requests-futures 0.9.9

Asynchronous Python HTTP for Humans.

Asynchronous Python HTTP Requests for Humans
============================================

.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ross/requests-futures.png?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.org/ross/requests-futures

Small add-on for the python requests_ http library. Makes use of python 3.2's
`concurrent.futures`_ or the backport_ for prior versions of python.

The additional API and changes are minimal and strives to avoid surprises.

The following synchronous code:

.. code-block:: python

from requests import Session

session = Session()
# first requests starts and blocks until finished
response_one = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# second request starts once first is finished
response_two = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar')
# both requests are complete
print('response one status: {0}'.format(response_one.status_code))
print(response_one.content)
print('response two status: {0}'.format(response_two.status_code))
print(response_two.content)

Can be translated to make use of futures, and thus be asynchronous by creating
a FuturesSession and catching the returned Future in place of Response. The
Response can be retrieved by calling the result method on the Future:

.. code-block:: python

from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession()
# first request is started in background
future_one = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# second requests is started immediately
future_two = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar')
# wait for the first request to complete, if it hasn't already
response_one = future_one.result()
print('response one status: {0}'.format(response_one.status_code))
print(response_one.content)
# wait for the second request to complete, if it hasn't already
response_two = future_two.result()
print('response two status: {0}'.format(response_two.status_code))
print(response_two.content)

By default a ThreadPoolExecutor is created with 2 workers. If you would like to
adjust that value or share a executor across multiple sessions you can provide
one to the FuturesSession constructor.

.. code-block:: python

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession(executor=ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10))
# ...

As a shortcut in case of just increasing workers number you can pass
`max_workers` straight to the `FuturesSession` constructor:

.. code-block:: python

from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession
session = FuturesSession(max_workers=10)

FutureSession will use an existing session object if supplied:

.. code-block:: python

from requests import session
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession
my_session = session()
future_session = FuturesSession(session=my_session)

That's it. The api of requests.Session is preserved without any modifications
beyond returning a Future rather than Response. As with all futures exceptions
are shifted (thrown) to the future.result() call so try/except blocks should be
moved there.

Canceling queued requests (a.k.a cleaning up after yourself)
=========================

If you know that you won't be needing any additional responses from futures that
haven't yet resolved, it's a good idea to cancel those requests. You can do this
by using the session as a context manager:

.. code-block:: python

from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession
with FuturesSession(max_workers=1) as session:
future = session.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
future2 = session.get('https://httpbin.org/delay/10')
future3 = session.get('https://httpbin.org/delay/10')
response = future.result()

In this example, the second or third request will be skipped, saving time and
resources that would otherwise be wasted.

Working in the Background
=========================

Additional processing can be done in the background using requests's hooks_
functionality. This can be useful for shifting work out of the foreground, for
a simple example take json parsing.

.. code-block:: python

from pprint import pprint
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession()

def response_hook(resp, *args, **kwargs):
# parse the json storing the result on the response object
resp.data = resp.json()

future = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get', hooks={
'response': response_hook,
})
# do some other stuff, send some more requests while this one works
response = future.result()
print('response status {0}'.format(response.status_code))
# data will have been attached to the response object in the background
pprint(response.data)

Hooks can also be applied to the session.

.. code-block:: python

from pprint import pprint
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

def response_hook(resp, *args, **kwargs):
# parse the json storing the result on the response object
resp.data = resp.json()

session = FuturesSession()
session.hooks['response'] = response_hook

future = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# do some other stuff, send some more requests while this one works
response = future.result()
print('response status {0}'.format(response.status_code))
# data will have been attached to the response object in the background
pprint(response.data) pprint(response.data)

A more advanced example that adds an `elapsed` property to all requests.

.. code-block:: python

from pprint import pprint
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession
from time import time


class ElapsedFuturesSession(FuturesSession):

def request(self, method, url, hooks={}, *args, **kwargs):
start = time()

def timing(r, *args, **kwargs):
r.elapsed = time() - start

try:
if isinstance(hooks['response'], (list, tuple)):
# needs to be first so we don't time other hooks execution
hooks['response'].prepend(timing)
else:
hooks['response'] = [timing, hooks['response']]
except KeyError:
hooks['response'] = timing

return super(ElapsedFuturesSession, self) \
.request(method, url, hooks=hooks, *args, **kwargs)



session = ElapsedFuturesSession()
future = session.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
# do some other stuff, send some more requests while this one works
response = future.result()
print('response status {0}'.format(response.status_code))
print('response elapsed {0}'.format(response.elapsed))

Using ProcessPoolExecutor
=========================

Similarly to `ThreadPoolExecutor`, it is possible to use an instance of
`ProcessPoolExecutor`. As the name suggest, the requests will be executed
concurrently in separate processes rather than threads.

.. code-block:: python

from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession(executor=ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=10))
# ... use as before

.. HINT::
Using the `ProcessPoolExecutor` is useful, in cases where memory
usage per request is very high (large response) and cycling the interpretor
is required to release memory back to OS.

A base requirement of using `ProcessPoolExecutor` is that the `Session.request`,
`FutureSession` all be pickle-able.

This means that only Python 3.5 is fully supported, while Python versions
3.4 and above REQUIRE an existing `requests.Session` instance to be passed
when initializing `FutureSession`. Python 2.X and < 3.4 are currently not
supported.

.. code-block:: python

# Using python 3.4
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from requests import Session
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession(executor=ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=10),
session=Session())
# ... use as before

In case pickling fails, an exception is raised pointing to this documentation.

.. code-block:: python

# Using python 2.7
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from requests import Session
from requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSession

session = FuturesSession(executor=ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=10),
session=Session())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
RuntimeError: Cannot pickle function. Refer to documentation: https://github.com/ross/requests-futures/#using-processpoolexecutor

.. IMPORTANT::
* Python >= 3.4 required
* A session instance is required when using Python < 3.5
* If sub-classing `FuturesSession` it must be importable (module global)

Installation
============

pip install requests-futures

.. _`requests`: https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests
.. _`concurrent.futures`: http://docs.python.org/dev/library/concurrent.futures.html
.. _backport: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/futures
.. _hooks: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/#event-hooks