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singlet

Find, load, and analyze re-processed public single-cell RNA-seq studies with one line of Python.

Singlet re-processes public GEO single-cell RNA-seq studies through one uniform pipeline and publishes each study as a .singlet file. You work with two simple things: GEO accession strings (GSE… / GSM…) and .singlet files. Everything loads as AnnData, ready for scanpy or PyTorch. Browse the catalog at singlet.bio.

  • Data: CC0 (public domain) — Code: MIT.
  • Downloads need no login and no API key.

Install

pip install singlet

Wheels for Linux (x86_64, aarch64), macOS (Intel, Apple silicon) and Windows include the compiled .1pz / .s1 codec, so no compiler is needed. The development version installs from GitHub:

pip install "singlet @ git+https://github.com/Singlet-Bio/singlet"

Building from source compiles the package's .1pz codec, so you need a C++17 compiler and zstd (headers + library): apt install build-essential libzstd-dev on Debian/Ubuntu, brew install zstd on macOS, or conda install -c conda-forge zstd. Linux, macOS and Windows are supported (Windows needs Visual Studio Build Tools and zstd to build from source; wheels are built in CI).

Optional extras (same URL, extra in brackets):

pip install "singlet[analysis] @ git+https://github.com/Singlet-Bio/singlet"  # matplotlib, scanpy, statsmodels, igraph, leidenalg
pip install "singlet[torch] @ git+https://github.com/Singlet-Bio/singlet"     # PyTorch DataLoaders
pip install "singlet[zarr] @ git+https://github.com/Singlet-Bio/singlet"      # Zarr export/import
pip install "singlet[mcp] @ git+https://github.com/Singlet-Bio/singlet"       # local MCP server (singlet-mcp)

Quick start

import singlet

# Find studies in plain English → GSE accessions (live search)
studies = singlet.find("human PBMC 10x")

# Load a study → AnnData (free download, cached under ~/.singlet/cache)
adata = singlet.load("GSE138867")

# Load one sample: the parent study is downloaded, then filtered to it
pbmc1 = singlet.load("GSM4120733")

# Load and concatenate several studies into ONE AnnData
adata = singlet.load(["GSE138867", "GSE146974"])

# Per-cell labels come with every per-sample study (docs/cell_annotation.md section 8)
adata.obs[
    ["cell_type", "cell_type_ontology_term_id", "sex_chrom", "ancestry_hancestro", "called_ed"]
]
# ... and can select cells before anything else is downloaded
heart = singlet.cells("GSE286650", "cell_type == 'cardiac muscle cell' and sex_chrom == 'male'")

# Load a local .singlet file
adata = singlet.load("path/to/GSE138867.singlet")

# Search and load the top three matching studies in one step
adata = singlet.find_load("human pancreas islet cells")

load() accepts a single accession, a single .singlet path, or a list/tuple mixing both. Lists are concatenated into one AnnData; obs["source"] and obs["dataset"] record where each cell came from.

What you get back:

  • X: gene-level UMI counts (cells × genes, sparse), with layers["spliced"] and layers["unspliced"] when both are available.
  • var_names: Ensembl gene ids; var["gene_name"]: gene symbols.
  • obs: gsm_id, organism, protocol and other per-sample metadata.
  • uns["study_meta"], uns["manifest"]: study metadata and the file's manifest (stored so that write_h5ad / write_zarr work).
  • uns["skipped_samples"]: present only when some samples had an empty count matrix; those are skipped with a warning. A study with no usable sample raises an error pointing to its page on singlet.bio.

Pick genes by symbol or by Ensembl id:

adata = singlet.load("GSE138867", genes=["CD3E", "MS4A1", "ENSG00000105374"])

Symbols are matched exactly first, then case-insensitively; anything unmatched is reported in a warning.

import singlet

singlet.find("exhausted T cells in melanoma")  # study (GSE) accessions
singlet.find("mouse brain 10x", level="gsm", limit=20)  # sample (GSM) accessions

# find + load in one call (top 3 studies by default; raise limit deliberately)
adata = singlet.find_load("human kidney organoids", limit=5)

Search runs against the hosted endpoint (https://singlet.bio/api; override with $SINGLET_API_BASE). It is rate-limited per client; for heavier use, create a key at https://singlet.bio/account and call singlet.set_api_key() (or set $SINGLET_API_KEY).

