smongo 0.9.6

Small MongoDB, big ambitions -- a local-first document engine (redb + Rust) with Atlas sync

smongo

SQLite for the MongoDB world.

pip install smongo -- an embedded, local-first MongoDB engine built on redb and Rust (smongo-engine). Same document model, same MQL, same wire protocol. No mongod, no Docker, no network. Just import and go.

The same ecological niche as SQLite -- embedded, zero-config, in-process -- but for the document model instead of relational. It's not a replacement for mongod in production. For local-first apps, dev/test without Docker, edge computing, AI/RAG pipelines, and "same MQL everywhere" architectures, it fills a gap that nothing else quite does.

"Same everywhere" -- the architectural bet that the local engine, the query
language, the wire protocol, and the cloud database should all be the same
thing, with no translation layer in between.

from smongo import MongoClient

# Flip the URI -- same code, different backend
client = MongoClient("local://data")                              # embedded redb
# client = MongoClient("mongodb+srv://...")                        # Atlas / any mongod
# client = MongoClient("local://data", sync="mongodb+srv://...")   # local-first + auto sync

db = client["myapp"]
users = db["users"]

users.insert_one({"name": "Alice", "age": 34, "city": "NYC"})
users.create_index([("city", 1), ("age", -1)])

for doc in users.find({"city": "NYC", "age": {"$gt": 30}}):
    print(doc["name"])

results = users.aggregate([
    {"$group": {"_id": "$city", "avg_age": {"$avg": "$age"}}},
    {"$sort": {"avg_age": -1}},
])

---

Documentation

Design notes: ARCHITECTURE.md, WIRE-PROTOCOL.md, AGGREGATION.md, RUST-PY.md, ACID-TRANSACTIONS.md, QUERY-PLANNER.md, MQL-COMPILER.md, LOCAL-FIRST.md, SYNC-NOTES.md, BYE-BYE-GIL.md, PERF.md. Zero-FFI pipeline: ZERO-FFI-STATUS.md, ZERO-FFI-AGGREGATION.md. Browser / WASM demos: rust/smongo-engine/wasm/README.md.

---

Why smongo?

Problem	How smongo fixes it
Local dev requires a running mongod or Docker container	Embedded redb + smongo-engine in a Rust extension. No mongod required
mongomock doesn't support real aggregation pipelines	Full pipeline engine: 25+ stages incl. $facet, $merge, $out, $vectorSearch, $lookup with 17 group accumulators
Edge / offline-first apps need a different DB and query language	Same MQL everywhere -- one codebase, portable across environments
Syncing local state to the cloud is a custom nightmare	Built-in oplog-driven bidirectional sync with metrics, backoff, selective filters, and conflict resolution
Mock databases don't have indexes or query planners	Real B-Tree indexes with a heuristic prefix-scoring query planner that accelerates reads and writes
Embedded databases lack ACID writes or thread safety	redb transactions wrap engine writes (data + indexes + oplog); the stack is thread-safe for typical app use

---

AI & LLM Integration

smongo speaks the real MongoDB wire protocol. That means LangChain, CrewAI, mongosh, Compass, and any MongoDB driver connect to the embedded engine over TCP and work unchanged -- they don't know it's not Atlas.

from smongo import WireServer

with WireServer(db_path, port=27017) as srv:
    # Any MongoDB client connects here -- LangChain, pymongo, mongosh, Compass
    from pymongo import MongoClient as PyMongoClient

    client = PyMongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017", directConnection=True)
    coll = client["langchain_db"]["vectors"]

    # Official LangChain class -- zero custom code, zero wrappers
    from langchain_mongodb import MongoDBAtlasVectorSearch

    vectorstore = MongoDBAtlasVectorSearch(
        collection=coll,
        embedding=embeddings,
        index_name="default",
        text_key="text",
        embedding_key="embedding",
        relevance_score_fn="cosine",
    )

    results = vectorstore.similarity_search_with_score("How do AI agents work?", k=2)
    # [0.8055] Agents use LLMs to decide what actions to take and which tools to call...
    # [0.7749] Vector search finds semantically similar documents using cosine simila...

