raptorbt 0.4.1

High-performance Rust backtesting engine with Python bindings. Bar-level and tick-level simulation with sub-millisecond execution and a minimal footprint.

RaptorBT

Blazing-fast backtesting for the modern quant.

RaptorBT is a high-performance backtesting engine written in Rust with Python bindings via PyO3. It runs single-instrument, basket, pairs, options, spread, multi-strategy, and tick-level backtests over any OHLCV or tick arrays — from any broker, market, or asset class — and returns a full performance report in sub-millisecond time.

Sub-millisecond backtests · <1 MB compiled engine · Bit-for-bit deterministic

---

Quick Install

pip install raptorbt

30-Second Example

import numpy as np
import raptorbt

# Configure
config = raptorbt.PyBacktestConfig(initial_capital=100000, fees=0.001)

# Run backtest
result = raptorbt.run_single_backtest(
    timestamps=timestamps,
    open=open,
    high=high,
    low=low,
    close=close,
    volume=volume,
    entries=entries,
    exits=exits,
    direction=1,
    weight=1.0,
    symbol="AAPL",
    config=config,
)

# Results
print(f"Return: {result.metrics.total_return_pct:.2f}%")
print(f"Sharpe: {result.metrics.sharpe_ratio:.2f}")

RaptorBT is open source (MIT) and developed by the Alphabench team.

---

Table of Contents

• Overview
• Performance
• Strategy Types
• Metrics
• Indicators
• Stop-Loss & Take-Profit
• Monte Carlo Portfolio Simulation
• API Reference
• Building from Source

---

Overview

RaptorBT compiles to a single native extension and runs entirely in Rust, so a full backtest with all 33 metrics finishes in well under a millisecond on typical bar counts. Measured on an Apple M4 (raptorbt 0.4.0):

Metric	RaptorBT
Compiled engine size	<1 MB
Backtest speed (1K bars)	~0.03 ms
Backtest speed (10K bars)	~0.25 ms
Backtest speed (50K bars)	~1.4 ms
Memory usage	Low (native)

See Performance for the full method and how to reproduce these numbers on your own hardware.

Key Features

• 7 Strategy Types: Single instrument, basket/collective, pairs trading, options, spreads, multi-strategy, and tick-level
• Asset- and broker-agnostic: Pass NumPy OHLCV or tick arrays from any source — equities, futures, FX, crypto, options — RaptorBT never assumes a market or data vendor
• Tick-Level Simulation: Full tick resolution for intraday options momentum, scalping, and microstructure strategies
• Batch Spread Backtesting: Run multiple spread backtests in parallel via Rayon with GIL released
• Monte Carlo Simulation: Correlated multi-asset forward projection via GBM + Cholesky decomposition
• 33 Metrics: Sharpe, Sortino, Calmar, Omega, SQN, Payoff Ratio, Recovery Factor, and more
• 20 Indicator & Tick Functions: 12 classic technical indicators (SMA, EMA, RSI, MACD, Stochastic, ATR, Bollinger Bands, ADX, VWAP, Supertrend, Rolling Min/Max) plus 8 tick microstructure/feature functions
• Stop/Target Management: Fixed, ATR-based, and trailing stops with risk-reward targets
• Deterministic: Identical inputs produce bit-for-bit identical results across runs — no JIT compilation variance
• Native Parallelism: Rayon-based parallel processing with explicit SIMD optimizations

---

Performance

Benchmark Results

Measured on an Apple M4 (raptorbt 0.4.0, Python 3.11) with random-walk price data and an SMA-crossover strategy. Each figure is the fastest of several hundred repetitions of run_single_backtest (so it reflects engine time, not scheduler noise):

┌─────────────┬───────────┐
│ Data Size   │ RaptorBT  │
├─────────────┼───────────┤
│ 1,000 bars  │ 0.03 ms   │
│ 5,000 bars  │ 0.13 ms   │
│ 10,000 bars │ 0.25 ms   │
│ 50,000 bars │ 1.37 ms   │
└─────────────┴───────────┘

Timings scale roughly linearly with bar count and will vary with your CPU, data, and signal density. Reproduce them with the Verification Test below, swapping in your own array sizes.

