raygeo 0.4.0

A 2D/3D geometry library for CAD/CAM applications.

raygeo

A high-performance 2D/3D geometry library for Python, built in Rust with PyO3.

raygeo provides vector path construction, polygon boolean operations, curve fitting, path transformations, and geometric queries — all backed by a native Rust extension.

Installation

pip install raygeo

Requires Python 3.10+ and a compatible platform (Linux, Windows, macOS Intel, or macOS Apple Silicon). Pre-compiled wheels are available on PyPI.

Quick Start

Building Paths

The Geometry class is the core abstraction. It stores a vector path as a sequence of move, line, arc, and cubic Bezier commands:

from raygeo import Geometry

# Create a 10x10 square
g = Geometry()
g.move_to(0, 0)
g.line_to(10, 0)
g.line_to(10, 10)
g.line_to(0, 10)
g.close_path()

print(g.area())    # 100.0
print(g.rect())    # (0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0)
print(g.is_closed())  # True

You can also create paths from point lists:

triangle = Geometry.from_points([(0, 0), (10, 0), (5, 8.66)])

Accessing Raw Data

Internally, geometry data is stored as an (N, 8) NumPy float64 array. Each row represents one command:

import numpy as np
from raygeo import COL_TYPE, COL_X, COL_Y, CMD_TYPE_LINE

data = g.data  # numpy array, shape (N, 8)
print(data[:, COL_X])  # all x coordinates

The 8 columns are:

Column	Index	Description
COL_TYPE	0	Command type (move/line/arc/bezier)
COL_X	1	X coordinate
COL_Y	2	Y coordinate
COL_Z	3	Z coordinate
COL_I / COL_C1X	4	Arc center offset X / Bezier control 1 X
COL_J / COL_C1Y	5	Arc center offset Y / Bezier control 1 Y
COL_CW / COL_C2X	6	Arc clockwise flag / Bezier control 2 X
— / COL_C2Y	7	(unused for arcs) / Bezier control 2 Y

Arcs and Bezier Curves

g = Geometry()
g.move_to(0, 0)
g.arc_to(10, 0, i=5, j=0, clockwise=False)  # semicircular arc
g.close_path()

# Bezier curves
g2 = Geometry()
g2.move_to(0, 0)
g2.bezier_to(10, 0, c1x=3, c1y=5, c2x=7, c2y=5)

# Convert arcs to Bezier curves (for non-uniform scaling)
g3 = Geometry()
g3.move_to(0, 0)
g3.arc_to_as_bezier(10, 0, i=5, j=0)
g3.upgrade_to_scalable()

Path Analysis

print(g.distance())       # total path length
print(g.area())           # signed enclosed area
print(g.rect())           # bounding box (x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max)
print(g.is_closed())      # path closure check
print(g.segments())       # split into sub-paths

# Find closest point on path
result = g.find_closest_point(5, 5)  # (segment_index, distance, (px, py))

# Point and tangent at parameter t on a segment
pos, tangent = g.get_point_and_tangent_at(segment_index=0, t=0.5)

Transformations

import numpy as np
from raygeo import Geometry

g = Geometry.from_points([(0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10), (0, 10)])

# Offset (grow/shrink)
grown = g.grow(2.0)   # offset outward by 2 units
shrunk = g.grow(-1.0)  # offset inward by 1 unit

# Affine transform (4x4 matrix)
matrix = [
    [1, 0, 0, 5],  # translate x by 5
    [0, 1, 0, 3],  # translate y by 3
    [0, 0, 1, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 1],
]
g.transform(matrix)

# Map geometry into a frame
mapped = g.map_to_frame(
    origin=(0, 0),
    p_width=(100, 0),
    p_height=(0, 100),
)

g.flip_x()  # negate all x coordinates
g.flip_y()  # negate all y coordinates

Contour Operations

# Split into separate closed contours
contours = g.split_into_contours()

# Split into disconnected components
components = g.split_into_components()

# Separate holes from solids
inner, outer = g.split_inner_and_outer_contours()

# Remove shared edges between sub-paths
outer_only = g.remove_inner_edges()

Polygon Operations

The geo.shape.polygon submodule provides polygon-specific operations powered by Clipper2:

from raygeo import Geometry
from raygeo.geo.shape.polygon import (
    get_polygon_area,
    get_polygon_bounds,
    offset_polygon,
    get_polygons_union,
    get_polygons_intersection,
    get_polygons_difference,
    is_point_inside_polygon,
    polygons_intersect,
    get_polygon_convex_hull,
)

square = [(0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10), (0, 10)]
circle_approx = [(5 + 5 * math.cos(a), 5 + 5 * math.sin(a))
                 for a in [i * math.pi / 20 for i in range(40)]]

get_polygon_area(square)                # 100.0
get_polygon_bounds(square)              # (0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0)
is_point_inside_polygon((5, 5), square) # True

# Boolean operations
union = get_polygons_union([square, circle_approx])
intersection = get_polygons_intersection([square, circle_approx])
difference = get_polygons_difference([square], [circle_approx])

# Offset
inflated = offset_polygon(square, 2.0)

# NumPy variants are also available (suffixed with _numpy)
import numpy as np
sq_np = np.array(square)
get_polygon_area(sq_np)  # also works with numpy arrays

Curve Fitting

from raygeo import Geometry

# Simplify a path
g.simplify(tolerance=0.1)

# Convert curves to line segments
g.linearize(tolerance=0.01)

# Fit arcs and beziers to linear data
g.fit_arcs(tolerance=0.5)
g.fit_curves(tolerance=0.5, beziers=True, arcs=True)

# Convert geometry to polygons
polygons = g.to_polygons(tolerance=0.01)

Self-Intersection Detection

g.has_self_intersections()          # check for self-intersections
g.intersects_with(other_geometry)   # check intersection with another geometry
g.encloses(other_geometry)          # check if this fully encloses another

Serialization

# Dump to dict (JSON-safe)
data = g.dump()

# Load from dict
g2 = Geometry.load(data)

# Pickle support (via __reduce_ex__)
import pickle
g3 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(g))

Documentation

Full API documentation is generated from the source type stubs and published with the RayForge Developer Docs.

Development

Prerequisites

• Rust toolchain (via rustup)
• Python 3.10+ with maturin and pytest:

pip install maturin pytest

Build and Test

maturin develop
pytest tests/ -v

Running Rust Tests

cargo test

License

MIT