SNV annotation
Project description
snvannotators - SNV annotation
The package annotates SNVs.
Example
KRAS p.A18V
from pyoncokb.oncokbapi import OncokbApi
from snvannotators.cpraannotators.cpragrch37annotator import CpraGrch37Annotator
from snvannotators.snvannotation.snvannotationtodictconverter import SnvAnnotationToDictConverter
from snvmodels.cpra import Cpra
from tests.testconfig import TestConfig
# Create a Cpra object of a SNV
cpra = Cpra(chrom="chr12", pos=25398266, ref="G", alt="A")
# Get OncoKB API
config = TestConfig()
oncokb_auth = config.get_oncokb_authorization()
oncokb_api = OncokbApi(auth=oncokb_auth)
# Annotate
cpra_annotator = CpraGrch37Annotator(
cpra=cpra,
oncokb_api=oncokb_api,
alt_aln_method="splign",
tss_upstream_limit=20000,
uncertain=False,
promoter_tss_upstream_offset=1500,
)
snv_annotation = cpra_annotator.annotate()
snv_annotation is an object of SnvAnnotation class, which itself consists of objects of many other classes:
from pprint import pprint
pprint(snv_annotation.__annotations__)
{'hgvs_annotation': <class 'snvannotators.hgvsplus.annotators.hgvsannotation.HgvsAnnotation'>,
'indicator_query_resp': typing.Optional[pyoncokb.models.indicatorqueryresp.IndicatorQueryResp],
'knowledgebase_items': typing.Optional[typing.List[snvannotators.snvannotation.knowledgebaseitem.KnowledgebaseItem]],
'meta': typing.Any,
'myvariant_annotation': <class 'snvannotators.myvariant.annotation.myvariantannotation.MyvariantAnnotation'>,
'snv': typing.Union[snvmodels.spra.cspra.Cspra, snvmodels.cpra.cpra.Cpra, snvmodels.spra.spra.Spra, hgvs.sequencevariant.SequenceVariant, str],
'transcript_feature_range_annotations': typing.Optional[typing.List[transcriptfeatures.annotators.rangeannotators.transcriptfeaturerangeannotation.TranscriptFeatureRangeAnnotation]]}
Below shows the full data:
SnvAnnotationToDictConverter().convert(snv_annotation=snv_annotation)
{
"snv": {
"ac": "NC_000012.11",
"pos": 25398266,
"ref": "G",
"alt": "A",
"chrom": "chr12",
},
"hgvs_annotation": {
"hgvs_g": "NC_000012.11:g.25398266G>A",
"hgvs_g_normalized": "NC_000012.11:g.25398266G>A",
"hgvs_tp_annotations": [
{
"tx_ac": "NM_001369787.1",
"hgvs_t": "NM_001369787.1(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_001356716.1:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_033360.2",
"hgvs_t": "NM_033360.2(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_203524.1:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_001369786.1",
"hgvs_t": "NM_001369786.1(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_001356715.1:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_033360.3",
"hgvs_t": "NM_033360.3(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_203524.1:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_004985.4",
"hgvs_t": "NM_004985.4(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_004976.2:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_033360.4",
"hgvs_t": "NM_033360.4(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_203524.1:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_004985.5",
"hgvs_t": "NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_004976.2:p.Ala18Val",
},
{
"tx_ac": "NM_004985.3",
"hgvs_t": "NM_004985.3(KRAS):c.53C>T",
"hgvs_p": "NP_004976.2:p.Ala18Val",
},
],
},
"myvariant_annotation": {
"hgvs_chr": "chr12:g.25398266G>A",
"raw": {
"_id": "chr12:g.25398266G>A",
"_version": 2,
"cadd": {
"_license": "http://bit.ly/2TIuab9",
"alt": "A",
"anc": "G",
"annotype": "CodingTranscript",
"bstatistic": 696,