Determinism

RaptorBT is fully deterministic: the same inputs produce bit-for-bit identical results across runs (no JIT warmup, no nondeterministic reductions). Running the Verification Test five times in a row on this machine produced the same total return every time, to the last decimal:

Total return:           -30.6192%  (seed=42, 500 bars, periodic entries/exits)
Max difference across 5 runs: 0.0000000000%

(The exact return depends on your data and signals — the point is that it does not change between runs.)

---

Strategy Types

All strategy entrypoints take NumPy arrays directly. Signals (entries / exits) are boolean arrays you compute however you like — pandas, the built-in indicators, or your own model. The engine is asset- and broker-agnostic: timestamps are int64 (nanoseconds for tick data; any monotonic int for bars), prices are float64.

1. Single Instrument

Long or short on one instrument. This is the canonical example — the other strategy types follow the same shape.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import raptorbt

df = pd.read_csv("your_data.csv", index_col=0, parse_dates=True)

# Signals (SMA crossover) — any boolean arrays work here
sma_fast = df["close"].rolling(10).mean()
sma_slow = df["close"].rolling(20).mean()
entries = (sma_fast > sma_slow) & (sma_fast.shift(1) <= sma_slow.shift(1))
exits = (sma_fast < sma_slow) & (sma_fast.shift(1) >= sma_slow.shift(1))

config = raptorbt.PyBacktestConfig(initial_capital=100000, fees=0.001, slippage=0.0005)
config.set_fixed_stop(0.02)    # optional 2% stop-loss
config.set_fixed_target(0.04)  # optional 4% take-profit

result = raptorbt.run_single_backtest(
    timestamps=df.index.astype("int64").values,
    open=df["open"].values,
    high=df["high"].values,
    low=df["low"].values,
    close=df["close"].values,
    volume=df["volume"].values,
    entries=entries.values,
    exits=exits.values,
    direction=1,   # 1 = long, -1 = short
    weight=1.0,
    symbol="AAPL",
    config=config,
    instrument_config=raptorbt.PyInstrumentConfig(lot_size=1.0),  # optional: lot rounding, capital cap
)

print(f"Return {result.metrics.total_return_pct:.2f}%  "
      f"Sharpe {result.metrics.sharpe_ratio:.2f}  "
      f"MaxDD {result.metrics.max_drawdown_pct:.2f}%  "
      f"Trades {result.metrics.total_trades}")

equity = result.equity_curve()  # np.ndarray
trades = result.trades()        # list[PyTrade]

2. Basket/Collective

Trade multiple instruments with synchronized signals.

instruments = [
    (timestamps, open1, high1, low1, close1, volume1, entries1, exits1, 1, 0.33, "AAPL"),
    (timestamps, open2, high2, low2, close2, volume2, entries2, exits2, 1, 0.33, "GOOGL"),
    (timestamps, open3, high3, low3, close3, volume3, entries3, exits3, 1, 0.34, "MSFT"),
]

# Optional: Per-instrument configs for lot_size and capital allocation
instrument_configs = {
    "AAPL": raptorbt.PyInstrumentConfig(lot_size=1.0, alloted_capital=33000),
    "GOOGL": raptorbt.PyInstrumentConfig(lot_size=1.0, alloted_capital=33000),
    "MSFT": raptorbt.PyInstrumentConfig(lot_size=1.0, alloted_capital=34000),
}

result = raptorbt.run_basket_backtest(
    instruments=instruments,
    config=config,
    sync_mode="all",  # "all", "any", "majority", "master"
    instrument_configs=instrument_configs,  # Optional
)

Sync Modes:

• all: Enter only when ALL instruments signal
• any: Enter when ANY instrument signals
• majority: Enter when >50% of instruments signal
• master: Follow the first instrument's signals

3. Pairs Trading

Long one instrument, short another with optional hedge ratio.

result = raptorbt.run_pairs_backtest(
    # Long leg
    leg1_timestamps=timestamps,
    leg1_open=long_open,
    leg1_high=long_high,
    leg1_low=long_low,
    leg1_close=long_close,
    leg1_volume=long_volume,
    # Short leg
    leg2_timestamps=timestamps,
    leg2_open=short_open,
    leg2_high=short_high,
    leg2_low=short_low,
    leg2_close=short_close,
    leg2_volume=short_volume,
    # Signals
    entries=entries,
    exits=exits,
    direction=1,
    symbol="TCS_INFY",
    config=config,
    hedge_ratio=1.5,      # Short 1.5x the long position
    dynamic_hedge=False,  # Use rolling hedge ratio
)

