A scanpy plugin for differential gene expression analysis, similar to Seurat's FindMarkers
Project description
scanpy-diff
scanpy-diff is a scanpy plugin providing Seurat-style differential gene expression analysis (FindMarkers / FindAllMarkers). Supports Wilcoxon, t-test, logistic regression, ROC, and DESeq2 methods with multiple testing correction and visualization.
中文用户请参考下方完整文档。English API docs are in the Python docstrings.
✨ 功能特性
| 功能 | Seurat 对应 | scanpy-diff |
|---|---|---|
| 单组 vs 参考 | FindMarkers() |
sd.find_markers() |
| 所有组 vs 参考 | FindAllMarkers() |
sd.find_all_markers() |
| Wilcoxon 秩和检验 | test = "wilcox" |
method = "wilcoxon" |
| Welch t 检验 | test = "t" |
method = "t-test" |
| 逻辑回归检验 | test = "LR" |
method = "logreg" |
| ROC AUC 分析 | test = "roc" |
method = "roc" |
| DESeq2 检验 | test = "DESeq2" |
method = "deseq2" |
| 多重比较校正 | BH, Bonferroni | BH, Bonferroni, BY, Holm |
| 最小表达比例过滤 | min.pct |
min_pct |
| Fold Change 过滤 | logfc.threshold |
logfc_threshold |
| 火山图 | — | sd.pl.volcano() |
| 热图 | — | sd.pl.marker_heatmap() |
| 点图 | — | sd.pl.dotplot() |
📦 安装
pip install scanpy-diff
或从源码安装:
git clone https://github.com/xpf10/scanpy-diff.git
cd scanpy-diff
pip install -e ".[dev]"
可选依赖(DESeq2 方法):
pip install pydeseq2
🚀 快速开始
import scanpy as sc
import scanpy_diff as sd
# 加载数据(需要已完成聚类)
adata = sc.datasets.pbmc3k_processed()
# -----------------------------------------------
# 1. 单组差异分析(类似 Seurat FindMarkers)
# -----------------------------------------------
# Cluster 0 vs 所有其他细胞(默认 Wilcoxon 检验)
markers = sd.find_markers(adata, groupby='louvain', group='0')
print(markers.head(10))
# Cluster 0 vs Cluster 1 的对比
markers_01 = sd.find_markers(
adata,
groupby='louvain',
group='0',
reference='1',
method='wilcoxon',
min_pct=0.25,
logfc_threshold=0.5,
padj_cutoff=0.05,
)
print(markers_01.head(10))
# -----------------------------------------------
# 2. 所有组差异分析(类似 Seurat FindAllMarkers)
# -----------------------------------------------
all_markers = sd.find_all_markers(
adata,
groupby='louvain',
method='wilcoxon',
n_genes_per_group=50,
min_pct=0.1,
logfc_threshold=0.25,
padj_cutoff=0.05,
only_positive=True,
)
print(all_markers.head(20))
# -----------------------------------------------
# 3. 结果处理
# -----------------------------------------------
# 进一步过滤
filtered = sd.filter_markers(
markers,
min_log2fc=1.0,
max_padj=0.01,
min_pct=0.25,
)
# 获取每个 cluster 的 top 10 标记基因
top10 = sd.top_markers(all_markers, n=10)
# 转换为字典格式(可直接传入 sc.pl.dotplot)
marker_dict = sd.markers_to_dict(all_markers, n=20)
sc.pl.dotplot(adata, marker_dict, groupby='louvain')
# -----------------------------------------------
# 4. 可视化
# -----------------------------------------------
# 火山图
sd.pl.volcano(markers, log2fc_cutoff=1.0, padj_cutoff=0.05, n_label=10)
# 标记基因热图
sd.pl.marker_heatmap(adata, all_markers, groupby='louvain', n_genes=5)
# 点图
sd.pl.dotplot(adata, all_markers, groupby='louvain', n_genes=5)