"chmm": {
"bivflnk": 0.0,
"enh": 0.0,
"enhbiv": 0.0,
"het": 0.0,
"quies": 0.079,
"reprpc": 0.0,
"reprpcwk": 0.0,
"tssa": 0.0,
"tssaflnk": 0.0,
"tssbiv": 0.0,
"tx": 0.189,
"txflnk": 0.0,
"txwk": 0.701,
"znfrpts": 0.0,
},
"chrom": 12,
"consdetail": "missense",
"consequence": "NON_SYNONYMOUS",
"consscore": 7,
"cpg": 0.04,
"dna": {
"helt": -1.75,
"mgw": -0.21,
"prot": 0.91,
"roll": -1.16,
},
"encode": {
"exp": 238.03,
"h3k27ac": 3.0,
"h3k4me1": 12.28,
"h3k4me3": 5.08,
"nucleo": 0.8,
},
"exon": "2/6",
"fitcons": 0.723164,
"gc": 0.37,
"gene": {
"ccds_id": "CCDS8703.1",
"cds": {
"cdna_pos": 117,
"cds_pos": 53,
"rel_cdna_pos": 0.1,
"rel_cds_pos": 0.09,
},
"feature_id": "ENST00000256078",
"gene_id": "ENSG00000133703",
"genename": "KRAS",
"prot": {
"domain": "ndomain",
"protpos": 18,
"rel_prot_pos": 0.1,
},
},
"gerp": {
"n": 5.68,
"rs": 662.8,
"rs_pval": 7.10496e-183,
"s": 5.68,
},
"grantham": 64,
"isderived": "TRUE",
"isknownvariant": "FALSE",
"istv": "FALSE",
"length": 0,
"mapability": {"20bp": 1, "35bp": 1},
"min_dist_tse": 11513,
"min_dist_tss": 5472,
"mutindex": 28,
"naa": "V",
"oaa": "A",
"phast_cons": {
"mammalian": 1.0,
"primate": 0.998,
"vertebrate": 1.0,
},
"phred": 32,
"phylop": {
"mammalian": 2.664,
"primate": 0.559,
"vertebrate": 5.859,
},
"polyphen": {"cat": "probably_damaging", "val": 0.985},
"pos": 25398266,
"rawscore": 6.801703,
"ref": "G",
"segway": "R4",
"sift": {"cat": "deleterious", "val": 0},
"type": "SNV",
},
"chrom": "12",
"clinvar": {
"_license": "http://bit.ly/2SQdcI0",
"allele_id": 1687832,
"alt": "A",
"chrom": "12",
"cytogenic": "12p12.1",
"gene": {"id": "3845", "symbol": "KRAS"},
"hg19": {"end": 25398266, "start": 25398266},
"hg38": {"end": 25245332, "start": 25245332},
"hgvs": {
"coding": [
"LRG_344t1:c.53C>T",
"LRG_344t2:c.53C>T",
"NM_001369786.1:c.53C>T",
"NM_001369787.1:c.53C>T",
"NM_004985.5:c.53C>T",
"NM_033360.4:c.53C>T",
],
"genomic": [
"LRG_344:g.10672C>T",
"NC_000012.11:g.25398266G>A",
"NC_000012.12:g.25245332G>A",
"NG_007524.2:g.10672C>T",
],
"protein": [
"LRG_344p1:p.Ala18Val",
"LRG_344p2:p.Ala18Val",
"NP_001356715.1:p.Ala18Val",
"NP_001356716.1:p.Ala18Val",
"NP_004976.2:p.Ala18Val",
"NP_203524.1:p.Ala18Val",
],
},
"rcv": {
"accession": "RCV002264903",
"clinical_significance": "Pathogenic",
"conditions": {
"identifiers": {
"medgen": "C1860991",
"mondo": "MONDO:0012371",
"omim": "609942",
"orphanet": "648",
},
"name": "Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3)",
"synonyms": ["KRAS gene related Noonan syndrome"],
},
"number_submitters": 1,
"origin": "de novo",
"preferred_name": "NM_004985.5(KRAS):c.53C>T (p.Ala18Val)",
"review_status": "criteria provided, single submitter",
},
"ref": "G",
"rsid": "rs2135806030",
"type": "single nucleotide variant",
"variant_id": 1695421,
},
"dbnsfp": {
"_license": "http://bit.ly/2VLnQBz",
"aa": {
"alt": "V",
"codon_degeneracy": [0, 0, 0, 0],
"codonpos": [2, 2, 2, 2],
"pos": [18, 18, 18, 18],
"ref": "A",
"refcodon": ["GCC", "GCC", "GCC", "GCC"],
},
"alphamissense": {
"pred": ["P", "P", "P", "P"],
"rankscore": 0.95577,
"score": [0.9951, 0.9862, 0.9951, 0.7008],
},
"alt": "A",
"ancestral_allele": "G",
"appris": ["alternative1", "principal4"],
"bayesdel": {
"add_af": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.91206,
"score": 0.42359,
},
"no_af": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.91097,
"score": 0.370681,
},
},
"bstatistic": {
"converted_rankscore": 0.57054,
"score": 707.0,
},
"chrom": "12",
"clinpred": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.81922,