4. Options

Backtest options strategies with strike selection.

result = raptorbt.run_options_backtest(
    timestamps=timestamps,
    open=underlying_open,
    high=underlying_high,
    low=underlying_low,
    close=underlying_close,
    volume=volume,
    option_prices=option_prices,  # Option premium series
    entries=entries,
    exits=exits,
    direction=1,
    symbol="NIFTY_CE",
    config=config,
    option_type="call",           # "call" or "put"
    strike_selection="atm",       # "atm", "otm1", "otm2", "itm1", "itm2"
    size_type="percent",          # "percent", "contracts", "notional", "risk"
    size_value=0.1,               # 10% of capital
    lot_size=50,                  # Options lot size
    strike_interval=50.0,         # Strike interval (e.g., 50 for NIFTY)
)

5. Multi-Strategy

Combine multiple strategies on the same instrument.

strategies = [
    (entries_sma, exits_sma, 1, 0.4, "SMA_Crossover"),    # 40% weight
    (entries_rsi, exits_rsi, 1, 0.35, "RSI_MeanRev"),     # 35% weight
    (entries_bb, exits_bb, 1, 0.25, "BB_Breakout"),       # 25% weight
]

result = raptorbt.run_multi_backtest(
    timestamps=timestamps,
    open=open_prices,
    high=high_prices,
    low=low_prices,
    close=close_prices,
    volume=volume,
    strategies=strategies,
    config=config,
    combine_mode="any",  # "any", "all", "majority", "weighted", "independent"
)

Combine Modes:

• any: Enter when any strategy signals
• all: Enter only when all strategies signal
• majority: Enter when >50% of strategies signal
• weighted: Weight signals by strategy weight
• independent: Run strategies independently (aggregate PnL)

6. Batch Spread Backtest

Run multiple spread backtests in parallel. Shared data (timestamps, underlying close) is converted once, then each item is backtested on its own Rayon thread with the GIL released for maximum throughput.

import numpy as np
import raptorbt

config = raptorbt.PyBacktestConfig(initial_capital=100000, fees=0.001)

# Create batch items — one per strategy variation
items = [
    raptorbt.PyBatchSpreadItem(
        strategy_id="straddle_24000",
        legs_premiums=[call_24000_premiums, put_24000_premiums],
        leg_configs=[("CE", 24000.0, -1, 50), ("PE", 24000.0, -1, 50)],
        entries=entries,
        exits=exits,
        spread_type="straddle",
        max_loss=5000.0,
        target_profit=3000.0,
    ),
    raptorbt.PyBatchSpreadItem(
        strategy_id="strangle_23500_24500",
        legs_premiums=[call_24500_premiums, put_23500_premiums],
        leg_configs=[("CE", 24500.0, -1, 50), ("PE", 23500.0, -1, 50)],
        entries=entries,
        exits=exits,
        spread_type="strangle",
    ),
]

# Run all in parallel — returns list of (strategy_id, result) tuples
results = raptorbt.batch_spread_backtest(
    timestamps=timestamps,
    underlying_close=underlying_close,
    items=items,
    config=config,
)

for strategy_id, result in results:
    print(f"{strategy_id}: {result.metrics.total_return_pct:.2f}%")

7. Tick-Level Backtest

Simulate intraday strategies at full tick resolution — no bar resampling, no intra-bar path approximation. Designed for options momentum, scalping, and any setup where the exact fill tick matters.

