shell-next

Persistent asynchronous Bash, PowerShell, and cmd sessions for Python 3.14+.

Bash sudo supports an upfront SessionConfig(sudo_password=...) reused by explicitly elevated commands, or an asynchronous per-command password provider.

Follow the step-by-step tutorial for examples from basic commands through a complete workflow on all three backends. Full standalone code is in examples/.

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from shell_next import Backend, ProcessCommand, SessionConfig, use_shell_session


async def inspect_repository(config: SessionConfig):
    async with use_shell_session(config) as shell:
        await shell.chdir("/srv/project")
        result = await shell.run(ProcessCommand("git", ("status", "--short")), check=True)
        return result.stdout_str()

Use ProcessCommand for executable arguments that must remain structural. Use SessionScript for backend-native scripts and persistent shell variables, functions, and aliases. Shell syntax is never translated between languages.

Install with python -m pip install shell-next. Supply SessionConfig(backend=Backend.BASH) on Linux, or select Backend.POWERSHELL (PowerShell 7 installed) or Backend.CMD on Windows. Python 3.14+ is required.

Interactive commands

from shell_next import CommandOptions, StdinMode


async def answer_prompt(shell, program):
    options = CommandOptions(stdin=StdinMode.MANUAL)
    async with shell.command(program, options=options, timeout=30) as command:
        await command.expect(b"Name: ")
        await command.sendline(b"Ada")
        await command.close_stdin()
        return await command.wait()

submit() immediately registers a command and returns its handle. One session executes one command at a time; the default policy rejects concurrent submissions. ConcurrencyPolicy.QUEUE enables FIFO queuing. Different sessions run independently.

Cancelling wait() cancels observation only. Cancelling run() or escaping a command context requests termination. A force-stopped shell becomes unusable; create another session explicitly when required.

Deterministic application tests

from shell_next import Emit, MockExpectation, MockScenario, MockShellSession

scenario = MockScenario(
    [
        MockExpectation(ProcessCommand("git", ("status", "--short")), (Emit(b" M README.md\n"),)),
    ]
)
config = SessionConfig()
config._session_cls = MockShellSession.configured(scenario)

Pass this same configuration to application code using use_shell_session. The mock shares production lifecycle code while keeping execution, state, input, and output in memory. Unmatched commands and unconsumed strict expectations fail. Advance(60) advances mock time without sleeping. Plain config._session_cls = MockShellSession creates an empty strict scenario.

Capture and capabilities

Results retain the original ProcessCommand or SessionScript as result.command. Use result.stdout_str() and result.stderr_str() for decoded tail text (UTF-8 with replacement by default), or access raw bytes through result.stdout.tail and result.stderr.tail.

Public records have named-field reprs with readable enum names and abbreviated large payloads. Sessions and command handles show current lifecycle state and counts. Representations preserve hidden secret fields and do not query the shell.

Set SessionConfig(capture=CaptureConfig(tail_bytes=4096)) to retain at most 4 KiB per stream; the default is 65,536 bytes (64 KiB), and zero retains no tail. Each stream retains its own bounded tail, and literal prompt matching uses a separate bounded window. Slow event subscribers receive an overflow error without blocking primary capture. Opt into full capture with CaptureConfig(directory=existing_directory). Results distinguish received bytes, durable file bytes, truncation, sealing, and possible unread output.

Inspect shell.capabilities before requesting backend-specific behavior. Windows active elevation and terminal/PowerShell Host prompt automation are unsupported. The library is a process-management API, not a security sandbox for untrusted scripts.

See the development specification, usage guide, architecture, and release checklist.

Development

python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
python -m ruff check .
python -m mypy
python -m pytest --cov --cov-branch
python -m build
python -m twine check dist/*

The package uses only the Python standard library at runtime. Tests that start real shells are marked integration. Test files mirror production responsibilities; reusable test infrastructure lives in tests/support.