shell-lib 0.41

A simple Python utility to simplify the writing of Shell-like scripts.

shell-lib

shell-lib is designed to simplify the writing of Shell-like scripts.

This module was co-created with Google Gemini.

Why shell-lib?

• Clean and Readable Syntax: Write scripts in readable Python, freeing from complex shell command syntax.
• Reliable Error Handling: Use Python's exception to manage command failure. If a command fails, by default, it raises a subprocess.CalledProcessError exception. For commands that may fail, user can also only check the exit-code.
• Unified File System Operations: Provide a consistent and intuitive file system operations API, that clearly distinguish between file and directory operations.
• Cross-Platform Compatibility: Write a single script that works across Linux, macOS, and Windows platforms.
• Rich Ecosystem Integration: Easily integrate with both the CLI tool and Python library ecosystems.
• Lightweight and Portable: Only uses Python standard library.

Usage

#!/usr/bin/python3
from shell_lib import sh

PROJECT_PATH = "my_project"
FILE = "hello.txt"

# `with sh:` is a *top-level* context manager.
# Its main purpose is, if `sh()` or `sh.safe_run()` fails, return the error
# exit-code from the command. If you don't need this, don't use it.
with sh:
    sh.create_dir(PROJECT_PATH)
    # sh.cd() context manager restores the previous working directory when
    # exiting the code block, even if an exception raised within the code block.
    with sh.cd(PROJECT_PATH):
        sh(f"echo 'Hello, World!' > {FILE}")
        print(f"File size: {sh.get_path_info(FILE).size} bytes")
    sh.remove_dir(PROJECT_PATH)

API Reference

File and Directory Operations

Path parameters can be str, bytes or pathlib.Path object.

• sh.home_dir() -> Path: Gets the current user's home directory, a pathlib.Path object.

• sh.path(path) -> Path: Converts a str/bytes path to a pathlib.Path object. Can utilize the rich features of pathlib module.

• sh.create_dir(path, *, exist_ok=False): Creates a directory.

• sh.remove_file(path, *, ignore_missing=False): Removes a file.

• sh.remove_dir(path, *, ignore_missing=False): Recursively removes a directory.

• sh.clear_dir(path) -> None: Clear the contents of a directory.

• sh.copy_file(src, dst, *, remove_existing_dst=False): Copies a file.

• sh.copy_dir(src, dst, *, remove_existing_dst=False): Copies a directory.

• sh.move_file(src, dst, *, remove_existing_dst=False): Moves a file.

• sh.move_dir(src, dst, *, remove_existing_dst=False): Moves a directory.

• sh.rename_file(src, dst): Renames a file.

• sh.rename_dir(src, dst): Renames a directory.

• sh.list_dir(path): Lists all entry names within a directory.

• sh.walk_dir(path, top_down=True): A generator that traverses a directory tree, yield a tuple(directory_path, file_name).

• sh.cd(path: str|bytes|Path|None): Changing the working directory. Can be used as a context manager.

• sh.split_path(path): os.path.split() alias.

• sh.join_path(*paths): os.path.join() alias.

• sh.path_exists(path) -> bool: Checks if a path exists.

• sh.is_file(path) -> bool: Checks if a path is a file.

• sh.is_dir(path) -> bool: Checks if a path is a directory.

• sh.get_path_info(path) -> PathInfo: Retrieves detailed information about an existing file or directory:

>>> sh.get_path_info('/usr/bin/')  # directory
PathInfo(path=/usr/bin/, size=69632, ctime=2025-09-13 09:05:36.561248,
mtime=2025-09-13 09:05:36.561248, atime=2025-09-14 09:31:12.406677,
is_dir=True, is_file=False, is_link=False, permissions=755)

>>> sh.get_path_info('/usr/bin/python3')  # file
PathInfo(path=/usr/bin/python3, size=8021824, ctime=2025-08-29 13:12:47.657879,
mtime=2025-08-15 01:47:21, atime=2025-09-13 13:40:22.696961,
is_dir=False, is_file=True, is_link=True, permissions=755)

Shell Command Execution

Executes a command with shell=True. Allows shell features like pipes (|) or redirection (>).

sh(command: str, *,
   text: bool = True,
   input: str|bytes|None = None,
   timeout: int|float|None = None,
   print_output: bool = True,
   fail_on_error: bool = True) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess

print_output:
    True: streams stdout and stderr to the console.
    False: stdout and stderr are saved in return value's `stdout`/`stderr` attributes.
fail_on_error:
    True: raises a subprocess.CalledProcessError on failure.
    False: doesn't raise exception, need to check return value's `returncode` attribute
           to see if it has failed.

Securely executes a command with shell=False. It only accepts a list of strings to prevent Shell injection. Use this method when the command contains external input.

sh.safe_run(command: list[str], *,
            text: bool = True,
            input: str|bytes|None = None,
            timeout: int|float|None = None,
            print_output: bool = True,
            fail_on_error: bool = True) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess

Script Control

• sh.pause(msg: str|None = None) -> None: Prompts the user to press any key to continue.
• sh.ask_choice(title: str, *choices: str) -> int: Displays a menu and gets a 1-based index from the user's choice.
• sh.ask_yes_no(title: str) -> bool: Asks user to answer yes or no.
• sh.ask_regex_input(title: str, pattern: str, *, print_pattern: bool = False) -> re.Match: Ask user to input a string, and verify it with a regex pattern.
• sh.exit(exit_code: int = 0): Exits the script with a specified exit code.

Get system information

• sh.get_preferred_encoding() -> str: Get the preferred encoding for the current locale.
• sh.get_filesystem_encoding() -> str: Get the encoding used by the OS for filenames.
• sh.get_username() -> str: Get the current username. On Linux, if running a script with sudo -E ./script.py, return root. To get the username in this case, use: sh.home_dir().name
• sh.is_elevated() -> bool: If the script is running with elevated (admin/root) privilege.
• sh.is_os(os_mask: int) -> bool: Test whether it's the OS specified by the parameter.

# os_mask can be:
sh.OS_Windows
sh.OS_Cygwin
sh.OS_Linux
sh.OS_macOS
sh.OS_Unix
sh.OS_Unix_like  # It's (OS_Cygwin | OS_Linux | OS_macOS | OS_Unix)

# Support bit OR (|) combination:
if sh.is_os(sh.OS_Linux | sh.OS_macOS):
    ...
elif sh.is_os(sh.OS_Windows):
    ...