# 每个 cluster 的标记基因数量柱状图
sd.pl.summary_barplot(all_markers)
# log2FC 热图(基因 × cluster)
sd.pl.log2fc_heatmap(all_markers, n_genes=5)
📊 返回值结构
find_markers() 返回一个 pd.DataFrame,列含义如下(与 Seurat 对照):
| 列名 | Seurat 对应 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
gene |
行名 | 基因名 |
scores |
— | 检验统计量(AUC/t值/LR统计量) |
log2fc |
avg_log2FC |
平均 log2 fold change |
pct_1 |
pct.1 |
group 中表达该基因的细胞比例 |
pct_2 |
pct.2 |
reference 中表达该基因的细胞比例 |
pval |
p_val |
原始 p 值 |
padj |
p_val_adj |
校正后 p 值 |
find_all_markers() 额外返回:
| 列名 | Seurat 对应 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
cluster |
cluster |
来源 cluster |
🔬 方法说明
Wilcoxon(默认,推荐)
markers = sd.find_markers(adata, groupby='leiden', group='0', method='wilcoxon')
- 非参数检验,不假设正态分布
- 对噪声鲁棒,是 Seurat 默认方法
- 适合大多数 scRNA-seq 数据
t-test
markers = sd.find_markers(adata, groupby='leiden', group='0', method='t-test')
- Welch t 检验(不假设等方差)
- 速度快,适合大数据集
- 假设数据近似正态分布
逻辑回归(logreg)
markers = sd.find_markers(adata, groupby='leiden', group='0', method='logreg')
- 基于逻辑回归的似然比检验
- 对应 Seurat 的
LR方法 - 可以添加协变量(后续版本)
ROC 分析
markers = sd.find_markers(adata, groupby='leiden', group='0', method='roc')
- 计算每个基因的 AUC(分类能力)
- 返回 AUC 值作为 scores
- AUC > 0.5 表示上调
DESeq2(伪批量)
markers = sd.find_markers(
adata, groupby='leiden', group='0',
method='deseq2', layer='counts' # 需要原始计数
)
- 需要安装
pydeseq2:pip install pydeseq2 - 使用原始计数数据(整数)
- 适合处理批次效应显著的数据
⚙️ 参数详解
find_markers() 关键参数
sd.find_markers(
adata,
groupby='leiden', # obs 列名
group='0', # 要分析的 cluster
reference='rest', # 参考组(默认所有其他细胞)
method='wilcoxon', # 检验方法
layer=None, # 使用的层(默认 adata.X)
n_genes=None, # 返回 top N 基因
min_pct=0.1, # group 中最低表达比例(等同 Seurat min.pct)
min_pct_reference=0.0, # reference 中最低表达比例
logfc_threshold=0.25, # 最低 |log2FC|(等同 Seurat logfc.threshold)
pval_cutoff=1.0, # 原始 p 值过滤
padj_cutoff=1.0, # 校正 p 值过滤
only_positive=False, # 只返回上调基因
correction_method='fdr_bh', # 多重比较校正方法
use_raw=False, # 使用 adata.raw
verbose=True, # 打印进度
)
🧪 运行测试
# 安装开发依赖
pip install -e ".[dev]"
# 运行全部测试
pytest tests/ -v
# 运行特定测试类
pytest tests/test_diff.py::TestFindMarkers -v
# 查看覆盖率
pytest tests/ --cov=scanpy_diff --cov-report=html
📁 项目结构
scanpy_diff/
├── scanpy_diff/
│ ├── __init__.py # 公共 API
│ ├── _diff.py # find_markers(), find_all_markers()
│ ├── _stats.py # 统计检验实现
│ ├── _utils.py # 工具函数
│ └── pl.py # 可视化函数
├── tests/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── test_diff.py # 测试套件
├── pyproject.toml
└── README.md
📝 引用
如果您在研究中使用了 scanpy-diff,请引用:
- Seurat: Hao et al. (2021) Cell
- scanpy: Wolf et al. (2018) Genome Biology
🔍 与 Seurat 的对比验证
项目包含完整的交叉验证脚本(comparison/ 目录):
| 脚本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
seurat_de.R |
Seurat PBMC3k 完整分析流程 |
compare_de.py |
scanpy vs scanpy-diff 全方法对比 |
cross_compare.R |
Seurat vs scanpy-diff 跨平台比较 |
fair_compare.R |
使用相同 Leiden 标签的公平对比 |
运行顺序:seurat_de.R → compare_de.py → cross_compare.R → fair_compare.R
📜 许可证
MIT License
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