RayDB for Python

RayDB is a high-performance embedded graph database with built-in vector search. This package provides the Python bindings to the Rust core.

Features

• ACID transactions with commit/rollback
• Node and edge CRUD operations with properties
• Labels, edge types, and property keys
• Fluent traversal and pathfinding (BFS, Dijkstra, A*)
• Vector embeddings with IVF and IVF-PQ indexes
• Single-file storage format

Install

From PyPI

pip install raydb

From source

# Install maturin (Rust extension build tool)
python -m pip install -U maturin

# Build and install in development mode
cd ray-rs
maturin develop --features python

# Or build a wheel
maturin build --features python --release
pip install target/wheels/raydb-*.whl

Quick start (fluent API)

The fluent API provides a high-level, type-safe interface:

from raydb import ray, node, edge, prop, optional

# Define your schema
User = node("user",
    key=lambda id: f"user:{id}",
    props={
        "name": prop.string("name"),
        "email": prop.string("email"),
        "age": optional(prop.int("age")),
    }
)

Knows = edge("knows", {
    "since": prop.int("since"),
})

# Open database
with ray("./social.raydb", nodes=[User], edges=[Knows]) as db:
    # Insert nodes
    alice = db.insert(User).values(key="alice", name="Alice", email="alice@example.com").returning()
    bob = db.insert(User).values(key="bob", name="Bob", email="bob@example.com").returning()

    # Create edges
    db.link(alice, Knows, bob, since=2024)

    # Traverse
    friends = db.from_(alice).out(Knows).nodes().to_list()

    # Pathfinding
    path = db.shortest_path(alice).via(Knows).to(bob).dijkstra()

Quick start (low-level API)

For direct control, use the low-level Database class:

from raydb import Database, PropValue

with Database("my_graph.raydb") as db:
    db.begin()

    alice = db.create_node("user:alice")
    bob = db.create_node("user:bob")

    name_key = db.get_or_create_propkey("name")
    db.set_node_prop(alice, name_key, PropValue.string("Alice"))
    db.set_node_prop(bob, name_key, PropValue.string("Bob"))

    knows = db.get_or_create_etype("knows")
    db.add_edge(alice, knows, bob)

    db.commit()

    print("nodes:", db.count_nodes())
    print("edges:", db.count_edges())

Fluent traversal

from raydb import TraverseOptions

friends = db.from_(alice).out(knows).to_list()

results = db.from_(alice).traverse(
    knows,
    TraverseOptions(max_depth=3, min_depth=1, direction="out", unique=True),
).to_list()

Concurrent Access

RayDB supports concurrent read operations from multiple threads. Read operations don't block each other:

import threading
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

# Multiple threads can read concurrently
def read_user(key):
    return db.get_node_by_key(key)

with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
    futures = [executor.submit(read_user, f"user:{i}") for i in range(100)]
    results = [f.result() for f in futures]

# Or with asyncio (reads run concurrently)
import asyncio

async def read_users():
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    tasks = [
        loop.run_in_executor(None, db.get_node_by_key, f"user:{i}")
        for i in range(100)
    ]
    return await asyncio.gather(*tasks)

Concurrency model:

• Reads are concurrent: Multiple get_node_by_key(), get_neighbors(), traversals, etc. can run in parallel
• Writes are exclusive: Write operations (create_node(), add_edge(), etc.) require exclusive access
• Thread safety: The Database object is safe to share across threads

Note: Python's GIL is released during Rust operations, allowing true parallelism for I/O-bound database access.

Vector search

from raydb import IvfIndex, IvfConfig, SearchOptions

index = IvfIndex(dimensions=128, config=IvfConfig(n_clusters=100))

training_data = [0.1] * (128 * 1000)
index.add_training_vectors(training_data, num_vectors=1000)
index.train()

index.insert(vector_id=1, vector=[0.1] * 128)

results = index.search(
    manifest_json='{"vectors": {...}}',
    query=[0.1] * 128,
    k=10,
    options=SearchOptions(n_probe=20),
)

for result in results:
    print(result.node_id, result.distance)

Documentation

https://ray-kwaf.vercel.app/docs

License

MIT License - see the main project LICENSE file for details.