"score": 0.991609394550323,
},
"clinvar": {
"clinvar_id": "1695421",
"clnsig": "Pathogenic",
"hgvs": "NC_000012.12:g.25245332G>A",
"medgen": "C1860991",
"omim": "609942",
"orphanet": "648",
"review": "criteria_provided,_single_submitter",
"trait": "Noonan_syndrome_3",
},
"dann": {"rankscore": 0.98518, "score": 0.999173161627483},
"deogen2": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.97794,
"score": 0.891291,
},
"eigen": {
"phred_coding": 14.91392,
"raw_coding": 1.03070516408223,
"raw_coding_rankscore": 0.96612,
},
"eigen-pc": {
"phred_coding": 17.52826,
"raw_coding": 0.97751439147273,
"raw_coding_rankscore": 0.98143,
},
"ensembl": {
"geneid": [
"ENSG00000133703",
"ENSG00000133703",
"ENSG00000133703",
"ENSG00000133703",
],
"proteinid": [
"ENSP00000308495",
"ENSP00000452512",
"ENSP00000256078",
"ENSP00000451856",
],
"transcriptid": [
"ENST00000311936",
"ENST00000557334",
"ENST00000256078",
"ENST00000556131",
],
},
"esm1b": {
"pred": ["D", "D"],
"rankscore": 0.98564,
"score": [-16.632, -16.115],
},
"eve": {
"class10_pred": "U",
"class20_pred": "U",
"class25_pred": "U",
"class30_pred": "U",
"class40_pred": "U",
"class50_pred": "U",
"class60_pred": "U",
"class70_pred": "U",
"class75_pred": "P",
"class80_pred": "P",
"class90_pred": "P",
"rankscore": 0.72008,
"score": 0.6483115419004939,
},
"fathmm": {
"converted_rankscore": 0.80387,
"pred": ["T", "T", "T", "T"],
"score": [-1.39, -0.53, -0.53, -0.53],
},
"fathmm-mkl": {
"coding_group": "AEFBI",
"coding_pred": "D",
"coding_rankscore": 0.88157,
"coding_score": 0.98885,
},
"fathmm-xf": {
"coding_pred": "D",
"coding_rankscore": 0.85047,
"coding_score": 0.902509,
},
"fitcons": {
"gm12878": {
"confidence_value": 0,
"rankscore": 0.81188,
"score": 0.709663,
},
"h1-hesc": {
"confidence_value": 0,
"rankscore": 0.96076,
"score": 0.743671,
},
"huvec": {
"confidence_value": 0,
"rankscore": 0.4955,
"score": 0.631631,
},
"integrated": {
"confidence_value": 0,
"rankscore": 0.92422,
"score": 0.732398,
},
},
"gencode_basic": ["Y", "Y", "Y", "Y"],
"genename": ["KRAS", "KRAS", "KRAS", "KRAS"],
"genocanyon": {"rankscore": 0.98316, "score": 1.0},
"gerp++": {"nr": 5.68, "rs": 5.68, "rs_rankscore": 0.88021},
"gmvp": {"rankscore": 0.96401, "score": 0.9641457346713307},
"hg18": {"end": 25289533, "start": 25289533},
"hg19": {"end": 25398266, "start": 25398266},
"hg38": {"end": 25245332, "start": 25245332},
"hgvsc": "c.53C>T",
"hgvsp": ["p.Ala18Val", "p.A18V"],
"interpro": {
"domain": [
"Small GTP-binding protein domain",
"Small GTP-binding protein domain",
]
},
"list-s2": {
"pred": ["D", "D", "D", "D"],
"rankscore": 0.94559,
"score": [0.979335, 0.981385, 0.979335, 0.984002],
},
"lrt": {
"converted_rankscore": 0.8433,
"omega": 0.0,
"pred": "D",
"score": 0.0,
},
"m-cap": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.88087,
"score": 0.227357,
},
"metalr": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.91865,
"score": 0.7611,
},
"metarnn": {
"pred": ["D", "D", "D", "D"],
"rankscore": 0.90261,
"score": [0.9089627, 0.9089627, 0.9089627, 0.9089627],
},
"metasvm": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.93471,
"score": 0.7239,
},
"mpc": {"rankscore": 0.985, "score": 2.6732094712},
"mutationassessor": {
"pred": ["M", "M"],
"rankscore": 0.76484,
"score": [2.615, 2.615],
},
"mutationtaster": {
"aae": ["A18V", "A18V", "A18V", "A18V"],
"converted_rankscore": 0.81001,
"model": [
"simple_aae",
"simple_aae",
"simple_aae",
"simple_aae",
],
"pred": ["D", "D", "D", "D"],
"score": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
