segno 1.3.3

QR Code and Micro QR Code generator for Python 2 and Python 3

QR Code encoder and Micro QR Code encoder

Pure Python QR Code generator with no dependencies.

This package implements ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E) “QR Code bar code symbology specification” and produces QR Codes and Micro QR Codes with nearly no effort. It supports the Structured Append mode which splits a message across several QR codes.

Segno (Italian for “sign” / “symbol”) provides several serialization formats like Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Portable Document Format (PDF), Netpbm (PAM, PBM, PPM), LaTeX (PGF/TikZ), X PixMap (XBM), and X Bitmap (XPM) etc. None of these serializers require an external lib. Further, it provides several high level functions to create QR Codes which encode contact data (vCard, MeCard), EPC QR Codes, or WIFI QR Codes.

The project provides more than 1500 test cases (coverage >= 98%) to verify a standard conform QR Code and Micro QR Code generation acc. to ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E).

Unique features

• Pure Python QR Code generator (supports 2.7, 3.5+, PyPy2 and PyPy3)
• No dependencies
• A lot of serialization formats (SVG, PNG, EPS, PDF, …)
• Fastest (pure Python) QR Code encoder
• Micro QR Codes
• Structured Append mode
• Hanzi mode
• Command line interface
• Simple, user-friendly API

import segno
qr = segno.make('Yellow Submarine')
qr.save('yellow-submarine.png')

• Colorful QR codes

  

  … works also with Micro QR codes

  

• Artistic QR Codes (requires the qrcode-artistic plug-in)

  

  … animated QR codes are supported as well

  

Installation

Use pip to install segno from PyPI:

$ pip install segno

MacPorts

Segno is also available at MacPorts (MacPorts project page):

$ sudo port install py-segno

conda-forge

The library is also available at conda-forge (conda-forge project page):

$ conda install -c conda-forge segno

Debian 10 / Buster (backports)

$ apt-get -t buster-backports install python3-segno

Debian 11 / Bullseye (testing)

$ apt-get install python3-segno

Usage

Command line

The command line script prints a QR code to the terminal:

$ segno "Comfortably Numb"

To serialize a QR code, use the “output” argument:

$ segno -o=raincoat.svg "Famous Blue Raincoat"
$ segno --scale 10 --dark darkblue --border 0 --output=fire.svg "Who by Fire"
$ segno --scale 10 --light transparent --output=miracle.png "Waiting for the Miracle"

Library

>>> import segno
>>> # Let Segno choose the minimal version and an optimal (maximal) error
>>> # level without changing the minimal version
>>> qr = segno.make('Up Jumped the Devil')
>>> qr.designator  # Returns the QR code version and the error correction level
'2-Q'
>>> qr.save('up-jumped-the-devil.png')  # Save as PNG
>>> qr.save('up-jumped-the-devil-2.png', scale=10)  # Scaling factor 10
>>> qr.save('up-jumped-the-devil-3.png', light=None)  # Transparent light modules
>>> qr.save('up-jumped-the-devil.pdf', scale=10)  # Save as PDF
>>> # SVG drawing the dark modules in "dark blue"
>>> qr.save('up-jumped-the-devil.svg', scale=10, dark='darkblue')

If the content to encode is small enough, a Micro QR code is generated:

>>> import segno
>>> qr = segno.make('RAIN')
>>> qr.is_micro
True
>>> qr.designator
'M2-M'

If this behaviour is not desired, the user may set micro to False

>>> import segno
>>> qr = segno.make('RAIN', micro=False)
>>> qr.is_micro
False
>>> qr.designator
'1-H'

Or use the factory functions segno.make_qr() which generates always QR codes (never Micro QR codes) or segno.make_micro() which returns always Micro QR codes (or raises an error if the content is too large for a Micro QR code).

>>> import segno
>>> mqr = segno.make_micro('THE BEATLES')
>>> mqr.designator
'M3-M'
>>> qr = segno.make_qr('THE BEATLES')  # Same content but enforce a QR Code
>>> qr.designator
'1-Q'
>>> # This won't work since the data does not fit into a Micro QR Code M1 - M4
>>> mqr = segno.make_micro('Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds')
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
DataOverflowError: Data too large. No Micro QR Code can handle the provided data

All factory functions use the same parameters to specify the desired error level, version, data mask etc., see Segno’s documentation for details.

Documentation

Read the online documentation at <https://segno.readthedocs.io/>

Trademark

“QR Code” and “Micro QR Code” are registered trademarks of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED.

Changes

1.3.3 – 2021-03-23

• Fixed #95: helpers.make_wifi and helpers.make_wifi_data may return invalid data if any input contains characters which can be interpreted as an integer.
• Updated helpers.make_wifi and helpers.make_wifi_data signature and doc strings to match the stub / type hints.