import numpy as np
import raptorbt

# Raw tick arrays (one element per tick, same length N)
# buy_qty_delta / sell_qty_delta must be per-tick deltas, NOT Zerodha cumulative sums
result = raptorbt.run_tick_backtest(
    timestamps=timestamps_ns,       # int64 nanoseconds-since-epoch
    ltp=ltp_arr,                    # last traded price
    bid=bid_arr,
    ask=ask_arr,
    buy_qty_delta=buy_delta,        # pre-converted from cumulative: np.diff(buy_cum).clip(0)
    sell_qty_delta=sell_delta,
    oi=oi_arr,
    entries=entry_signals,          # bool array — True where entry is allowed
    exits=exit_signals,             # bool array — True where position should exit
    symbol="NIFTY26APR24600PE",
    initial_capital=100_000.0,
    fees=0.001,
    slippage=0.0005,
    stop_loss_pct=5.0,
    take_profit_pct=10.0,
    max_hold_seconds=1800,          # 30-minute maximum hold
    entry_cooldown_ticks=10,        # minimum ticks between entries
    max_trades=50,
)

print(f"trades: {result.metrics.total_trades}")
print(f"profit_factor: {result.metrics.profit_factor:.2f}")
print(f"win_rate: {result.metrics.win_rate_pct:.1f}%")

Tick Signal & Feature Helpers

Precompute entry/exit signal arrays and tick microstructure features before calling run_tick_backtest:

# Signal arrays
entries = raptorbt.compute_tick_entry_signals(
    spread_pct=raptorbt.tick_spread_pct(bid, ask),
    bsi_delta=raptorbt.buy_sell_imbalance_delta(buy_cum, sell_cum),  # pass raw cumulative
    return_1m=raptorbt.return_window(timestamps_ns, ltp, window_seconds=60.0),
    spread_pct_max=3.0,
    bsi_min=0.55,           # minimum buy-side delta fraction
    return_1m_min_abs=0.3,  # minimum 1-min return % (abs)
    return_direction=1,     # +1 long, -1 short
    cooldown_ticks=10,
)
exits = raptorbt.compute_tick_exit_signals(
    timestamps_ns=timestamps_ns,
    eod_exit_time_ns=eod_ns,   # force exit at/after this timestamp; 0 = disabled
)

# Feature arrays (all return Vec<f64> of same length as input)
spread   = raptorbt.tick_spread_pct(bid, ask)               # (ask-bid)/mid * 100
bsi      = raptorbt.buy_sell_imbalance_delta(buy_cum, sell_cum)  # delta BSI per tick
ret_1m   = raptorbt.return_window(ts_ns, ltp, 60.0)         # 1-min lookback return %
vol      = raptorbt.realized_vol_rolling(ts_ns, ltp, 300.0)  # 5-min realized vol %
oi_pos   = raptorbt.oi_position_pct(oi, oi_day_high, oi_day_low)  # [0, 100]
velocity = raptorbt.tick_velocity(ts_ns, 60.0)              # ticks/min over last 60s

Important for Zerodha data: total_buy_qty and total_sell_qty from KiteTicker are cumulative session running sums, not per-tick values. Pass them as-is to buy_sell_imbalance_delta (it computes deltas internally). For run_tick_backtest, convert first: buy_delta = np.diff(buy_cum, prepend=0).clip(min=0).

---

Metrics

Every backtest returns a PyBacktestMetrics object exposing 33 metric fields (listed in full under PyBacktestMetrics). metrics.to_dict() returns a subset of 24 of them under human-readable labels (e.g. "Sharpe Ratio", "Total Return [%]") for quick display; read fields directly off the object to access all 33. The most useful are grouped below.

Core Performance

Metric	Description
total_return_pct	Total return as percentage
sharpe_ratio	Risk-adjusted return (annualized)
sortino_ratio	Downside risk-adjusted return
calmar_ratio	Return / Max Drawdown
omega_ratio	Probability-weighted gains/losses

Drawdown

Metric	Description
max_drawdown_pct	Maximum peak-to-trough decline
max_drawdown_duration	Longest drawdown period (bars)

Trade Statistics

Metric	Description
total_trades	Total number of trades
total_closed_trades	Number of closed trades
total_open_trades	Number of open positions
winning_trades	Number of profitable trades
losing_trades	Number of losing trades
win_rate_pct	Percentage of winning trades

Trade Performance

Metric	Description
profit_factor	Gross profit / Gross loss
expectancy	Average expected profit per trade
sqn	System Quality Number
avg_trade_return_pct	Average trade return
avg_win_pct	Average winning trade return
avg_loss_pct	Average losing trade return
best_trade_pct	Best single trade return
worst_trade_pct	Worst single trade return