},
"mutpred": {
"aa_change": ["A18V", "A18V", "A18V", "A18V"],
"accession": ["P01116", "P01116", "P01116", "P01116"],
"pred": [
{
"mechanism": "Gain of catalytic residue at S17",
"p_val": 0.0,
},
{
"mechanism": "Gain of catalytic residue at S17",
"p_val": 0.0,
},
{
"mechanism": "Gain of catalytic residue at S17",
"p_val": 0.0,
},
{
"mechanism": "Gain of catalytic residue at S17",
"p_val": 0.0,
},
],
"rankscore": 0.87821,
"score": [0.747, 0.747, 0.747, 0.747],
},
"mvp": {
"rankscore": 0.98622,
"score": [
0.986379006677,
0.986379006677,
0.986379006677,
0.986379006677,
],
},
"phastcons": {
"100way_vertebrate": {
"rankscore": 0.71638,
"score": 1.0,
},
"17way_primate": {"rankscore": 0.97212, "score": 1.0},
"470way_mammalian": {
"rankscore": 0.68203,
"score": 1.0,
},
},
"phylop": {
"100way_vertebrate": {
"rankscore": 0.99183,
"score": 9.985,
},
"17way_primate": {"rankscore": 0.53741, "score": 0.654},
"470way_mammalian": {
"rankscore": 0.98601,
"score": 11.872,
},
},
"polyphen2": {
"hdiv": {
"pred": ["D", "D"],
"rankscore": 0.90584,
"score": [0.999, 1.0],
},
"hvar": {
"pred": ["P", "D"],
"rankscore": 0.74104,
"score": [0.893, 0.978],
},
},
"primateai": {
"pred": "D",
"rankscore": 0.94572,
"score": 0.884602069855,
},
"provean": {
"converted_rankscore": 0.7224,
"pred": ["D", "D", "D", "D"],
"score": [-3.31, -3.84, -3.21, -3.81],
},
"ref": "G",
"reliability_index": 10,
"revel": {
"rankscore": 0.94989,
"score": [0.84, 0.84, 0.84, 0.84],
},
"rsid": "rs2135806030",
"sift": {
"converted_rankscore": 0.7849,
"pred": ["D", "D", "D", "D"],
"score": [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
},
"sift4g": {
"converted_rankscore": 0.83351,
"pred": ["D", "D", "D", "D"],
"score": [0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001],
},
"siphy_29way": {
"logodds_rankscore": 0.90353,
"logodds_score": 18.3719,
"pi": {"a": 0.0, "c": 0.0, "g": 1.0, "t": 0.0},
},
"tsl": [1, 5, 1, 1],
"uniprot": [
{"acc": "P01116-2", "entry": "RASK_HUMAN"},
{"acc": "G3V5T7", "entry": "G3V5T7_HUMAN"},
{"acc": "P01116", "entry": "RASK_HUMAN"},
{"acc": "G3V4K2", "entry": "G3V4K2_HUMAN"},
],
"varity": {
"er": {"rankscore": 0.99266, "score": 0.96570957},
"er_loo": {"rankscore": 0.99266, "score": 0.96570957},
"r": {"rankscore": 0.99706, "score": 0.98890454},
"r_loo": {"rankscore": 0.99706, "score": 0.98890454},
},
"vep_canonical": "YES",
"vest4": {
"rankscore": 0.93959,
"score": [0.906, 0.89, 0.934, 0.906],
},
},
"dbsnp": {
"_license": "http://bit.ly/2AqoLOc",
"alt": "A",
"chrom": "12",
"dbsnp_build": 156,
"gene": {
"geneid": 3845,
"is_pseudo": False,
"name": "KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase",
"rnas": [
{
"codon_aligned_transcript_change": {
"deleted_sequence": "GCC",
"inserted_sequence": "GCC",
"position": 228,
"seq_id": "NM_001369786.1",
},
"hgvs": "NM_001369786.1:c.53=",
"protein": {
"variant": {
"spdi": {
"deleted_sequence": "A",
"inserted_sequence": "A",
"position": 17,
"seq_id": "NP_001356715.1",
}
}
},
"protein_product": {"refseq": "NP_001356715.1"},
"refseq": "NM_001369786.1",
"so": [
{
"accession": "SO:0001580",
"name": "coding_sequence_variant",
}
],
},
{
"codon_aligned_transcript_change": {
"deleted_sequence": "GCC",
"inserted_sequence": "GCC",
"position": 228,
"seq_id": "NM_001369787.1",
},
"hgvs": "NM_001369787.1:c.53=",
"protein": {
"variant": {
"spdi": {
"deleted_sequence": "A",
"inserted_sequence": "A",
"position": 17,
"seq_id": "NP_001356716.1",
}
}
},
"protein_product": {"refseq": "NP_001356716.1"},
