rLIC
Line Integral Convolution for Python, written in Rust
rLIC (pronounced 'relic') is a highly optimized, minimal implementation of the
Line Integral
Convolution algorithm
for in-memory numpy arrays, written in Rust.
Development status and scope
rLIC is currently in beta. As of version 0.5.0, the only public API,
rlic.convolve, is considered feature complete and stable. However, minor
behavior changes may still happen, particularly where performance can be
improved as a result.
Post-processing is out-of-scope for this library.
For histogram equalization, an operation very commonly applied to LIC
images, please see rLIC's sister project
ahe, which follows the same minimalist
philosophy and originated within rLIC's code base.
Free-threading support
rlic.convolve is trivially thread-safe, because it does not mutate any external
data. Wheels are available for Python 3.15t and later.
Installation
python -m pip install rLIC
Examples
rLIC consists in a single Python function, rlic.convolve, that convolves a
texture image (usually noise) with a 2D vector field described by its
components u and v, via a 1D kernel array. The result is an image where
pixel intensity is strongly correlated along field lines.
Let's see an example. We'll use matplotlib to visualize inputs and outputs.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import rlic
SHAPE = NX, NY = (256, 256)
prng = np.random.default_rng(0)
texture = prng.random(SHAPE)
x = np.linspace(0, np.pi, NY)
U = np.broadcast_to(np.cos(2 * x), SHAPE)
V = np.broadcast_to(np.sin(x).T, SHAPE)
fig, axs = plt.subplots(ncols=2, sharex=True, sharey=True, figsize=(10, 5))
for ax in axs:
ax.set(aspect="equal", xticks=[], yticks=[])
ax = axs[0]
ax.set_title("Input texture (noise)")
ax.imshow(texture)
ax = axs[1]
ax.set_title("Input vector field")
Y, X = np.mgrid[0:NY, 0:NX]
ax.streamplot(X, Y, U, V)
Now let's compute some convolutions, varying the number of iterations
kernel = 1 - np.abs(np.linspace(-1, 1, 65))
fig_out, axs_out = plt.subplots(ncols=3, figsize=(15, 5))
for ax in axs_out:
ax.set(aspect="equal", xticks=[], yticks=[])
for n, ax in zip((1, 5, 100), axs_out, strict=True):
image = rlic.convolve(
texture,
U,
V,
kernel=kernel,
boundaries="periodic",
iterations=n,
)
ax.set_title(f"Convolution result ({n} iteration(s))")
ax.imshow(image)
Polarization mode
By default, the direction of the vector field affects the result. That is, the
sign of each component matters. Such a vector field is analogous to a velocity
field. However, the sign of u or v may sometimes be irrelevant, and only
their absolute directions should be taken into account. Such a vector field is
analogous to a polarization field. rLIC supports this use case via an
additional keyword argument, uv_mode, which can be either 'velocity'
(default), or 'polarization'. In practice, the difference between these two
modes in only visible around sharps changes in sign in either u or v, and
with certain kernels.
Let's illustrate one such case
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import rlic
SHAPE = NX, NY = (256, 256)
prng = np.random.default_rng(0)
texture = prng.random(SHAPE)
kernel = 1 - np.abs(np.linspace(-1, 1, 65, dtype="float64"))
U0 = np.ones(SHAPE)
ii = np.broadcast_to(np.arange(NX), SHAPE)
U = np.where(ii < NX / 2, -U0, U0)
V = np.zeros((NX, NX))
fig, axs = plt.subplots(ncols=3, sharex=True, sharey=True, figsize=(15, 5))
for ax in axs:
ax.set(aspect="equal", xticks=[], yticks=[])
ax = axs[0]
ax.set_title("Input vector field")
Y, X = np.mgrid[0:NY, 0:NX]
ax.streamplot(X, Y, U, V)
for uv_mode, ax in zip(("velocity", "polarization"), axs[1:], strict=True):
image = rlic.convolve(
texture,
U,
V,
kernel=kernel,
uv_mode=uv_mode,
boundaries={"x": "periodic", "y": "closed"},
)
ax.set_title(f"{uv_mode=!r}")
ax.imshow(image)
Memory Usage
rLIC.convolve allocates exactly two buffers with the same size as texture,
u and v, regardless of the number of iterations performed, one of which is
discarded when the function returns. This means that peak usage is about 5/3 of
the amount needed to hold input data in memory, and usage drops to 4/3 on
return.
1 maintainer
Metadata
1 maintainer
Release files for rlic 0.5.6
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