Duration

Metric	Description
avg_holding_period	Average trade duration (bars)
avg_winning_duration	Average winning trade duration
avg_losing_duration	Average losing trade duration

Streaks

Metric	Description
max_consecutive_wins	Longest winning streak
max_consecutive_losses	Longest losing streak

Other

Metric	Description
start_value	Initial portfolio value
end_value	Final portfolio value
total_fees_paid	Total transaction costs
open_trade_pnl	Unrealized PnL from open positions
exposure_pct	Percentage of time in market

---

Indicators

RaptorBT exports 12 classic technical indicators, computed in native Rust and operating on (and returning) NumPy arrays:

import raptorbt

# Trend indicators
sma = raptorbt.sma(close, period=20)
ema = raptorbt.ema(close, period=20)
supertrend, direction = raptorbt.supertrend(high, low, close, period=10, multiplier=3.0)

# Momentum indicators
rsi = raptorbt.rsi(close, period=14)
macd_line, signal_line, histogram = raptorbt.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)  # fast, slow, signal (positional)
stoch_k, stoch_d = raptorbt.stochastic(high, low, close, k_period=14, d_period=3)

# Volatility indicators
atr = raptorbt.atr(high, low, close, period=14)
upper, middle, lower = raptorbt.bollinger_bands(close, period=20, std_dev=2.0)

# Strength indicators
adx = raptorbt.adx(high, low, close, period=14)

# Volume indicators
vwap = raptorbt.vwap(high, low, close, volume)

# Rolling indicators (LLV / HHV)
rolling_low = raptorbt.rolling_min(low, period=20)    # Lowest Low Value
rolling_high = raptorbt.rolling_max(high, period=20)  # Highest High Value

In addition, 8 tick microstructure / feature functions are available for tick-level work (tick_spread_pct, buy_sell_imbalance_delta, return_window, realized_vol_rolling, oi_position_pct, tick_velocity, compute_tick_entry_signals, compute_tick_exit_signals) — see Tick-Level Backtest.

---

Stop-Loss & Take-Profit

Fixed Percentage

config = raptorbt.PyBacktestConfig(initial_capital=100000, fees=0.001)
config.set_fixed_stop(0.02)    # 2% stop-loss
config.set_fixed_target(0.04)  # 4% take-profit

ATR-Based

config.set_atr_stop(multiplier=2.0, period=14)    # 2x ATR stop
config.set_atr_target(multiplier=3.0, period=14)  # 3x ATR target

Trailing Stop

config.set_trailing_stop(0.02)  # 2% trailing stop

Risk-Reward Target

config.set_risk_reward_target(ratio=2.0)  # 2:1 risk-reward ratio

---

Monte Carlo Portfolio Simulation

RaptorBT includes a high-performance Monte Carlo forward simulation engine for portfolio risk analysis. It uses Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) with Cholesky decomposition for correlated multi-asset simulation, parallelized via Rayon.

import numpy as np
import raptorbt

# Historical daily returns per strategy/asset (numpy arrays)
returns = [
    np.array([0.001, -0.002, 0.003, ...]),  # Strategy 1 returns
    np.array([0.002, 0.001, -0.001, ...]),   # Strategy 2 returns
]

# Portfolio weights (must sum to 1.0)
weights = np.array([0.6, 0.4])

# Correlation matrix (N x N)
correlation_matrix = [
    np.array([1.0, 0.3]),
    np.array([0.3, 1.0]),
]

# Run simulation
result = raptorbt.simulate_portfolio_mc(
    returns=returns,
    weights=weights,
    correlation_matrix=correlation_matrix,
    initial_value=100000.0,
    n_simulations=10000,   # Number of Monte Carlo paths (default: 10,000)
    horizon_days=252,      # Forward projection horizon (default: 252)
    seed=42,               # Random seed for reproducibility (default: 42)
)

# Results
print(f"Expected Return: {result['expected_return']:.2f}%")
print(f"Probability of Loss: {result['probability_of_loss']:.2%}")
print(f"VaR (95%): {result['var_95']:.2f}%")
print(f"CVaR (95%): {result['cvar_95']:.2f}%")