"refseq": "NM_001369787.1",
"so": [
{
"accession": "SO:0001580",
"name": "coding_sequence_variant",
}
],
},
{
"codon_aligned_transcript_change": {
"deleted_sequence": "GCC",
"inserted_sequence": "GCC",
"position": 241,
"seq_id": "NM_004985.5",
},
"hgvs": "NM_004985.5:c.53=",
"protein": {
"variant": {
"spdi": {
"deleted_sequence": "A",
"inserted_sequence": "A",
"position": 17,
"seq_id": "NP_004976.2",
}
}
},
"protein_product": {"refseq": "NP_004976.2"},
"refseq": "NM_004985.5",
"so": [
{
"accession": "SO:0001580",
"name": "coding_sequence_variant",
}
],
},
{
"codon_aligned_transcript_change": {
"deleted_sequence": "GCC",
"inserted_sequence": "GCC",
"position": 241,
"seq_id": "NM_033360.4",
},
"hgvs": "NM_033360.4:c.53=",
"protein": {
"variant": {
"spdi": {
"deleted_sequence": "A",
"inserted_sequence": "A",
"position": 17,
"seq_id": "NP_203524.1",
}
}
},
"protein_product": {"refseq": "NP_203524.1"},
"refseq": "NM_033360.4",
"so": [
{
"accession": "SO:0001580",
"name": "coding_sequence_variant",
}
],
},
{
"codon_aligned_transcript_change": {
"deleted_sequence": "GCC",
"inserted_sequence": "GCC",
"position": 228,
"seq_id": "XM_047428826.1",
},
"hgvs": "XM_047428826.1:c.53=",
"protein": {
"variant": {
"spdi": {
"deleted_sequence": "A",
"inserted_sequence": "A",
"position": 17,
"seq_id": "XP_047284782.1",
}
}
},
"protein_product": {"refseq": "XP_047284782.1"},
"refseq": "XM_047428826.1",
"so": [
{
"accession": "SO:0001580",
"name": "coding_sequence_variant",
}
],
},
],
"strand": "-",
"symbol": "KRAS",
},
"hg19": {"end": 25398266, "start": 25398266},
"ref": "G",
"rsid": "rs2135806030",
"vartype": "snv",
},
"hg19": {"end": 25398266, "start": 25398266},
"observed": True,
"snpeff": {
"_license": "http://bit.ly/2suyRKt",
"ann": [
{
"effect": "structural_interaction_variant",
"feature_id": "4L8G:A_18-A_146:NM_033360.3",
"feature_type": "interaction",
"gene_id": "KRAS",
"genename": "KRAS",
"hgvs_c": "c.53C>T",
"putative_impact": "HIGH",
"rank": "2",
"total": "6",
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{
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{
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],
},
"vcf": {"alt": "A", "position": "25398266", "ref": "G"},
},
},
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"data_version": "v4.22",
"diagnostic_implications": [
{
"abstracts": [],
"alterations": ["Oncogenic Mutations"],
"description": "",
"level_of_evidence": "LEVEL_Dx3",
"pmids": ["22237106"],
"tumor_type": {
"id": 857,
"code": "ETPLL",
"name": "Early T-Cell Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia",
"main_type": {
"id": None,
"name": "T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma",
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{
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"pmids": [
"10049057",
"23832011",
"25691160",
"26457647",
"12717436",
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"id": 692,
"code": "JMML",
"name": "Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia",
"main_type": {
"id": None,
"name": "Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms",
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},
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},
},
{
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"description": "",
"level_of_evidence": "LEVEL_Dx2",
"pmids": ["22934674", "23512829"],
"tumor_type": {
"id": 355,
"code": "MDS",
"name": "Myelodysplastic Syndromes",
"main_type": {
"id": None,
"name": "Myelodysplastic Syndromes",
"tumor_form": "LIQUID",
},
