto Stock Exchange	America/Toronto
ASX	Australian Securities Exchange	Australia/Sydney
HKEX	Hong Kong Exchanges	Asia/Hong_Kong
JPX	Japan Exchange Group	Asia/Tokyo
CME	Chicago Mercantile Exchange	America/Chicago

Any exchange-calendars exchange code (e.g. "XLON", "XEUR") also works directly.

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Custom Calendars

import quando as q

# Add a one-off closure
q.use("NYSE")
q.add_holiday("2024-07-05", "Independence Day (observed)")

# Persist to JSON
q.save_calendar("my_calendar.json")

# Load it back in another session
q.load_calendar("my_calendar.json")  # also calls q.use() with the saved calendar name

JSON schema:

{
  "name": "NYSE",
  "holidays": [
    {"date": "2024-07-05", "name": "Independence Day (observed)"}
  ]
}

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Running Tests

pytest
pytest --cov=quando   # with coverage

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License

MIT © Antônio Salomão