# Percentile paths: list of (percentile, path_values)
# Percentiles: 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th
for pct, path in result['percentile_paths']:
    print(f"  P{pct:.0f} final value: {path[-1]:.2f}")

# Final values: numpy array of terminal values for all simulations
final_values = result['final_values']  # numpy array, length = n_simulations

Result Fields

Field	Type	Description
expected_return	float	Expected return as percentage over the horizon
probability_of_loss	float	Probability that final value < initial value (0.0 to 1.0)
var_95	float	Value at Risk at 95% confidence (percentage)
cvar_95	float	Conditional VaR at 95% confidence (percentage)
percentile_paths	List[Tuple[float, List]]	Portfolio paths at 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th percentiles
final_values	numpy.ndarray	Terminal portfolio values for all simulations

---

API Reference

PyBacktestConfig

config = raptorbt.PyBacktestConfig(
    initial_capital: float = 100000.0,
    fees: float = 0.001,
    slippage: float = 0.0,
    upon_bar_close: bool = True,
)

# Stop methods
config.set_fixed_stop(percent: float)
config.set_atr_stop(multiplier: float, period: int)
config.set_trailing_stop(percent: float)

# Target methods
config.set_fixed_target(percent: float)
config.set_atr_target(multiplier: float, period: int)
config.set_risk_reward_target(ratio: float)

PyInstrumentConfig

Per-instrument configuration for position sizing and risk management.

inst_config = raptorbt.PyInstrumentConfig(
    lot_size=1.0,              # Min tradeable quantity (1 for equity, 50 for NIFTY F&O)
    alloted_capital=50000.0,   # Capital allocated to this instrument (optional)
    existing_qty=None,         # Existing position quantity (future use)
    avg_price=None,            # Existing position avg price (future use)
)

# Optional: per-instrument stop/target overrides
inst_config.set_fixed_stop(0.02)
inst_config.set_trailing_stop(0.03)
inst_config.set_fixed_target(0.05)

Fields:

• lot_size - Minimum tradeable quantity. Position sizes are rounded down to nearest lot_size multiple. Use 1.0 for equities, 50.0 for NIFTY F&O, 0.01 for forex.
• alloted_capital - Per-instrument capital cap (capped at available cash).
• existing_qty / avg_price - Reserved for future live-to-backtest transitions.

PyBatchSpreadItem

item = raptorbt.PyBatchSpreadItem(
    strategy_id: str,                    # Unique identifier for this backtest
    legs_premiums: List[np.ndarray],     # Premium series per leg
    leg_configs: List[Tuple[str, float, int, int]],  # (option_type, strike, quantity, lot_size)
    entries: np.ndarray,                 # bool entry signals
    exits: np.ndarray,                   # bool exit signals
    spread_type: str = "custom",         # Spread type string
    max_loss: float = None,              # Optional max loss exit
    target_profit: float = None,         # Optional target profit exit
)

batch_spread_backtest

results = raptorbt.batch_spread_backtest(
    timestamps: np.ndarray,              # int64 nanosecond timestamps (shared)
    underlying_close: np.ndarray,        # Underlying close prices (shared)
    items: List[PyBatchSpreadItem],      # List of spread backtest items
    config: PyBacktestConfig = None,     # Optional shared config
) -> List[Tuple[str, PyBacktestResult]]  # (strategy_id, result) pairs

Runs all spread backtests in parallel via Rayon. Timestamps and underlying close are shared across all items and converted once. The GIL is released during execution for maximum Python concurrency.

simulate_portfolio_mc

result = raptorbt.simulate_portfolio_mc(
    returns: List[np.ndarray],               # Per-asset daily returns (N arrays)
    weights: np.ndarray,                     # Portfolio weights (length N, sum to 1)
    correlation_matrix: List[np.ndarray],    # N x N correlation matrix
    initial_value: float,                    # Starting portfolio value
    n_simulations: int = 10000,              # Number of Monte Carlo paths
    horizon_days: int = 252,                 # Forward projection horizon in days
    seed: int = 42,                          # Random seed for reproducibility
) -> dict

Returns a dictionary with keys: expected_return, probability_of_loss, var_95, cvar_95, percentile_paths, final_values.

