Python interface to RefractiveIndex database
The original database
https://github.com/polyanskiy/refractiveindex.info-database
Installation
pip install refractiveindex
Usage
import numpy as np
from refractiveindex import RefractiveIndexMaterial
# Tabulated nk material
SiO = RefractiveIndexMaterial(shelf='main', book='SiO', page='Hass')
SiO.get_refractive_index(600)
# 1.96553846
SiO.get_extinction_coefficient(600)
# 0.001
SiO.get_epsilon(600)
# (3.8633404437869827+0.003931076923076923j)
# Formula-based material
bk7 = RefractiveIndexMaterial(shelf='specs', book='SCHOTT-optical', page='N-BK7')
bk7.get_refractive_index(589.3)
# 1.5168...
# Array input
wavelengths = np.array([400, 500, 600, 700])
SiO.get_refractive_index(wavelengths)
# array([2.15092857, 1.999, 1.96553846, 1.942])
Units
All methods accept an optional unit= parameter. Default is nm. The following calls are all equivalent:
bk7.get_refractive_index(589.3) # nm (default)
bk7.get_refractive_index(5893, unit='A') # Angstrom
bk7.get_refractive_index(5.893e-7, unit='m') # meters
bk7.get_refractive_index(0.5893, unit='um') # µm
bk7.get_refractive_index(16978, unit='cm-1') # wavenumbers
bk7.get_refractive_index(508.8, unit='THz') # terahertz
bk7.get_refractive_index(2.108, unit='eV') # electron volts
The same parameter works for get_extinction_coefficient, get_epsilon, and get_wl_range.
| Unit | String | Conversion from µm |
|---|---|---|
| meters | 'm' |
$\lambda{[\text{m}]} = \lambda{[\mu\text{m}]} \cdot 10^{-6}$ |
| nanometers | 'nm' |
$\lambda{[\text{nm}]} = \lambda{[\mu\text{m}]} \cdot 10^{3}$ |
| Angstroms | 'A' |
$\lambda{[\text{Å}]} = \lambda{[\mu\text{m}]} \cdot 10^{4}$ |
| wavenumbers | 'cm-1' |
$\tilde{\nu}{[\text{cm}^{-1}]} = 10^4 / \lambda{[\mu\text{m}]}$ |
| terahertz | 'THz' |
$\nu{[\text{THz}]} = \frac{c[\text{m}/\text{s}] \cdot 10^{-6}}{\lambda{[\mu\text{m}]}}$ |
| electron volts | 'eV' |
$E [\text{eV}] = \frac{h[\text{J}\cdot \text{s}]\cdot c[\text{m}/\text{s}] \cdot 10^{6}}{e[\text{C}] \cdot \lambda [\mu \text{m}]}$ |
Here $c$ is the speed of light, $h$ is the Plank constant, $e$ is the elementary charge.
Valid wavelength range
Every material exposes the wavelength range over which its data are defined:
# Returns (min, max) in the requested unit
bk7.get_wl_range() # e.g. (300.0, 2500.0) nm
bk7.get_wl_range(unit='um') # e.g. (0.3, 2.5) µm
bk7.get_wl_range(unit='cm-1') # e.g. (4000.0, 33333.3) cm⁻¹
Result is always returned as (min, max).
Out-of-range behavior
No exception is raised for out-of-range wavelengths, but the returned value is not reliable:
| Data type | Out-of-range result |
|---|---|
Tabulated (n, k, nk) |
nan |
| Formula (1–9) | Silent extrapolation — may be unphysical, or nan with a RuntimeWarning if the formula evaluates a square root of a negative number |
Always check get_wl_range() before querying if you are not certain the wavelength is within the measured range:
lo, hi = mat.get_wl_range()
if lo <= wavelength <= hi:
n = mat.get_refractive_index(wavelength)
else:
raise ValueError(f"wavelength {wavelength} nm is outside the valid range [{lo}, {hi}] nm")
Notes:
- Here the time dependence is assumed to be $\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i} \omega t}$, so $\mathrm{Im}(\varepsilon) > 0$ is responsible for the losses.
- If there is a space in the name, write underscore instead, i.e. not
page='Rodriguez-de Marcos'butpage='Rodriguez-de_Marcos'. - All 9 dispersion formula types used by the refractiveindex.info database are supported: Sellmeier (1), Sellmeier-2 (2), Polynomial (3), RefractiveIndex.INFO (4), Cauchy (5), Gases (6), Herzberger (7), Retro (8), and Exotic (9).
- The database is automatically downloaded on first use to
~/.refractiveindex.info-database.
How to get material page names
You can find the proper "page" name by hovering your cursor on the link in the Data section
Or you can look up folders in this repository
https://github.com/polyanskiy/refractiveindex.info-database
Similar projects
- PyTMM by Pavel Dmitriev — the original database parsing code this project was based on
- RefractiveIndex.jl — Julia interface to refractiveindex.info database
Possible problems
If the upstream database has changed its structure, upgrade the package
pip install --upgrade refractiveindex
and remove the database folder at ~/.refractiveindex.info-database.
TODO
- Include EODG data
Metadata
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