1.3.2 – 2021-03-22

• Not released due to twine issues (markup errors in README.rst)

1.3.1 – 2020-09-01

• Fixed: Stub files (type hints) were missing from the source distribution.

1.3.0 – 2020-08-31

• Fixed #84: CLI --encoding was used for the encoding of SVG documents and not for the encoding of the QR code. Added --svgencoding to specify the encoding of SVG documents.

1.2.1 – 2020-08-27

• Improved API docs
• Added support for type hints for the public API (stub files)

1.2.0 – 2020-08-18

• Added QRCode.svg_inline method which returns a string which can be used to embed the SVG directly in HTML pages.
• Improved documentation <https://segno.readthedocs.org/>
• Improved code quality
• Switched from tox to nox
• Utilize flake8
• Moved metadata from setup.py to setup.cfg

1.1.0 – 2020-08-05

• Support for Hanzi mode, implemented by Shi Yan
• Fixed #81: Wrong character count in Kanji mode if the user provided the QR code data as bytes.
• Improved documentation <https://segno.readthedocs.org/>
• Improved API docs

1.0.2 – 2020-07-30

• Fixed error in Kanji encoding: Data was incomplete. Again, discovered by Shi Yan
• Better test coverage for Kanji encoding

1.0.1 – 2020-07-28

• Fixed wrong information about character count in Kanji mode (discovered and fixed by Shi Yan)
• Fixed #72: Encodings for helpers.make_epc_qr may be specified by name or by a numeric constant.
• Added support for Netpbm PPM images.
• Documentation improvements (also thanks to James Addison for pr #73)
• Removed “version” parameter from encoder.prepare_data (does not belong to the public API anyway)

1.0.0 – 2020-02-14

• Removed support for color / background keywords (deprecated in 0.4.0). Use dark and light.
• Reintroduced segno.DataOverflowError (inherited from ValueError) to indicate that the provided data does not fit into the provided (Micro) QR Code parameters.
• Documentation improvements
• Although this lib made backwards incompatible changes since version 0.1.0, the changes should be clear since almost all changes were made very conservative with backwards compatibility in mind. Even early adopters should find a clear update path. This version marks a stable API acc. to Semantic Versioning.
• The initial stable release after nearly four years of development. Happy valentine ;)

0.4.0 – 2020-01-21

• Removed deprecated functions, modules etc. See #56, #57, #59, #61, #67.
• Deprecated usage of keywords “color” and “background”. Replacements: “dark” and “light”. See #60. The deprecated keywords will be removed in 1.0.0.
• Minor performance improvements for writing SVG (at least for Py 3.7, YMMV).
• Documentation improvements

0.3.9 – 2020-01-19

• Fixed #71: Dark / light modules of the finder pattern may be interpreted wrong if set to None
• Removed segno.encoder, segno.writers and segno.utils from public API (fixes #69)
• Removed segno.colors (part of segno.writers now)
• Documentation improvements

0.3.8 – 2020-01-15

• Added support for multiple (more than two) colors to SVG (fixes #64)
• Fixed several test cases
• Removed QRCodeError and all derived exceptions from public API (still available but not thrown and they will be removed in 0.4.0)
• Documentation improvements

0.3.7 – 2020-01-09

• Documentation improvements: Added several examples, fixed docs
• Fixed #62: PNG serializer adds only those colors to the PLTE which are actually needed for the given (Micro) QR Code.
• Minor performance improvements

0.3.6 – 2020-01-06

• Backwards incompatibility change: QRCode.show() uses “dark” instead of “color” and “light” instead of “background” to define the color of the dark / light modules

• Backwards incompatibility change: All segno.writers use “dark” instead of “color” and “light” instead of “background”. This does not affect normal users, but only users of the low level API.

• Changed the keyword for setting the color of the dark modules from “color” to “dark” and for setting the light modules from “background” to “light” The former keywords are still supported. Their usage will issue a DeprecationWarning in the future.

• Added --dark and --light to the command line interface, see point above. `--color` and --background are still supported.

• Fixed typos, improved documentation

• Deprecated segno.moduletypes (will be removed in release 0.4.0), moved all constants to segno.consts

• Deprecated usage of parameter “colormap” (introduced in 0.3.4). It still works but a deprecation warning is issued. Instead of:

  colormap = {mt.TYPE_FINDER_PATTERN_DARK: 'darkred',
              mt.TYPE_ALIGNMENT_PATTERN_DARK: 'darkred',
              mt.TYPE_TIMING_DARK: 'darkred',
              mt.TYPE_DARKMODULE: 'darkred',
              mt.TYPE_DATA_DARK: 'darkorange',
              mt.TYPE_DATA_LIGHT: 'yellow',
              mt.TYPE_FORMAT_DARK: 'darkred'}
  
  qr.save('qrcode.png', scale=5, colormap=colormap)
  

  use:

  qr.save('qrcode.png', scale=5, dark='darkred', data_dark='darkorange',
          data_light='yellow')
  

  See Colorful QR Codes for a description of available module names.

