speedyfit 0.1.0

MC approach to fit photometric SEDs

Speedyfit

A python package to fit the photometric spectral energy distribution of stars. Uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to determine the errors on the derived parameters.

Speedyfit is a command line tool writen in Python 3 that allows you to search the most common online databases for photometric observations of your target, and fit theoretical atmosphere models to the obtained photometry. Speedyfit can deal with both single and binary stars, and allows for the inclusion of constraints from other sources, as for example the distance or reddening.

Installation

The installation of speedyfit requires two steps, installing the python package, and downloading the required atmosphere models. The speedyfit package can be installed with pip from the pypi repository as follows:

pip install speedyfit

The atmosphere models that speedyfit uses to fit the SEDs can be downloaded from:

http://www.astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de/~jorisvos/Speedyfit/modelgrids.tar.gz

Download them and unpack them in a directory of your choice. The last step is to store the path to the atmosphere models in an environment variable so that Speedyfit will know where to get them. In a bash shell this is done as follows:

export SPEEDYFIT_MODELS="<path to extracted atmosphere models>"

Where the path could be something like: '/home/user/speedyfit/modelgrids/'. To not always have to type this in the terminal when running Speedyfit, you can add it to your '.bashrc' file. To check that speedyfit can find all models run:

python -c "from speedyfit.model import check_grids; check_grids()"

Which if everything went well should give you the following output:

Checking which atmosphere models are available...
Checking for models in <path to extracted atmosphere models>
kurucz2
         raw: available
         integrated: available
munari
         raw: available
         integrated: available
tmap
         raw: available
         integrated: available
koester
         raw: available
         integrated: available
blackbody
         raw: available
         integrated: available

If you get an error like:

SPEEDYFIT_MODELS environmental variable not set. CAN NOT find models!
Please point the SPEEDYFIT_MODELS variable to the directory where you stored models. On bash use:
export SPEEDYFIT_MODELS='<path to extracted atmosphere models>'

Check that your "SPEEDYFIT_MODELS" variable is correctly set up. If you get "NOT FOUND" for any of the models, check that the "SPEEDYFIT_MODELS" variable points to the correct directory, and that the directory contains the extracted atmosphere models.

To uninstall Speedyfit, run:

pip uninstall speedyfit

Documentation

The detailed documentation is a work in progress.you can read the current version at: speedyfit.readthedocs.io

Searching for photometry

Speedyfit can automatically download photometry from several of the large surveys, and many smaller studies available on Vizier. By default only photometry from the following large and well calibrated surveys is obtained:

• Gaia DR2: https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/, Gaia collaboration et al. 2018, A&A
• Sky Mapper DR1: http://skymapper.anu.edu.au/, Wolf et al. 2018, PASA
• APASS DR9: https://www.aavso.org/apass, Henden et al. 2015, AAS
• 2MASS: https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/2mass.html, Skrutskie et al. 2006, AJ
• WISE: http://wise.ssl.berkeley.edu/, Cutri et al. 2012, yCat

You can download photometry for a given object as follows:

speedyfit <object_name> -empty single --phot

This will create a setup file called object_name_single.yaml where you can setup the fitting parameters and a photometry file called object_name.phot with the obtained photometry. The object name should be resolvable by simbad, or if that is not possible, a J-type coordinate. For example, to obtain photometry of the star 'EO Ceti' the following object names will work: 'EO Ceti', 'J012343.24-05 05 45.83' and 'J020.93019703-05.096064175' and any other alias that is recoginzed by simbad.

Fitting the SED

The the -empty command, a default setup file is created where you can define the parameters of your fit. A default yaml file for a single star fit looks as follows.

# photometry file with index to the columns containing the photbands, observations and errors
objectname: <objectname>
photometryfile: <photfilename>
photband_index: band 
obs_index: flux
err_index: eflux
# parameters to fit and the limits on them in same order as parameters
pnames: [teff, logg, rad, ebv]
limits:
- [20000, 60000]
- [5.80, 5.80]
- [0.01, 0.5]
- [0, 0.10]
# constraints on distance or other parameters if known
constraints: 
  parallax: [<plx>, <e_plx>]
# constraints on derived properties as mass, luminosity, luminosity ratio  if known
derived_limits: {}
# path to the model grids with integrated photometry
grids: 
- tmap
# setup for the MCMC algorithm
nwalkers: 100    # total number of walkers
nsteps: 1000     # steps taken by each walker (not including burn-in)
nrelax: 250      # burn-in steps taken by each walker
a: 10            # relative size of the steps taken
# set the percentiles for the error determination 
percentiles: [16, 50, 84] # 16 - 84 corresponds to 1 sigma
# output options
resultfile: <objectname>_results_single.csv   # filepath to write results
plot1:
 type: sed_fit
 result: pc
 path: <objectname>_sed_single.png
plot2:
 type: distribution
 show_best: true
 path: <objectname>_distribution_single.png
 parameters: ['teff', 'rad', 'L', 'ebv', 'd', 'mass']

