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RESTAlchemy

RESTAlchemy is a Python toolkit for building HTTP REST APIs on top of a flexible data model and storage abstraction.

It combines:

  • A Data Model (DM) layer for defining domain models and validation.

  • A Storage layer for persisting models (for example, SQL databases).

  • An API layer for exposing models as RESTful HTTP resources.

  • Optional OpenAPI support for discoverable, documented APIs.

Features

  • Clear separation between domain models, storage implementation details, and HTTP API.

  • Strongly typed, validated data model with reusable properties.

  • Minimal boilerplate to expose models as REST resources.

  • Built-in migration tooling for evolving database schemas.

Performance

On all three request patterns, RESTAlchemy is the fastest framework measured here, and stands nearer to the floor of what such a request can cost at all than to any framework behind it. The benchmark in this repository asks six stacks the same three questions against the same PostgreSQL and the same rows: read a collection of 100, read one resource, create one. The first row of the table is not one of them: it is a hand-written query and orjson.dumps, which is what the database and the JSON cost before any framework has run.

15 rounds × best of 20 calls, 1000 rows in the table, 100 per page, Python 3.12, PostgreSQL 16, one AMD EPYC 7742. The full run, with confidence intervals and the machine it was measured on, is in bench/results/results.md; these are its numbers. In parentheses: the same number as a multiple of RESTAlchemy’s.

Stack

Collection of 100

One resource

POST one

Per row

raw psycopg + orjson †

1272 µs (0.7×)

174 µs (0.5×)

229 µs (0.6×)

11.1 µs (0.8×)

RESTAlchemy

1705 µs

317 µs

397 µs

14.0 µs

Flask + SQLAlchemy

2267 µs (1.3×)

636 µs (2.0×)

606 µs (1.5×)

16.5 µs (1.2×)

FastAPI + SQLAlchemy

2417 µs (1.4×)

894 µs (2.8×)

829 µs (2.1×)

15.4 µs (1.1×)

Litestar + SQLAlchemy

2524 µs (1.5×)

857 µs (2.7×)

811 µs (2.0×)

16.8 µs (1.2×)

Django + DRF

5276 µs (3.1×)

943 µs (3.0×)

895 µs (2.3×)

43.8 µs (3.1×)

† Not a framework, and faster than every framework under it, as it should be: it is the floor the rest are read against, not a stack anyone would build a service on.

RESTAlchemy adds 143 µs to that bare single-row query, 168 µs to the bare insert, and under three microseconds to each row of a collection — a REST service, routed, validated and packed, for a few microseconds over the floor.

Every stack is written the way its own documentation writes it, answers with the same rows — checked field by field before anything is timed — and is called at its own interface, so what is measured is the framework and its database work rather than a web server. The command that runs it, and what the numbers do not say, are in bench/README.md.

Documentation

The rendered documentation is published at https://infraguys.github.io/restalchemy/.

All documentation is available in four languages. The structure of files and sections is identical across languages:

If you are new to RESTAlchemy, start with:

Quick start

Install from PyPI:

pip install restalchemy

Define a simple DM model (simplified from the getting started guide):

from restalchemy.dm import models
from restalchemy.dm import properties
from restalchemy.dm import types


class FooModel(models.ModelWithUUID):
    value = properties.property(types.Integer(), required=True)

For a complete in-memory REST service example, including controllers, routes and a WSGI application, see docs/en/getting-started.md.

Examples

Real code examples live in the examples/ directory:

  • examples/restapi_foo_bar_service.py – a simple REST API service built with in-memory storage.

  • examples/dm_mysql_storage.py – data model with MySQL storage example.

  • examples/openapi_app.py – example API with OpenAPI specification generation.

Migration commands

RESTAlchemy provides command-line tools for managing database migrations.

<migration number>-<message>-<hash>.py
$ ra-rename-migrations -p <path-to-migrations>

Create migrations:

$ ra-new-migration --path examples/migrations/ --message "1st migration"
$ ra-new-migration --path examples/migrations/ --message "2st migration" --depend 1st
$ ra-new-migration --path examples/migrations/ --message "3st migration" --depend 2st
$ ra-new-migration --path examples/migrations/ --message "4st migration"
$ ra-new-migration --path examples/migrations/ --message "5st migration" --depend 3st --depend 4st

Apply migrations:

$ ra-apply-migration --path examples/migrations/ --db-connection mysql://test:test@localhost/test -m 5st
> upgrade 1st
> upgrade 2st
> upgrade 3st
> upgrade 4st
> upgrade 5st

Rolled back migrations:

$ ra-rollback-migration --path examples/migrations/ --db-connection mysql://test:test@localhost/test -m 4st
> downgrade 5st
> downgrade 4st
$ ra-rollback-migration --path examples/migrations/ --db-connection mysql://test:test@localhost/test -m 1st
> downgrade 3st
> downgrade 2st
> downgrade 1st

Tests

Tests are managed via tox. The default environment list includes Python 3.8, 3.10, 3.12 and 3.13.

Run the full test suite:

tox

Run tests for a specific Python version (for example, Python 3.10):

tox -e py310

Run functional tests (require access to a MySQL database):

export DATABASE_URI="mysql://root:@localhost:3306/radatabase"
tox -e py310-functional

Run functional tests with PostgreSQL:

export DATABASE_URI="postgresql://postgres:password@localhost:5432/radatabase"
tox -e py310-functional

License

RESTAlchemy is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Copyright (c) Genesis Corporation, 2025.

See the LICENSE file in this repository or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 for the full license text.

Project links

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  • Released:
Newer release available (16.0.4)

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Credits

Author: Genesis Corporation

GitHub Statistics

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License

Apache Software License (Apache-2.0)

Requires

Python >=3.8

Provides Extra

dev test mypy ruff shellcheck testenv docs

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