0.3.5 – 2020-01-03

• Added support for colorful (more than two colors) QR Codes to the CLI script (fixes #58).
• Fixed Read the Docs build
• Improved documentation
• Minor performance and code improvements.

0.3.4 – 2020-01-02

• Fixed issue #54: After last change (see 0.3.3), white background with transparent QR Code did not work. Enhanced test suite to cover all possible inputs for PNG grayscale mode
• Removed interpretation of addad from PNG serializer. Contradicts the claim to create small images by default. It still belongs to the function signature but will be removed in release 0.4.0
• The option --no-ad (CLI) is still available but ignored and will be removed in release 0.4.0. Removed the option from man page.
• Added option to PNG serializer to provide more than two colors. Each module type may have its own color.
• Added support for EPC QR Codes.
• Fixed bug in helpers.make_vcard_data function (the “source” URL was not used, but the usual URL was added to the SOURCE field)
• Better test coverage for the segno.helpers module

0.3.3 – 2019-12-29

• Fixed issue #54: PNGs with white color and transparent background were rendered as transparent PNG with a black QR Code.
• Removed test environments CPython 3.4 and 3.6 from tox
• Improved documentation
• Refactored source code
• Added test cases
• Fixed bugs in helpers.make_vcard_data function (superfluous semicolon in birthday line, check geo coordinates)
• Renamed utils.matrix_iter_detail into utils.matrix_iter_verbose. Kept matrix_iter_detail for backwards compatibility (deprecated, will be removed in release 0.4.0)
• Moved module constants from segno.utils into segno.moduletypes, Constants from segno.utils will be removed in release 0.4.0.
• Added option verbose (default: False) to segno.QRCode.matrix_iter() which returns an iterator which provides information about the module type (i.e. quiet zone, dark data module, light data module).

0.3.2 – 2019-07-15

• Performance improvements
• Added man page for the CLI (fixes #41)
• Added more documentation and examples
• Fixed missing charts of <https://segno.readthedocs.io/en/stable/comparison-qrcode-libs.html>
• Added PyQRCodeNG <https://pypi.org/project/PyQRCodeNG/> to comparison table
• Updated CSS for a better layout of tables with a lot of content
• Removed deprecated functions encoder.score_n1, encoder.score_n2, encoder.score_n3, and encoder.score_n4 (they didn’t belong to the public API anyway)
• Fixed Read the Docs build

0.3.1 – 2019-07-15

• See 0.3.2

0.3.0 – 2019-06-25

• Performance improvements (evaluation of mask scores)
• Faster PNG output
• Faster utils.matrix_iter (which improves several writers, i.e. PNG)
• Deprecation of encoder.score_n1, encoder.score_n2, encoder.score_n3, and encoder.score_n4. Use encoder.mask_scores or encoder.evaluate_mask.

0.2.9 – 2019-04-24

• Fixed typos
• PDF serializer: Added support for stroke and background color, initial code contributed by Serge Morel (pr #52).

0.2.8 – 2018-10-17

• Fixed #45: CLI does not raise exceptions but indicates errors with return code 1 and writes the error message to sys.stderr
• Added experimental utils.matrix_iter_detail() function which returns an iterator over the matrix to distinguish different dark and light modules by their function (i.e. separator, finder pattern etc.)
• Minor performance improvements
• Removed Python 2.6 from test environment
• Added support for vCard TITLE attribute, contributed by Stefano Borini (pr #48)
• Added support for vCard PHOTO URI attribute, suggested by Arthur Reinhart

0.2.7 – 2018-02-18

• Fixed dist package

0.2.6 – 2018-02-18

• Updated and fixed docs
• Added PyPy 3 to test environment

0.2.5 – 2017-02-14

• Added experimental support for Structured Append (divide content into max. 16 QR Code symbols)
• Internal refactoring (i.e. segno/scripts/cmd.py -> segno/cli.py)
• Added -s shortcut to Segno’s command line interface to provide the scaling factor
• Added -b shortcut to Segno’s command line interface to provide the border / quiet zone
• CLI accepts unquoted, whitespace separated content: segno "Comfortably Numb" can be written as segno Comfortably Numb

