raise 1.1.2

Raise exceptions with a function instead of a statement.

Raise exceptions with a function instead of a statement.

Provides a minimal, clean, and portable interface for raising exceptions with all the advantages of functions over syntax.

Versioning

This library’s version numbers follow the SemVer 2.0.0 specification.

Installation

pip install raise

If you need to get it manually, or you need the “no traceback” variant, see the Manual Installation section for tips.

Usage

Import raise_:

from raise_ import raise_

Raise an exception:

raise_(Exception('foo'))

Raise an exception with a traceback:

raise_(Exception('foo'), traceback)

Raise in a lambda:

lambda x: x if x > 0 else raise_(ValueError('x is too small!'))

And of course because raise_ is a function, you can combine it with functools.partial and other functional programming libraries and techniques for many more uses.

Surprises

In Python 3, the raise statement reuses the __traceback__ attribute every time it raises an exception unless you explicitly set another traceback. The raise_ function does not reuse __traceback__, and instead clears it if you do not pass in a traceback, as if you passed in None. If you want the Python 3 behavior of reusing the __traceback__, you should explicitly pass it in:

raise_(exception, exception.__traceback__)

Or, if you want to gracefully degrade on Python implementations which do not have __traceback__ on their exceptions:

raise_(exception, getattr(exception, '__traceback__', None))

Portability

Portable to all releases of both Python 3 and Python 2.

(The oldest tested is 2.5, but it will likely work on all Python 2 versions and probably on even earlier versions.)

For implementations of Python that do not support raising with a custom traceback, a “no traceback” variant can be installed manually.

Manual Installation

Depending on your needs, either:

• Take one of these files and save it as raise_.py:

  • raise_3.py is for Python 3.

  • raise_2.py is for Python 2.

  • raise_no_traceback.py is for Python implementations which do not support raising exceptions with a custom traceback.

• Take all of the above files and the __init__.py file and save them in a folder called raise_.

That way you can always do from raise_ import raise_ in all of your other code and it’ll just work.

You are of course welcome to just copy-paste the tiny raise_ function definition into your code, just keep in mind the compatibility issues involved: your code will only work without modification on Python versions compatible with the version you chose, and Python 2’s version causes a SyntaxError in Python 3.