What works out of the box:

Framework	How it connects	What it does
LangChain MongoDBAtlasVectorSearch	Standard PyMongo collection	$vectorSearch over the wire -- RAG retrieval, similarity search
LangChain MongoDBChatMessageHistory	Standard PyMongo collection	Persistent chat memory for agents and chains
CrewAI agent tools	PyMongo-based @tool functions	Agents query the embedded database with find(), aggregate()
mongosh	mongodb://localhost:27017	Interactive shell, ad-hoc queries
MongoDB Compass	mongodb://localhost:27017	Visual document browser, aggregation builder
Any PyMongo code	MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:...")	Existing MongoDB code works as-is

Why this matters for AI:

• $vectorSearch runs cosine/euclidean similarity in-memory via USearch (or NumPy fallback) -- no external vector database needed
• Local-first means zero network latency for RAG retrieval, chat memory, and agent tool calls
• Offline-capable -- the oplog accumulates mutations while disconnected; sync catches up when connectivity returns
• Free-threaded Python (3.13t) -- no GIL means concurrent request handling with true thread parallelism for mixed AI workloads

See the examples/ai_examples/ directory for complete working examples: vector search RAG, chat memory, LangChain integration, and CrewAI agent tools.

---

Architecture

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Your Application                     │
│              from smongo import MongoClient              │
└────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
                     │  URI routing
          ┌──────────┴──────────┐
          ▼                     ▼
   local://path          mongodb://host
          │                     │
   ┌──────┴──────┐       ┌─────┴─────┐
   │  Rust Engine│       │  PyMongo  │
   │ (_smongo_   │       │  Driver   │
   │   core)     │       └───────────┘
   │  ┌───────┐  │
   │  │ MQL   │  │  ◄── compile_query, apply_update (Rust)
   │  │Compiler│  │      $gt $lt $in $ne $or $and ...
   │  └───┬───┘  │
   │      │      │
   │  ┌───┴───┐  │
   │  │ Query │  │  ◄── RustQueryPlanner: prefix-scoring
   │  │Planner│  │      index scan / pk lookup / coll scan
   │  └───┬───┘  │
   │      │      │
   │  ┌───┴───┐  │
   │  │B-Tree │  │  ◄── smongo-engine indexes on redb
   │  │Indexes│  │      single, compound, unique, sparse, TTL
   │  └───┬───┘  │
   │      │      │
   │  ┌───┴───┐  │
   │  │ redb  │  │  ◄── Pure Rust storage (ACID, single-file)
   │  │ store │  │      key=_id, value=BSON (transactional)
   │  └───┬───┘  │
   │      │      │
   │  ┌───┴───┐  │       ┌──────────────┐
   │  │ Oplog │  │──────►│  SyncManager  │──► Atlas
   │  └───────┘  │       │  push / pull  │
   └─────────────┘       │  conflict res │
                         └──────────────┘

Rust-Powered Engine (Required)

The compiled Rust extension (_smongo_core) is required and provides all performance-critical paths via PyO3. MongoClient("local://...") uses RedbClient / RedbLocalClient and smongo-engine for storage, query compilation, expression evaluation, and updates:

• Storage engine -- RedbLocalClient, RedbLocalDB, RedbLocalCollection on smongo-engine with the redb backend. Every insert, find, update, delete, and index operation flows through Rust.
• B-Tree indexes & query planner -- same engine as Node (smongo-node): real indexes and plans on the embedded store.
• Streaming cursors -- lazy iteration over matching documents (engine-backed); hot paths avoid materializing full result sets.
• ACID transactions -- multi-document transactions use the engine session model (wire / API).
• BSON Serialization -- encode/decode documents using the Rust bson crate, eliminating Python tree walks (~60% of write time eliminated)
• MQL Query Compiler -- compile_query with all 18 query operators, compiled predicate evaluation
• Expression Engine -- resolve_expr with all 72 aggregation expression operators
• Update Engine -- apply_update with all 14 update operators, positional operators, and pipeline updates
• Aggregation Pipeline -- Full pipeline dispatch in Rust via aggregate_pipeline. All 27 stages run in smongo-engine with zero FFI round-trips per stage: $group (17 accumulators), $lookup (equality + sub-pipeline), $graphLookup, $facet, $out, $merge, $unionWith, $vectorSearch, and more. A single FFI crossing enters the engine; all stage execution stays in Rust.
• Wire protocol -- Tokio-based async TCP server (RustWireServer) with Rust command handlers for core commands; Python WireServer for the default loop. BSON handling, cursor registry, session management, and profiler integrate across both paths. find / aggregate delegate to the engine where applicable.
• Schema validation -- $jsonSchema document validation runs in Rust (rust/smongo-py/src/schema.rs). Supports required, properties, type/bsonType, numeric/string/array constraints, enum, pattern, additionalProperties, and nested objects with ReDoS-safe regex matching.

The Python modules that remain are high-level orchestration (aggregation Cursor for the Python API, SyncManager) that calls into the Rust storage layer. See BYE-BYE-GIL.md for the full story.

• Free-Threaded Python -- smongo supports Python 3.13+ free-threaded builds (python3.13t). The extension declares gil_used = false and uses PyOnceLock for deadlock-free initialization. All unsafe impl Send/Sync are backed by Rust-native locks, not the GIL. Under the free-threaded interpreter, the wire protocol server can handle concurrent connections with true thread parallelism.

---

Features

Storage -- redb + engine B-trees with streaming reads

Documents are stored as native BSON bytes in smongo-engine collections backed by redb on disk. Writes are ACID at the engine layer (data + indexes + oplog where enabled). The query planner accelerates reads and indexed writes (e.g. update/delete by _id or indexed fields) without scanning the whole collection.

Reads are lazy where possible. Collection.find() returns a chainable Cursor that pulls matches from the engine without building huge intermediate lists unnecessarily. Chained .limit(10) avoids pulling unbounded results. find_one() and count_documents() use planner-backed paths.

MQL Compiler

A Rust-accelerated compiler translates MongoDB query dictionaries into executable predicates. Supported query operators: $gt, $lt, $gte, $lte, $eq, $ne, $in, $nin, $exists, $regex, $not, $nor, $all, $elemMatch, $size, $type, $or, $and. Update operators: $set, $inc, $push, $unset, $addToSet, $pull, $pop, $min, $max, $rename, $currentDate, $mul. Dot-notation paths work everywhere ("address.city").

Aggregation Pipeline

Pipeline execution with 27 stages (all running in Rust via smongo-engine): $match, $group, $project, $sort, $limit, $skip, $unwind, $lookup, $graphLookup, $unionWith, $addFields/$set, $count, $replaceRoot/$replaceWith, $sample, $bucket, $bucketAuto, $sortByCount, $redact, $setWindowFields, $unset, $vectorSearch, $facet, $out, $merge. Memory-bounded with spill-to-disk for $sort and $group when allowDiskUse=True. Group accumulators: $sum, $avg, $min, $max, $push, $addToSet, $first, $last, $firstN, $lastN, $stdDevPop, $stdDevSamp, $mergeObjects, $top, $bottom, $topN, $bottomN.

$vectorSearch runs fully in memory with:

• USearch (usearch) for fast RAM-native vector indexing/search
• NumPy fallback when USearch is unavailable

$facet runs independent sub-pipelines against the same input. $out replaces a target collection's contents. $merge upserts into a target collection with whenMatched/whenNotMatched semantics.

Build analytics and similarity queries that run locally with no external vector DB.