PyBacktestResult

result = raptorbt.run_single_backtest(...)

# Attributes
result.metrics        # PyBacktestMetrics object

# Methods
result.equity_curve()    # numpy.ndarray
result.drawdown_curve()  # numpy.ndarray
result.returns()         # numpy.ndarray
result.trades()          # List[PyTrade]

PyBacktestMetrics

33 read-only fields — see the Metrics section for the full table with descriptions. metrics.to_dict() returns 24 of them under human-readable labels (e.g. "Sharpe Ratio") for quick display; read fields off the object directly for the complete set.

m = result.metrics
m.total_return_pct, m.sharpe_ratio, m.max_drawdown_pct   # etc. — 33 fields total
stats = m.to_dict()

PyTrade

for trade in result.trades():
    print(trade.id)           # Trade ID
    print(trade.symbol)       # Symbol
    print(trade.entry_idx)    # Entry bar index
    print(trade.exit_idx)     # Exit bar index
    print(trade.entry_price)  # Entry price
    print(trade.exit_price)   # Exit price
    print(trade.size)         # Position size
    print(trade.direction)    # 1=Long, -1=Short
    print(trade.pnl)          # Profit/Loss
    print(trade.return_pct)   # Return percentage
    print(trade.fees)         # Fees paid
    print(trade.exit_reason)  # "Signal", "StopLoss", "TakeProfit", "TrailingStop", "EndOfData", "Settlement", "TimeExit"

---

Building from Source

Most users should pip install raptorbt. To build the engine yourself you need Rust 1.70+, Python 3.10+, and maturin:

cd raptorbt
maturin develop --release   # editable install into the active venv
cargo test                  # run the Rust test suite

Verification Test

A seeded smoke test — run it twice and the result is identical to the last decimal (the determinism guarantee):

import numpy as np
import raptorbt

np.random.seed(42)
n = 500
close = np.cumprod(1 + np.random.randn(n) * 0.02) * 100
entries = np.zeros(n, dtype=bool); entries[::20] = True
exits = np.zeros(n, dtype=bool);  exits[10::20] = True

config = raptorbt.PyBacktestConfig(initial_capital=100000, fees=0.001)
result = raptorbt.run_single_backtest(
    timestamps=np.arange(n, dtype=np.int64),
    open=close,
    high=close,
    low=close,
    close=close,
    volume=np.ones(n),
    entries=entries,
    exits=exits,
    direction=1,
    weight=1.0,
    symbol="TEST",
    config=config,
)
print(f"Total Return: {result.metrics.total_return_pct:.4f}%")  # -30.6192%
print(f"Sharpe Ratio: {result.metrics.sharpe_ratio:.4f}")       # -0.9086

---

License

MIT License - see LICENSE for details.

---

Changelog

v0.4.0

Tick-level backtesting — full tick resolution, no bar resampling.

• Add TickData struct — parallel arrays of timestamps, ltp, bid, ask, buy_qty_delta, sell_qty_delta, oi (one element per tick). Callers must pre-convert Zerodha cumulative session totals to per-tick deltas before passing.
• Add ExitReason::TimeExit — max hold-time exceeded exit for tick strategies.
• Add run_tick_backtest — tick-native simulation engine. Entry fills at ask+slippage; stop/target checked against ltp on every tick (not OHLC approximation); max-hold-seconds time exit; configurable cooldown between entries. Returns the same PyBacktestResult / PyBacktestMetrics (33 fields) as all other strategy types.
• Add compute_tick_entry_signals — compute momentum entry bool array from precomputed feature arrays (spread gate, delta BSI gate, 1-min return gate, cooldown enforcement). O(N) single pass.
• Add compute_tick_exit_signals — time-based (EOD) exit bool array from tick timestamps.
• Add tick_spread_pct — per-tick bid/ask spread as percentage of mid price.
• Add buy_sell_imbalance_delta — per-tick delta BSI from Zerodha cumulative running sums. Fixes the raw-cumulative BSI artefact (~0.95 all day regardless of order flow).
• Add return_window — per-tick lookback return over a configurable time window using binary search (O(N log N)). Returns NaN where history is insufficient — correctly gates the entry filter rather than silently passing.
• Add realized_vol_rolling — rolling realized volatility proxy (stddev of log-returns) over a time window.
• Add oi_position_pct — OI position within the day's high/low range, per tick: [0, 100].
• Add tick_velocity — rolling tick count per minute over a configurable time window.
• Expose compute_backtest_metrics as a public free function in portfolio::engine — non-OHLCV strategy types can produce identical metrics without duplicating the calculation logic.

