signals 0.1.0a7

Primitives for transparent reactive programming in Python

signals

primitives for transparent reactive programming in python

install

pip install signals

usage

from signals import Signal, effect

a = Signal(0)
b = Signal(2)

def c():
    return a() + b()

print(c()) # 2

a.set(1)
print(c()) # 3

b.set(3)
print(c()) # 4

# Log the values of a, b, c whenever one changes
@effect
def log_abc():
    print(a(), b(), c())

a.set(2) # prints (2, 3, 5)

cell magic

we also provide a ipython cell magic %%effect, which offers a convenient way re-execute cells that use signals.

In[1]:

%load_ext signals
from signals import Signal

a = Signal(0)
b = Signal(2)

In[2]:

%%effect
a() + b() # re-evaluates the cell whenever a or b changes

In[3]:

a.set(1)

what

signals is an implementation of transparent reactive programming (TRP) for Python.

TRP is a declarative programming paradigm for expressing relationships between values that vary over time. These time-varying values are known as signals. Whenever a signal changes, the system automatically updates all dependents.

Spreadsheets are the classic example of TRP: cells linked by formulas update automatically when values change. The system discovers dependencies by observing data access, dynamically constructing a dependency graph.

The key features of TRP include:

• declarative: the programmer specifies relationships between values
• transparent: the system (not the programmer) automatically tracks dependencies
• efficient: the system performs only the necessary computations to ensure relationships hold over time

why

TL;DR - TRP is a natural fit for interactive computing but has so far lacked the right interface in popular tools to go mainstream. You can read more of my unfinished thoughts on this topic.

development

this project uses uv for development.

uv run ty check    # typecheck code
uv run ruff check  # lints code
uv run ruff format # formats code
uv run pytest      # run tests