B-Tree indexes & query planner

Create single-field, compound, unique, sparse, and TTL indexes backed by the engine’s index tables on redb. The query planner scores candidate indexes and picks the optimal execution path:

• Index Scan -- range or equality scan on the best-matching index
• PK Lookup -- O(log n) direct _id fetch
• Collection Scan -- fallback full-table scan

Sortable key encoding (IEEE 754 bit-flipping for numbers, hex inversion for descending fields) ensures correct lexicographic ordering across mixed types.

Oplog (Operations Log)

Every mutation (insert, update, delete, index create/drop) is append-logged to a dedicated per-collection oplog table in the engine with timestamps, version counters, and checksums. The oplog supports compaction (compact_oplog(keep=N)) to bound growth in long-running deployments, and auto-compacts after successful sync push cycles.

Bidirectional Sync

SyncManager syncs local state to any MongoDB-compatible remote:

• Push: tail the oplog, batch bulk_write to remote, auto-compact after checkpoint
• Pull: change streams (preferred) or timestamp-based polling, merge remote changes locally
• Index sync: index definitions flow both directions
• Conflict resolution: Last-Write-Wins, local-wins, remote-wins, field-level merge, or a custom callable
• Vector clocks: per-document causal ordering across replicas -- concurrent conflicts invoke the resolver, causal updates apply automatically
• Checkpointing: survives crashes and restarts via persisted sync checkpoint keys in the local store
• Auto-sync: background thread with configurable interval
• Hybrid mode: MongoClient("local://...", sync="mongodb+srv://...") auto-registers and starts sync
• Exponential backoff: on consecutive failures, backoff doubles up to 300s
• Sync metrics: status() returns pushed, pulled, conflicts, errors counters and a state field
• MQL sync rules: the same query language controls what syncs -- no separate DSL (see below)
• Node provenance: oplog entries record the node_id of the originating device

MQL Sync Rules

Sync rules use the same MQL you already know. No separate DSL, no translation layer -- one query language everywhere, including sync policy.

Variable substitution makes rules dynamic. Built-in variables are resolved fresh each sync cycle:

Variable	Value	Example
$$NOW	time.time() (epoch float)	Time-windowed sync
$$NODE_ID	Configured node_id	Device-scoped sync
$$<custom>	Any key from sync_config["variables"]	Region, tenant, etc.

Device-scoped sync -- each edge node syncs only its own data:

client = MongoClient("local://data", sync="mongodb+srv://...", sync_config={
    "node_id": "sensor-east-001",
    "sync_rules": {"device_id": "$$NODE_ID"},
})

Time-windowed sync -- only sync the last 7 days:

client = MongoClient("local://data", sync="mongodb+srv://...", sync_config={
    "sync_rules": {"_lastModified": {"$gt": "$$WINDOW_START"}},
    "variables": {"WINDOW_START": time.time() - 7 * 86400},
})

Combining rules with $and:

sync_config = {
    "node_id": "sensor-east-001",
    "sync_rules": {
        "$and": [
            {"device_id": "$$NODE_ID"},
            {"_lastModified": {"$gt": "$$WINDOW_START"}},
        ]
    },
    "variables": {"WINDOW_START": time.time() - 7 * 86400},
}

Per-collection filters also support variable substitution via collections:

sync_config = {
    "collections": {
        "iot.readings": {"device_id": "$$NODE_ID"},
        "iot.config": {},  # sync all config docs
    },
    "node_id": "sensor-east-001",
}

Local-first architecture

All reads and writes hit local redb (via smongo-engine) — zero network latency, works fully offline. The oplog accumulates mutations while disconnected; nothing is lost. When connectivity returns, the sync thread picks up from its last checkpoint and pushes/pulls everything that was missed. The wire protocol server means local clients (other apps, mongosh, Compass, LangChain) can connect over TCP without knowing it's not a "real" MongoDB.

Edge Computing

smongo turns any device into a MongoDB-compatible edge node. Each device runs its own embedded engine, writes locally at full speed, and syncs to a central Atlas cluster with MQL-scoped filters. The central hub aggregates data from the entire fleet; each device sees only its own data.

┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐     ┌─────────────┐
│ sensor-north │     │ sensor-south │     │ sensor-east  │
│  smongo +    │     │  smongo +    │     │  smongo +    │
│  redb local  │     │  redb local  │     │  redb local  │
└──────┬───────┘     └──────┬───────┘     └──────┬───────┘
       │  push/pull          │  push/pull          │  push/pull
       │  device_id=self     │  device_id=self     │  device_id=self
       └─────────┬───────────┴───────────┬─────────┘
                 ▼                       ▼
         ┌───────────────────────────────────┐
         │        MongoDB Atlas (central)     │
         │   All devices' data aggregated     │
         └───────────────────────────────────┘

for device in fleet:
    client = MongoClient(f"local://{device.data_dir}", sync=ATLAS_URI, sync_config={
        "node_id": device.id,
        "sync_rules": {"device_id": "$$NODE_ID"},
    })

See examples/patterns/edge_fleet_sync.py for a complete working example.

Wire Protocol Server

smongo speaks the real MongoDB binary protocol (OP_MSG, OP_COMPRESSED, OP_QUERY). Point mongosh, PyMongo, Compass, or any MongoDB driver at localhost:27017 and they'll talk to the embedded engine as if it were a real mongod. The Docker Compose setup exposes the wire server on port 27018 alongside the web dashboard -- docker compose up and connect Compass immediately. Small database, real protocol.

Interactive Web Dashboard

A full-featured GUI at localhost:5000 with:

Tab	What it does
Shell	mongosh-compatible terminal -- db.users.find({}), db.users.aggregate([...]), arrow-key history, execution timing
Documents	Browse, insert, delete docs in a rich table with formatted values
Find & Query	Clickable query chips, plan badges (INDEX SCAN / COLL SCAN / PK LOOKUP), timing
Aggregation	Visual pipeline builder with drag stages, pre-built example pipelines
Indexes	List, create, drop B-Tree indexes; index template chips; query plan tester
Sync	Live visualization of local <-> remote, push/pull controls, remote client simulator, conflict metrics
Oplog	Color-coded mutation log with timestamps and version numbers

---

Quick Start

Docker Compose (recommended)

docker compose up --build
# open http://localhost:5000         -- web dashboard
# Compass: mongodb://localhost:27018 -- wire protocol (browse with Compass)

This starts a MongoDB container (stands in for Atlas), the smongo dashboard, and a wire protocol server. Compass connects to localhost:27018 out of the box. Sample data is auto-seeded on first run: 10 employees, 5 indexes, everything synced. See SMONGO-COMPASS.md for the full Compass guide.

Standalone (no Docker, no network)

pip install -e ".[all]"       # installs smongo + builds the Rust extension via maturin
python demo.py

Runs the full embedded engine locally -- indexes, queries, aggregation, oplog -- no MongoDB server. The Rust extension is built automatically by the maturin build backend.

Development install: Run pip install / make install-dev from the repository root (next to pyproject.toml). That file pins [tool.maturin] — manifest-path = rust/smongo-py/Cargo.toml and module-name = smongo._smongo_core. Running maturin develop only inside rust/smongo-py/ can install an extension that does not match the editable smongo package, so you see missing methods on RedbLocalCollection and similar foot-guns. Use make install-dev, pip install -e ".[dev,all]", or make build-debug (rebuild extension only, still from root). For a release build of the extension: from root, python -m maturin develop --release --manifest-path rust/smongo-py/Cargo.toml.

One Python: make defaults to ./.venv/bin/python when that path exists, so pip install -e and maturin develop target the same interpreter. If PYTHON is unset and you have no .venv, it falls back to python3 on PATH. Creating a venv first (python3 -m venv .venv && make install-dev) avoids mixing pyenv/global installs with a project .venv.

---

Wire Protocol Server

smongo includes a wire protocol server so that real drivers can connect to the embedded engine over TCP.