Browse the catalog snapshot (offline)

import singlet

singlet.summary()  # snapshot overview
singlet.samples(organism="Homo sapiens", status="SUCCESS")
singlet.tissues()  # tissue breakdown
singlet.info("GSE138867")  # metadata

These functions read a catalog snapshot bundled with the package, so they work offline but lag the live catalog. singlet.info() falls back to the live API (/api/gse/<GSE>, /api/gsm/<GSM>) for accessions the snapshot does not know, and python -m singlet prints live totals from https://singlet.bio/api/stats. Set SINGLET_OFFLINE=1 to disable those live lookups.

Export

singlet.to_h5ad(adata, "study.h5ad")
singlet.to_zarr(adata, "study.zarr")  # needs singlet[zarr]
singlet.to_mtx(adata, "study_mtx/")  # 10x-style matrix.mtx.gz + barcodes + features

Loom export is not supported from Python.

Standard analysis (scanpy-compatible)

import scanpy as sc

adata = singlet.load("GSE138867")
sc.pp.normalize_total(adata, target_sum=1e4)
sc.pp.log1p(adata)
sc.pp.highly_variable_genes(adata)
sc.tl.pca(adata)
sc.pp.neighbors(adata)
sc.tl.umap(adata)
sc.tl.leiden(adata)

The package also has built-in equivalents (singlet.normalize, singlet.pca, singlet.neighbors, singlet.leiden, singlet.umap, ...) that do not need scanpy.

PyTorch training

from singlet.torch import SingletDataset, DataLoader

# An array of .singlet files, concatenated into one training set
loader = DataLoader(
    ["a.singlet", "b.singlet", "c.singlet"],
    batch_size=512,
    device="cuda",
    normalize=True,
)

# A single dataset / accession / AnnData also works
ds = SingletDataset("GSE138867", normalize=True)

MCP servers

  • Hosted: https://singlet.bio/mcp serves the live catalog to MCP clients; nothing to install.
  • Local: singlet-mcp (install singlet[mcp]) runs 12 tools over the offline catalog snapshot plus live search, over stdio. The old command name singlet still works but is deprecated.

Configuration

Variable Meaning
SINGLET_DATA_BASE Bundle host: files live at <base>/data/<GSE>/<GSE>.singlet (default https://data.singlet.bio; a trailing /data is accepted, so the R client's value works too)
SINGLET_SAMPLE_MIRROR Self-hosted mirror of per-sample directories for singlet.fetch() (no public default)
SINGLET_API_BASE REST API base (default https://singlet.bio/api)
SINGLET_CACHE_DIR Download cache (default ~/.singlet/cache)
SINGLET_API_KEY Optional key for natural-language search
SINGLET_OFFLINE 1 disables the live lookups in info() and python -m singlet

License

Code: MIT. Catalog data: CC0 (public domain).

Metadata

Release files for singlet 1.2.0

For a detailed explanation of source distributions (sdists) and built distributions (wheels), please see the package formats documentation.

Source distribution (sdist)

Source distribution for singlet 1.2.0
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singlet-1.2.0.tar.gz 10.0 MB With provenance Details for singlet-1.2.0.tar.gz

Built distributions (wheels)

Table of built distributions (wheels) for singlet 1.2.0
File Actions
singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 Windows x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 macOS 11.0+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.13 CPython 3.13 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 Windows x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 macOS 11.0+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.12 CPython 3.12 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp312-cp312-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 Windows x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 macOS 11.0+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.11 CPython 3.11 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl CPython 3.10 CPython 3.10 Windows x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.10 CPython 3.10 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.10 CPython 3.10 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl CPython 3.10 CPython 3.10 macOS 11.0+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.10 CPython 3.10 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl CPython 3.9 CPython 3.9 Windows x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl CPython 3.9 CPython 3.9 Linux glibc 2.28+ x86-64, Linux glibc 2.27+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl CPython 3.9 CPython 3.9 Linux glibc 2.28+ ARM64, Linux glibc 2.27+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_27_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl CPython 3.9 CPython 3.9 macOS 11.0+ x86-64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl
singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl CPython 3.9 CPython 3.9 macOS 11.0+ ARM64 Details for singlet-1.2.0-cp39-cp39-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

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