0.2.4 – 2017-01-31

• Fixed #33: Some Micro QR Codes may be unreadable due to wrong format information. Further, M1 and M3 codes may be wrong due to wrong encoding of final data symbol character (8 bits instead of (correct) 4 bits). Thanks to Nicolas Boullis for the bug report, initial fix, tests and patience.
• Fixed #34: Change default error level from “M” to “L” to avoid surprises that the content does not fit into the provided version. This change is somewhat backwards incompatible.
• Fixed #35: Check of user supplied mask pattern index was wrong.
• Fixed #36: Wrong placement of codeword in M1 and M3 symbols.
• Fixed #37: Generation of M1 / M3 symbols fail if the data modules are completely filled.
• Fixed #38: Optimized mask pattern choosing algorithm: If the user supplied a preferred mask, the mask evaluation step is skipped and the preferred mask is chosen
• Added more internal checks to ensure correct (Micro) QR Codes; provided helpful exceptions
• Removed writers.get_writable (replaced by writers.writable)
• Added support for serializing QR Codes as XBM (X BitMap) (supports black / white images)
• Added support for serializing QR Codes as XPM (X PixMap) (supports colors and transparency)
• Added support for encoding contact information as vCard version 3.0 (segno.helpers)
• Added -V shortcut to Segno’s command line script to show version information
• Better test coverage for command line script
• Better test coverage for M1 and M3 symbols

0.2.3 – 2016-10-17

• Fixed #27: Email URI is wrong if CC or BCC is used.
• Fixed #32: Don’t add version attribute if SVG >= 2.0
• Deprecated writers.get_writable; use writers.writable writers.writable closes file-like objects automatically (if necessary); replace writable, must_close = writers.get_writable(filename_or_buffer, mode) with with writers.writable(filename_or_buffer, mode) as f
• Added option to PNG serializer to specify an optional DPI value (thanks to Markus Ueberall for support)
• Added PAM (Portable Arbitrary Map) as serialization format (supports colors and transparency)

0.2.2 – 2016-09-21

• Command line script reports Segno’s version (--ver) and the version is also mentioned in the help message (-h) (#24)
• Support for creating email addresses or complete messages (segno.helpers)
• Internal optimizations and more correct minimal version finding (#26)

0.2.1 – 2016-09-15

• Fixed Python packaging (source distribution did not work), again

0.2.0 – 2016-09-15

• Fixed Python packaging

0.1.9 – 2016-09-15

• Added “color” parameter to the LaTeX serializer to define the color of the dark modules.
• Fixed serious issue #23: Segno creates invalid QR Codes if boost_error is not disabled (enabled by default)

0.1.8 – 2016-09-14

• Removed utils.matrix_with_border_iter
• Fixed #21 (type error while writing to terminal under Windows)
• Added option to serialize QR Codes as LaTeX vector graphic
• Added module segno.helpers which provides additional factory functions to create common QR Codes like a WIFI configuration, a geo location or MeCard

0.1.7 – 2016-09-04

• Changed API: Added a feature to increase the error correction level if it fits. Disable this feature via boost_error=False (#16)
• Added --no-error-boost to the command line script to disable error correction level incrementation (#17)
• Command line script: Internal changes and better test coverage
• Added tests for issue #18
• Added PBM (P1 and P4) serialization.
• Deprecated utils.matrix_with_border_iter, use utils.matrix_iter
• utils.matrix_with_border_iter will be removed in the next release
• API change: QRCode.matrix_iter(border) -> QRCode.matrix_iter(scale=1, border=None)

0.1.6 – 2016-08-25

• Fixed setup

0.1.5 – 2016-08-24

• Added QRCode.matrix_iter(border) which returns an iterator over the matrix and includes the border (as light modules).
• Invalid (empty) SVG identifiers / class names are ignored and do not result into an invalid SVG document (issue #8).
• SVG serializer: If unit was set to None, an invalid SVG document was generated (issue #14).
• Better command line support:
  • The command line script recognizes all SVG options (#9)
  • Added --mode/-m, renamed --mask/-m to --pattern/-p (issue #10)
  • The script used an empty string as default value for the data to encode. The data to encode has no default value anymore (issue #11)
  • Added --no-ad to omit the comment Software in PNG images (issue #12)

0.1.4 – 2016-08-21

• Better terminal output
• Fixed issue #5: QRCode.terminal() uses a special output function (if it detects Windows) to support MS Windows which may not support ANSI escape codes.

0.1.3 – 2016-08-20

• Added command line script “segno”
• Registered new file extension “ans” which serializes the QR Code as ANSI escape code (same output as QRCode.terminal())
• Removed deprecated methods “eps”, “svg”, “png”, “pdf”, and “txt” from segno.QRCode
• Switched from nose tests to py.test

0.1.2 – 2016-08-17

• Updated docs
• Backward incompatible changes: Deprecated “eps”, “svg”, “png”, “pdf”, and “txt” methods from QRCode. Use QRCode.save. Methods will be removed in 0.1.3
• Fixed issue #3 (M1 and M3 codes may have undefined areas)
• Fixed issue #4 (wrong ‘error’ default value for encoder.encode(), factory function segno.make() wasn’t affected)

0.1.1 – 2016-08-14

• Initial release