# Start the server on the default port
python -m smongo.wire --port 27017

Then connect with any standard MongoDB client:

mongosh mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb

from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017")
db = client["mydb"]
db["things"].insert_one({"hello": "wire protocol"})

Or use the WireServer API directly in Python:

from smongo.wire import WireServer

with WireServer("./data", port=27017) as srv:
    input("Press Enter to stop...")

Security features (Rust wire server):

• TLS via rustls -- available when using the Rust-native RustWireServer
• SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication (RFC 7677) -- PBKDF2-hashed credentials persisted in the local engine (__users KV table)
• Auth gate enforces authentication on all commands (handshake commands exempted)

Note: TLS and SCRAM authentication are implemented in the Rust wire server (RustWireServer). The default Python WireServer provides plain TCP without auth. See WIRE-PROTOCOL.md for details on both server paths.

---

Project Structure

smongo/
  __init__.py        MongoClient, SyncManager, DuplicateKeyError,
                     InsertOne, UpdateOne, UpdateMany,
                     DeleteOne, DeleteMany, ReplaceOne, BulkWriteResult
  _smongo_core/      Compiled Rust extension (PyO3) -- the actual engine
  client.py          URI-based routing, bulk_write, find_one_and_* facade
  storage/           Storage layer (Python + Rust bridge)
    redb_engine.py     RedbClient / RedbCollection (default `local://`)
    collection.py      TTLReaper helper + shared constants (CRUD lives in `redb_engine.py`)
    locking.py         ReadWriteLock (Python fallback; runtime uses Rust)
    results.py         InsertResult, UpdateResult, DeleteResult
    streaming.py       StreamingCursor (Python API; engine-backed reads on redb)
    helpers.py         BSON encode/decode helpers
  query/             MQL compiler package (Rust-accelerated)
    compiler.py        compile_query, query operators
    update.py          apply_update, positional operators
    expressions.py     resolve_expr, 60+ expression operators
    paths.py           get_value, set_value, unset_value
  aggregation/       Pipeline engine package (25+ stages, Rust-accelerated)
    cursor.py          Cursor class (lazy Iterable input), aggregate dispatch
    stages.py          Core stages: $match, $group, $sort, etc.
    joins.py           $lookup, $graphLookup, $unionWith
    output.py          $facet, $out, $merge
    vector.py          $vectorSearch (NumPy / USearch)
  index.py           Index key encoding, helpers, DuplicateKeyError (engine-backed indexes on redb)
  oplog.py           Append-only operations log with compaction
  sync.py            Bidirectional sync with MQL rules, variable substitution, vector clocks
  objectid.py        MongoDB-style ObjectId implementation
  schema.py          $jsonSchema validation layer (delegates to Rust)
  wire/              MongoDB binary protocol server (OP_MSG, OP_COMPRESSED)
    commands/          ~77 Rust command handlers (Python fallback for extensions)
    sessions.py        Session registry
    transactions.py    Transaction state, undo journal
    profiler.py        Profiler, OpTracker, TopStats

rust/                Rust workspace
  smongo-engine/     Core engine: redb (native), Mem/OPFS (WASM), MQL, indexes, geo
  smongo-py/         PyO3 `_smongo_core`: RedbLocalClient, wire server, query, schema, wire_commands/
  smongo-node/       napi-rs bindings (same engine as Python local)
  smongo-c/          C API / cbindgen surface

web_app.py           Flask API + shell endpoint
templates/
  index.html         Single-page dashboard
static/              CSS, JS assets for dashboard

