Riana — Relative Isotope Abundance Analyzer

Riana takes standard mass-spectrometry spectra (mzML) and peptide identifications (quantms mzTab for DDA, DIA-NN report.parquet for DIA, or Percolator output) and returns mass isotopomer distributions for protein-turnover analysis. It then fits kinetic models (one-exponential, Guan, Fornasiero) to the time-series, rolls peptides up to proteins, and can test cross-condition turnover differences (Δk) with a linearized model. A PySide6 desktop GUI (riana gui) drives the same steps interactively.

Full documentation: https://ed-lau.github.io/riana/

Install

Riana requires Python 3.10 or newer. We recommend a virtual environment.

pip install riana

For a development install from a clone:

git clone https://github.com/ed-lau/riana
cd riana
pip install -e ".[dev]"

Quickstart

Project workflow (recommended)

Riana's primary path keys every run off an SDRF sample sheet and a quantms mzTab (DDA) or DIA-NN report.parquet (DIA, with the [dia] extra). It writes one identity-stamped <run>_riana.txt per run plus a riana_manifest.tsv that chains the stages, so fit and rollup re-group runs from the manifest rather than from filenames:

# 1. Integrate every run in the experiment (one mzML in memory per worker)
riana integrate <mzml_dir> report.mzTab --sdrf samplesheet.sdrf.tsv \
    --workers 4 --out ./out

# 2. Fit the kinetic curve per peptidoform (grouped by the manifest)
riana fit --manifest ./out/riana_manifest.tsv \
    --coefficients commerford --ria 0.06 --depth 3 --out ./out

# 3. Roll peptides up to proteins
riana rollup --manifest ./out/riana_manifest.tsv \
    --parsimony unique --method weighted --out ./out

Add --mbr to integrate to recover time points lost to stochastic MS2 sampling (gated match-between-runs, DDA only). For a two-condition experiment, rollup --model "linear simple" --reference-condition <name> fits turnover in φ-space and reports a per-protein Δk with Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted p-values.

Single-fraction (Percolator) path

Without --sdrf, the ID file is read as a Percolator target.psms.txt for a single mzML (a simpler, demoted tier):

riana integrate <mzml_dir> <percolator_psms.txt> \
    --sample time1 --iso "0 1 2 3 4 5" --q_value 0.01 --mass_tol 25 --out ./out

riana fit ./out/time0_riana.txt ./out/time1_riana.txt ./out/time3_riana.txt \
    --model simple --label hw --coefficients commerford --ria 0.06 --out ./out

Fitting is heavy-water (D₂O) only and needs a per-amino-acid labeling-site table via --coefficients — a bundled preset (commerford literature, or the ac16 / ipsc / cm calibration tables) or a path to your own (amino_acid, coefficient) CSV.

By default integration uses an apex-centred narrow window (--integration-half-width 0.15, dial it to your chromatographic peak width); power-user dials live under the Advanced integration group of riana integrate --help. To reproduce the 0.9.0 fixed-window behaviour, add --peak-rt ms2 --integration-half-width 1.0.

GUI

riana gui (install the [gui] extra) opens a PySide6 desktop app with Integrate, Model (fit), and Protein (rollup) tabs over the same engine, with interactive chromatogram, fitted-curve, and φ-space plots.

See riana <command> --help for the full argument set, or the online docs for tutorials. (List flags like --iso take a single comma/space-separated token.)

File formats

Inputs:

• mzML (gzipped or plain) — MS1 spectra, streamed one fraction at a time
• SDRF .sdrf.tsv — the sample sheet that carries run identity (condition, biological replicate, labeling time, acquisition, precursor enrichment); the primary intake key
• mzTab (quantms / OpenMS) — the DDA peptide identifications
• DIA-NN report.parquet — the DIA identifications (apex RT resolved to the nearest MS1 scan); needs the [dia] extra
• Percolator target.psms.txt — single-mzML demoted tier (header-autodetected)

Outputs (each with a provenance header):

• <run>_riana.txt — one row per PSM, one column per integrated isotopomer
• riana_manifest.tsv — the stage-aware project index (integrate / fit / rollup rows) that chains the steps
• riana_fit_peptides.txt / riana_fit_fractions.txt — per-peptidoform kinetics and the per-timepoint fraction-new with prediction intervals
• riana_rollup_proteins.txt / riana_rollup_fractions.txt — protein-level k (and Δk under the linear simple model)

Pipeline

Riana is orchestration-agnostic: search + identification are owned upstream (e.g. quantms for DDA, DIA-NN for DIA), and Riana is a linear integrate → fit → rollup chain glued by the manifest, which you compose into whatever workflow already runs them. The bundled Snakemake example was retired in 1.0.0 — drive the subcommands directly, or from your own workflow manager.

Citation

If you use Riana in published work, please consider citing the following papers:

Alamillo, L. et al. Protocol to Measure Protein Half-Life in Cell Culture Using Heavy Water. STAR Protoc. 2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104426

Currie, J. et al. Improved Method to Determine Protein Turnover Rates with Heavy Water Labeling by Mass Isotopomer Ratio Selection. J Proteom Res. 2025 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01012

Alamillo, L. et al. Deuterium Labeling Enables Proteome Wide Turnover Kinetics in Cell Culture. Cell Rep Methods. 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmeth.2025.101104

Hammond, D. et al. Harmonizing Labeling and Analytical Strategies to Obtain Protein Turnover Rates in Intact Adult Animals. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100252

Contributing

Bug reports and pull requests welcome at https://github.com/ed-lau/riana/issues. See PROJECT_REVIEW.md for the current development roadmap.

License

MIT — see LICENSE.md.