"tissue": "Myeloid",
"children": {},
"parent": "MNM",
"level": 3,
"tumor_form": "LIQUID",
},
},
],
"diagnostic_summary": "",
"gene_exist": True,
"gene_summary": "KRAS, a GTPase which functions as an upstream regulator of the MAPK pathway, is frequently mutated in various cancer types including lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers.",
"highest_diagnostic_implication_level": "LEVEL_Dx2",
"highest_fda_level": "LEVEL_Fda2",
"highest_prognostic_implication_level": None,
"highest_resistance_level": "LEVEL_R1",
"highest_sensitive_level": "LEVEL_2",
"hotspot": False,
"last_update": "02/24/2023",
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"citations": {
"abstracts": [],
"pmids": ["23319568", "26648538", "19490892", "25207766"],
},
"description": "The KRAS A18V mutation has not specifically been reviewed by the OncoKB team. However, the mutation effect description for KRAS A18D, an alternate allele of KRAS A18V, is: The KRAS A18D mutation is located in the catalytic G-domain of the protein. This mutation has been found in leukemia (PMID: 26648538, 23319568, 25207766). Expression of this mutation in a fibroblast cell line and in Ba/F3 cells demonstrated that it is activating, as measured by increased IL3-independent proliferation and colony-formation compared to wildtype (PMID: 19490892).",
"known_effect": "Likely Gain-of-function",
},
"oncogenic": "Likely Oncogenic",
"other_significant_resistance_levels": [],
"other_significant_sensitive_levels": [],
"prognostic_implications": [],
"prognostic_summary": "",
"query": {
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"alteration_type": None,
"consequence": "missense_variant",
"entrez_gene_id": 3845,
"hgvs": None,
"hugo_symbol": "KRAS",
"id": None,
"protein_end": 18,
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"reference_genome": "GRCh37",
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},
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{
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"alterations": ["Oncogenic Mutations"],
"approved_indications": [],
"description": "Cetuximab and panitumumab are anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies that are FDA-approved for patients with EGFR expressing, RAS-wildtype colorectal cancer. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring either exon 2 (e.g. G12, G13) or non-exon 2 (e.g Q61, K117, A146) KRAS mutations do not respond favorably to the anti-EGFR therapies cetuximab (PMID: 21228335, 20619739) or panitumumab (PMID: 18316791, 20921465, 24024839).",
"drugs": [
{
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],
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"code": "",
"name": "",
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"tumor_form": "SOLID",
},
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"parent": None,
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},
"level_excluded_cancer_types": [],
"pmids": [
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"21228335",
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"24024839",
"18316791",
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},
{
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"drugs": [
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"uuid": None,
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],
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"name": "",
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},
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