examples/
  basic/
    01_crud.py           Insert, find, update, delete, cursor chaining
    02_indexes.py        B-tree indexes, query planner, unique constraints
    03_aggregation.py    $group, $sort, $project, $unwind, $lookup, $facet
    04_streaming.py      Lazy reads: find_one, count, limit short-circuit
    05_schema_validation.py  $jsonSchema enforcement on insert and update
    06_bulk_write.py     Batch InsertOne, UpdateOne, ReplaceOne, DeleteOne
    07_change_streams.py Real-time watch() + raw oplog inspection
    08_advanced_queries.py $or, $regex, $elemMatch, dot-notation, $not, $all
    09_wire_protocol.py  Start wire server, connect with PyMongo over TCP
  ai_examples/
    01_vector_search_rag.py  $vectorSearch RAG pipeline over the wire protocol
    02_chat_memory.py        AI chat memory storage via standard PyMongo
    03_langchain_rag_chain.py Official LangChain MongoDBAtlasVectorSearch locally
    04_crewai_agent_tool.py  CrewAI agents querying smongo via PyMongo tools
  patterns/
    ecommerce.py         Shopping cart, orders, revenue analytics, dashboards
    iot_timeseries.py    1000+ sensor readings, anomaly detection, facility stats
    content_cms.py       Blog CMS: tagging, search, author leaderboard, facets
    edge_fleet_sync.py   Edge fleet: MQL sync rules, device scoping, time windows

demo.py              Standalone CLI demo (no Docker needed)
Dockerfile           Python 3.11 + Rust toolchain for the extension
docker-compose.yml   App + MongoDB for the full sync experience

---

Dev Commands

make install-dev    # editable smongo + dev/optional extras + Rust extension
make lint           # ruff checks
make format         # ruff formatter
make test           # unit suite (pytest default addopts)
make test-integration   # docker-backed integration suite
make test-perf      # benchmark suite
make coverage       # coverage report (70% enforced)
make typecheck      # mypy strict

---

The API

from smongo import MongoClient, InsertOne, UpdateOne, DeleteOne

client = MongoClient("local://data")
db = client["mydb"]
coll = db["things"]

# CRUD
coll.insert_one({"x": 1})
coll.insert_many([{"x": 2}, {"x": 3}])
coll.find({"x": {"$gt": 1}})
coll.find_one({"x": 2})
coll.update_one({"x": 1}, {"$set": {"x": 10}})
coll.update_many({}, {"$inc": {"x": 1}})
coll.delete_one({"x": 2})
coll.delete_many({"x": {"$lt": 5}})
coll.count_documents({"x": {"$gte": 1}})

# Atomic find-and-modify
coll.find_one_and_update({"x": 1}, {"$set": {"x": 10}}, return_document="after")
coll.find_one_and_replace({"x": 1}, {"x": 99, "replaced": True})
coll.find_one_and_delete({"x": 99})

# Bulk writes
coll.bulk_write([
    InsertOne({"x": 100}),
    UpdateOne({"x": 100}, {"$set": {"x": 200}}),
    DeleteOne({"x": 3}),
])

# Indexes
coll.create_index([("x", 1)])
coll.create_index("name", unique=True)
coll.create_index([("city", 1), ("age", -1)])
coll.list_indexes()
coll.drop_index("x_1")
coll.explain({"x": {"$gt": 5}})

# Aggregation
coll.aggregate([
    {"$match": {"status": "active"}},
    {"$group": {"_id": "$dept", "total": {"$sum": "$salary"}}},
    {"$sort": {"total": -1}},
    {"$limit": 10},
])

# $facet -- run parallel sub-pipelines
coll.aggregate([
    {"$facet": {
        "by_dept": [{"$group": {"_id": "$dept", "count": {"$sum": 1}}}],
        "top_5":   [{"$sort": {"salary": -1}}, {"$limit": 5}],
    }},
])

# $merge -- upsert results into another collection
coll.aggregate([
    {"$group": {"_id": "$dept", "avg_salary": {"$avg": "$salary"}}},
    {"$merge": {"into": "dept_stats", "on": "_id", "whenMatched": "replace"}},
])

# Transparent hybrid sync
hybrid = MongoClient("local://data", sync="mongodb+srv://user:[e-mail]")
hybrid.sync.status()   # includes pushed, pulled, conflicts, errors, state
hybrid.sync.sync_now()

---

License

See LICENSE.