rustygate

A Jupyter kernel gateway as one binary: kernels, terminals, files, and per-cell notebook operations, over the same REST and websocket API shapes jupyter_server uses.

Running

rustygate [--host H] [--port N] [--token T] [--root DIR] [--tls]

The defaults are 127.0.0.1, port 8787, no auth, and the working directory as the files root. With a token set, requests carry Authorization: token T or ?token=T. --tls serves https and wss from a self-signed certificate generated at startup; clients opt out of verification (jupyasyncclient's verify=False).

The APIs

Kernels follow jupyter_server's routes: GET/POST /api/kernels, GET/DELETE /api/kernels/{id}, POST .../interrupt, POST .../restart, and the client websocket at .../channels. The kernel model adds pid, last_heartbeat, and path. A kernel that misses three heartbeats shows execution_state "unresponsive" until the next echo. The gateway never kills an unresponsive kernel. A kernel becomes dead only when its process exits.

Terminals mirror jupyter_server_terminals: GET/POST /api/terminals, GET/DELETE /api/terminals/{name}, and a websocket at .../channel. Binary frames carry pty bytes verbatim in both directions. Text frames carry JSON control messages: setup, gap, eof, and inbound set_size.

The files API is jupyter's contents API, notebook-blind and byte-oriented. GET/PUT/PATCH/POST/DELETE /api/contents/{path}. Every model carries name, path, type, size, mtime, and writable. Costly fields are requested with fields=, for example fields=hash,content. PATCH renames. POST copies, with copy_from in the body and the target as the path. DELETE refuses a non-empty directory.

The cells API edits ipynb files per cell. GET /api/cells/{path} returns the parsed cells and the file hash. fields=hashes returns per-cell hashes for cheap sync, and ids= fetches a subset. POST /api/cells/{path} applies a batch of ops atomically:

{"ops": [
  {"op": "add", "cell": {...}, "after": "id"},
  {"op": "update", "id": "x", "source": "..."},
  {"op": "delete", "id": "x"}
]}

Update replaces each provided key wholesale. Add without an anchor appends, and a missing cell id is generated and returned in added_ids. Any failure rolls back the whole batch.

Hashes and conditional writes

One hash serves everywhere: sha256 of the file's bytes, the same value in directory listings, contents models, cells responses, and broadcasts. Every mutation in both APIs accepts expected_hash and session_id query parameters. A stale expected_hash is rejected with 409 and the current hash. Per-cell hashes are opaque: compare them, never recompute them.

Change notifications

A kernel created with a path binds to that notebook, and every client on its websocket is subscribed. Changes arrive as ordinary Jupyter-envelope messages on the gateway-private cells channel, msg_type cell_ops, with the path, the new file hash, and ops in the same vocabulary as the cells API. The op author, identified by session_id, does not receive its own change. Writes through the contents API and foreign writes detected by the gateway's file watcher arrive the same way, as diffed ops. rename, deleted, and reset events join the stream; reset means re-fetch the file.

Ops are not writable over the websocket; use the REST APIs. After a reconnect that reports dropped messages, re-sync from GET /api/cells/{path}?fields=hashes instead of trusting the op stream.

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Credits

Author: Jeremy Howard

Maintainer: fast.ai

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Apache-2.0

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Python >=3.10

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