v0.3.4

• Add single-leg option spread types: LongCall, LongPut, NakedCall, NakedPut to SpreadType enum
• Add ExitReason::Settlement for option expiry settlement exits
• Add leg_expiry_timestamps parameter to run_spread_backtest for per-leg expiry tracking
• Positions are force-closed at settlement when any leg expires, with premiums replaced by intrinsic value
• Prevent re-entry after all legs have expired

v0.3.3

• Add batch_spread_backtest function for running multiple spread backtests in parallel via Rayon
• Add PyBatchSpreadItem class for defining individual items in a batch spread backtest
• Shared data (timestamps, underlying close) is converted once and reused across all items
• GIL released during parallel execution for maximum Python concurrency
• Each item carries its own strategy_id, leg configs, signals, spread type, and optional max loss / target profit
• Returns a list of (strategy_id, PyBacktestResult) tuples preserving result-to-input mapping

v0.3.2

• Add payoff_ratio metric to BacktestMetrics — average winning trade return divided by average losing trade return (absolute), measures risk/reward per trade
• Add recovery_factor metric to BacktestMetrics — net profit divided by maximum drawdown in absolute terms, measures how many times over the strategy recovered from its worst drawdown
• Both metrics computed in StreamingMetrics::finalize() (single-instrument backtest) and PortfolioEngine (multi-strategy aggregation)
• Both metrics exposed via PyO3 as #[pyo3(get)] attributes on PyBacktestMetrics
• Handles edge cases: returns f64::INFINITY when denominator is zero with positive numerator, 0.0 otherwise

v0.3.1

• Add Monte Carlo portfolio simulation (simulate_portfolio_mc) for forward risk projection
• Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) with Cholesky decomposition for correlated multi-asset simulation
• Rayon-parallelized simulation paths with deterministic seeding (xoshiro256**)
• Returns percentile paths (P5/P25/P50/P75/P95), VaR, CVaR, expected return, and probability of loss
• GIL released during simulation for maximum Python concurrency

v0.3.0

• Per-instrument configuration via PyInstrumentConfig (lot_size, alloted_capital, stop/target overrides)
• Position sizes now correctly rounded to lot_size multiples
• Support for per-instrument capital allocation in basket backtests
• Future-ready fields: existing_qty, avg_price for live-to-backtest transitions

v0.2.2

• Export run_spread_backtest Python binding for multi-leg options spread strategies
• Export rolling_min and rolling_max indicator functions to Python

v0.2.1

• Add rolling_min and rolling_max indicators for LLV (Lowest Low Value) and HHV (Highest High Value) support
• NaN handling for warmup period

v0.2.0

• Add multi-leg spread backtesting (run_spread_backtest) supporting straddles, strangles, vertical spreads, iron condors, iron butterflies, butterfly spreads, calendar spreads, and diagonal spreads
• Coordinated entry/exit across all legs with net premium P&L calculation
• Max loss and target profit exit thresholds for spreads
• Add SessionTracker for intraday session management: market hours detection, squareoff time enforcement, session high/low/open tracking
• Pre-built session configs for NSE equity (9:15-15:30), MCX commodity (9:00-23:30), and CDS currency (9:00-17:00)
• Extend StreamingMetrics with equity/drawdown tracking, trade recording, and finalize() method

v0.1.0

• Initial release
• 5 strategy types: single, basket, pairs, options, multi
• 30+ performance metrics: Sharpe, Sortino, Calmar, Omega, SQN, profit factor, drawdown duration, and more
• 10 technical indicators (SMA, EMA, RSI, MACD, Stochastic, ATR, Bollinger Bands, ADX, VWAP, Supertrend)
• Stop-loss management: fixed, ATR-based, and trailing stops
• Take-profit management: fixed, ATR-based, and risk-reward targets
• PyO3 Python bindings for seamless Python integration