A neuro-inspired memory architecture for AI agents — combines a Semantic Palace graph, capacity-bounded Working Memory, and asynchronous consolidation.
Project description
SMRITI Memory
A neuro-inspired long-term memory architecture for AI agents.
SMRITI combines a capacity-bounded Working Memory, a graph-based Semantic Palace, and asynchronous background consolidation to give LLM agents persistent, scalable memory — without blocking real-time interactions.
📄 Paper: SMRITI: A Scalable, Neuro-Inspired Architecture for Long-Term Event Memory in LLM Agents — Shivam Tyagi, 2025 — DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25477.82407
Architecture
┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│ Asynchronous Consolidation │
│ (8 Background Processes) │
│ • Chunking • Cross-Ref. │
│ • Conflict Res. • Skill Ext. │
│ • Forgetting • Spaced Rep. │
│ • Reflection • Defragment. │
└────────────────┬────────────────┘
│ background
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌───────────▼─────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ Input │──▶│ Attention │──▶│ Episode Buffer │──▶│ Semantic │
│ Text │ │ Gate │ │ (append-only log) │ │ Palace │
└──────────┘ │ (salience │ └─────────────────────┘ │ Graph │
│ filter) │ │ G=(V,E) │
└──────────┘ └────┬─────┘
│
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ │
│ Query │──▶│ Retrieval│──▶│ Working Memory │◀──────────┘
│ │ │ Engine │ │ (7 ± 2 slots) │
└──────────┘ │ Q(v) = │ └───────────────────┘
│ β₁cos + │
│ β₂decay+ │ ┌───────────────────┐
│ β₃freq + │──▶│ Meta-Memory │
│ β₄sal │ │ (confidence map) │
└──────────┘ └───────────────────┘
Core idea: Inspired by human Dual-Process Theory (Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow), SMRITI decouples memory operations into two pathways:
- System 1 (Fast & Heuristic): Real-time ingestion. Routes interactions to the short-term Episode Buffer in milliseconds without blocking the agent.
- System 2 (Slow & Analytical): Background consolidation. Uses LLM reasoning to chunk, organize, and abstract semantic knowledge asynchronously while the agent is idle.
Quick Start — Claude Code (MCP)
The fastest way to use SMRITI is as a persistent memory layer for Claude Code. One command, and your AI remembers you across every session.
Run the install script:
bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shivamtyagi18/smriti-memory/main/install_smriti_mcp.sh)
The script will:
- Create a dedicated venv at
~/.smriti/venv - Install
smriti-memoryinto it - Prompt for your LLM choice and API key
- Register the MCP server in
~/.claude.json - Optionally configure automatic memory hooks
Then restart Claude Code. Verify with /mcp — smriti should appear as connected.
Available tools (11):
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
smriti_encode |
Store information in long-term memory |
smriti_recall |
Retrieve memories by natural-language query |
smriti_get_context |
Inject working memory into the current prompt |
smriti_how_well_do_i_know |
Confidence check on a topic |
smriti_knowledge_gaps |
List topics SMRITI knows it doesn't know |
smriti_pin |
Mark a memory as permanent (never decayed) |
smriti_forget |
Archive a memory |
smriti_consolidate |
Run a consolidation cycle |
smriti_stats |
System-wide statistics |
smriti_get_suggestions |
Proactive insights from background consolidation |
smriti_open_ui |
Launch the visual Memory Browser in the default web browser |
LLM options — set during install or via environment variables:
| Model | Provider | Requires |
|---|---|---|
mistral (default) |
Local Ollama | ollama pull mistral |
claude-* |
Anthropic | SMRITI_LLM_API_KEY |
gpt-* |
OpenAI | SMRITI_LLM_API_KEY |
gemini* |
SMRITI_LLM_API_KEY |
Installation (Python Library)
pip install smriti-memory
With optional FAISS accelerated vector search:
pip install smriti-memory[faiss]
Or install from source:
git clone https://github.com/shivamtyagi18/smriti-memory.git
cd smriti-memory
pip install -e .
Prerequisites
SMRITI uses an LLM for reasoning tasks (consolidation, reflection, skill extraction). By default it connects to a local Ollama instance:
ollama pull mistral
Alternatively, you can use OpenAI, Anthropic, or Google Gemini — see Using Cloud LLM Providers below.
Using Cloud LLM Providers
SMRITI is provider-agnostic. Just change the llm_model and pass your API key:
from smriti import SMRITI, SmritiConfig
# ── OpenAI ──────────────────────────────────────────────
config = SmritiConfig(
llm_model="gpt-4o",
openai_api_key="sk-...",
)
# ── Anthropic ───────────────────────────────────────────
config = SmritiConfig(
llm_model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
anthropic_api_key="sk-ant-...",
)
# ── Google Gemini ───────────────────────────────────────
config = SmritiConfig(
llm_model="gemini-1.5-flash",
gemini_api_key="AIza...",
)
# ── Local Ollama (default) ──────────────────────────────
config = SmritiConfig(
llm_model="mistral", # or llama3, codellama, phi3, etc.
)
memory = SMRITI(config=config)
Routing is automatic based on the model name prefix: gpt-* → OpenAI, claude* → Anthropic, gemini* → Gemini, everything else → Ollama.
Quick Start
from smriti import SMRITI, SmritiConfig
# Initialize
config = SmritiConfig(
storage_path="./my_agent_memory",
llm_model="mistral",
)
memory = SMRITI(config=config)
# Encode information
memory.encode("User prefers Python for backend development.")
memory.encode("User is allergic to shellfish.", context="medical")
# Recall by natural-language query
results = memory.recall("What language does the user prefer?")
for mem in results:
print(f" [{mem.strength:.2f}] {mem.content}")
# Check what you know (and don't know)
confidence = memory.how_well_do_i_know("programming languages")
print(f"Confidence: {confidence.overall:.0%}")
# Run background consolidation
memory.consolidate()
# Persist to disk
memory.save()
Framework Integrations
SMRITI can be used natively inside standard agent frameworks.
LangChain
Use SmritiLangChainMemory to replace ConversationBufferMemory. This gives your agent the cost-savings of a capacity-bounded Working Memory while asynchronously archiving the conversation into the Semantic Palace.
from langchain.chains import ConversationChain
from smriti.integrations.langchain_memory import SmritiLangChainMemory
from smriti import SMRITI
# 1. Initialize SMRITI
smriti_engine = SMRITI(storage_path="./langchain_smriti_db")
# 2. Wrap it for LangChain
smriti_memory = SmritiLangChainMemory(smriti_client=smriti_engine, top_k=3)
# 3. Plug it into standard chains
conversation = ConversationChain(
llm=my_llm,
memory=smriti_memory,
)
conversation.predict(input="I prefer using PyTorch.")
See examples/langchain_agent.py or examples/quickstart.py for complete working code.
Claude Code (MCP Server)
See Quick Start — Claude Code (MCP) above for one-command setup.
Memory Browser UI
SMRITI ships with a native, zero-dependency visualizer for traversing the Semantic Palace graph.
smriti_ui --storage ~/.smriti/global --port 7799
Features:
- Zero dependencies: Built entirely with Python's standard
http.serverand D3.js — no Node.js/NPM needed. - Backwards Compatible: Instantly works with your existing
palace.jsoncreated by older versions of SMRITI. Just point--storageto your existing directory. - Interactive Graph: Navigate the Semantic Palace using a force-directed network view or clustered room topology.
- Searchable Dashboard: Instantly filter your stored knowledge by content, room, and system state.
- Real-time Statistics: Track average memory strength, composite salience, and architectural distribution.
(If using without pip installation, run python -m smriti_memcore.ui from the source root).
Key API
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
encode(content, context, source) |
Ingest new information through the Attention Gate |
recall(query, top_k) |
Retrieve relevant memories via graph traversal |
how_well_do_i_know(topic) |
Meta-memory confidence check |
consolidate(depth) |
Run background consolidation ("full", "light", "defer") |
save() |
Persist all state to disk |
pin(memory_id) |
Mark a memory as permanent |
forget(memory_id) |
Gracefully forget a memory (leaves a tombstone) |
stats() |
System-wide statistics |
Configuration
All parameters are optional and have sensible defaults:
from smriti import SmritiConfig
config = SmritiConfig(
# Working Memory
working_memory_slots=7, # Miller's Law: 7 ± 2
# Retrieval scoring weights
recency_weight=0.2,
relevance_weight=0.4,
strength_weight=0.2,
salience_weight=0.2,
# Forgetting
decay_rate=0.99, # per-day temporal decay
strength_hard_threshold=0.05, # below this → forget
# Palace graph
room_merge_threshold=0.85, # similarity to auto-merge rooms
# LLM provider (pick one)
llm_model="mistral", # Ollama (default)
# llm_model="gpt-4o", # OpenAI
# llm_model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",# Anthropic
# llm_model="gemini-1.5-flash", # Google
ollama_base_url="http://localhost:11434",
# Storage
storage_path="./smriti_data",
)
What's New in v1.0.0
- Consolidation robustness overhaul — fixed a critical bug where singleton episodes leaked in the buffer indefinitely, causing consolidation to report "no significant memories" even when important facts were present
- Smarter salience scoring — the heuristic scorer now differentiates content types (personal facts, knowledge updates, instructions) instead of scoring everything the same
- Better contradiction detection — Mistral no longer incorrectly discards memories that agree with existing ones
- Validated across 4 models — benchmarked with gpt-4o-mini, Mistral 7B, CodeLlama 7B, and Llama 3.2 3B
See CHANGELOG.md for full details.
Benchmarks
LoCoMo (Multi-System Comparison)
SMRITI was benchmarked against four baseline architectures on the LoCoMo long-sequence dataset (28 dialog turns, 15 evaluation questions, consolidation enabled):
| System | F1 Score | Latency | Tokens/Query | Consolidation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FullContext | 0.345 | 1147ms | 550 | — |
| MemGPT-style | 0.334 | 1397ms | 478 | — |
| NaiveRAG | 0.312 | 1387ms | 145 | — |
| SMRITI v2 | 0.279 | 1317ms | 146 | 41.2s (async) |
| Mem0-style | 0.235 | 1088ms | 106 | — |
Results with GPT-4o-mini. SMRITI consolidation runs asynchronously and does not block queries.
Local Model Comparison (v1.0.0)
All runs use the fixed consolidation pipeline with heuristic scoring:
| Model | F1 Score | Exact Match | Latency | Best Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CodeLlama 7B | 0.317 | 0.200 | 5634ms | Temporal (0.682) |
| Mistral 7B | 0.284 | 0.067 | 3181ms | Knowledge Update (0.516) |
| gpt-4o-mini | 0.262 | 0.000 | 1271ms | Single-hop (0.350) |
| Llama 3.2 3B | 0.184 | 0.067 | 1446ms | Multi-hop (0.134) |
Key finding: CodeLlama 7B outperforms all models on temporal reasoning (F1=0.682) and achieves the highest exact-match rate (20%). Mistral 7B remains the best all-rounder with strong knowledge-update handling.
LongMemEval (Long-Term Interactive Memory)
SMRITI integrates an evaluation harness for the LongMemEval benchmark to test retrieval over 50+ chat sessions:
| System Configuration | Exact Match Accuracy | Average Query Latency |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Full Context) | 100.0% | 11.98s |
| SMRITI Dual-Process | 80.0% | 0.98s |
SMRITI restricts the LLM context to the 5 most relevant memories, resulting in a >12× latency reduction compared to context-stuffing.
Vector Search Backend
SMRITI supports two vector search backends. FAISS is auto-detected when installed:
| Backend | 1K vectors | 10K vectors | 100K vectors | Memory (100K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NumPy | 22 µs | 179 µs | 2.75 ms | 146.5 MB |
| FAISS | 28 µs | 200 µs | 2.24 ms | 979 B |
At scale, FAISS is 1.2× faster with 150,000× less memory.
Reproducing Benchmarks
pip install -e ".[benchmarks]"
# Multi-system comparison (requires API key)
python benchmarks/run_benchmark.py --model gpt-4o-mini --systems smriti --consolidate --dataset locomo
# Local model comparison (requires Ollama)
python benchmarks/run_benchmark.py --model mistral --systems smriti --consolidate --dataset locomo
python benchmarks/run_benchmark.py --model codellama --systems smriti --consolidate --dataset locomo
# Vector backend comparison
python benchmarks/vector_benchmark.py
Project Structure
smriti-memory/
├── smriti/ # Core library
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── core.py # SMRITI orchestrator
│ ├── models.py # Data models & SmritiConfig
│ ├── palace.py # Semantic Palace graph
│ ├── episode_buffer.py # Append-only temporal log
│ ├── working_memory.py # Capacity-bounded priority queue
│ ├── attention_gate.py # Salience filter
│ ├── retrieval.py # Multi-factor retrieval engine
│ ├── consolidation.py # Async background processes
│ ├── meta_memory.py # Confidence mapping
│ ├── vector_store.py # Vector persistence
│ ├── llm_interface.py # Multi-provider LLM connector (Ollama/OpenAI/Anthropic/Gemini)
│ ├── metrics.py # Observability: counters, gauges, histograms, Prometheus export
│ └── integrations/ # Framework adapters
│ ├── langchain_memory.py # LangChain BaseMemory component
│ └── mcp_server.py # Claude Code MCP server (10 tools)
├── install_smriti_mcp.sh # One-command Claude Code setup
├── tests/ # 190 tests across 14 files
├── baselines/ # Baseline implementations for comparison
├── benchmarks/ # Benchmark harness & scripts
├── examples/ # Usage examples
├── paper/ # IEEE research paper (LaTeX + Markdown)
│ └── figures/ # Benchmark charts and UI diagrams
├── pyproject.toml
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── LICENSE
└── README.md
Citation
If you use SMRITI in your research, please cite:
@article{tyagi2025smriti,
title={SMRITI: A Scalable, Neuro-Inspired Architecture for Long-Term Event Memory in LLM Agents},
author={Tyagi, Shivam},
year={2025},
doi={10.13140/RG.2.2.25477.82407}
}
License
MIT — see LICENSE for details.
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