In that file you can setup the photometry, the parameters and ranges to include in the fit, any constraints that are known, the setup of the MCMC algorithm and what output you like to have.

to run a fit:

speedyfit <object_name_setupfile.yaml>

constraints

Speedyfit allows you to add constraints on fitted parameters as the distance or redenning from other sources. As well as constraints on derived parameters as the mass or luminosity if those are known. The constraints with their errors will be propagated in the fit, and are included in the log likelyhood function in the MCMC algorithm. If photometry was obtained with speedyfit, the gaia distance will have been obtained automatically as well.

A typical use of constraints on fitted parameters as effective temperature and surface gravity is to use the SED to only determine the radius of the star is the atmospheric parameters are already obtained from for example as spectroscopic analysis.

Example usage

Lets try to fit the sdB+G type binary PG1104+243. We start with obtaining the photometry:

speedyfit PG1104+243 -empty binary --phot

The '-empty binary' option creates a default setup file for a binary fit, and the '--phot' option downloads photometry from the standard sources. This command will have created 2 files: 'PG1104+243_binary.yaml' and 'PG1104+243.phot'. Lets start with looking at the photometry file:

|      band |               meas |                 emeas |  unit |           distance |             bibcode |                   flux |                  eflux |
|   GAIA2.G |            11.2007 |                0.0012 |   mag |               1.05 | 2018A&A...616A...1G |  8.248395510256044e-14 |    9.1164636206566e-17 |
|  GAIA2.BP |            11.2266 |                0.0106 |   mag |               1.05 | 2018A&A...616A...1G | 1.3151989765830283e-13 |  1.284023604507669e-15 |
|  GAIA2.RP |            11.0464 |                0.0018 |   mag |               1.05 | 2018A&A...616A...1G | 5.0236794630799464e-14 |  8.328563599441116e-17 |
|   APASS.B | 11.359999656677246 |   0.04699999839067459 |   mag | 0.7320000000000001 | 2015AAS...22533616H |  1.785653711432151e-13 |   7.72984461564579e-15 |
|   APASS.V | 11.331999778747559 |  0.017999999225139618 |   mag | 0.7320000000000001 | 2015AAS...22533616H | 1.0751193682636523e-13 | 1.7823986812698607e-15 |
|   APASS.G | 11.210000038146973 |    0.0989999994635582 | ABmag | 0.7320000000000001 | 2015AAS...22533616H |  1.613585138824778e-13 | 1.4713051584537062e-14 |
|   APASS.R | 11.310999870300293 |  0.014000000432133675 | ABmag | 0.7320000000000001 | 2015AAS...22533616H |  8.454580460944508e-14 | 1.0901739261158757e-15 |
|   APASS.I | 11.350000381469727 |  0.027000000700354576 | ABmag | 0.7320000000000001 | 2015AAS...22533616H |  5.398668203455588e-14 | 1.3425364709722915e-15 |
|   2MASS.J | 10.767999649047852 |  0.026000000536441803 |   mag |              0.132 |                   - | 1.5039297610503095e-14 |  3.601443372959058e-16 |
|   2MASS.H | 10.520000457763672 |  0.027000000700354576 |   mag |              0.132 |                   - |  7.091360781455302e-15 | 1.7634739011803824e-16 |
|  2MASS.KS | 10.510000228881836 |  0.023000000044703484 |   mag |              0.132 |                   - |  2.674932088409217e-15 |  5.666518062432707e-17 |
|    SDSS.U |  11.87399959564209 | 0.0020000000949949026 |   mag |              0.354 |                   - | 1.6258783227745728e-13 | 2.9949786934881625e-16 |
|    SDSS.G | 11.284000396728516 | 0.0010000000474974513 |   mag |              0.354 |                   - | 1.5247601537219582e-13 | 1.4043560668439271e-16 |
|    SDSS.R | 11.440999984741211 | 0.0010000000474974513 |   mag |              0.354 |                   - |  7.587446336921016e-14 |  6.988296663640909e-17 |
|    SDSS.I | 11.449999809265137 | 0.0010000000474974513 |   mag |              0.354 |                   - |  5.095632528557113e-14 |  4.693251222769927e-17 |
|    SDSS.Z | 12.795999526977539 |  0.004999999888241291 |   mag |              0.354 |                   - | 1.0300768439060776e-14 |  4.743679064803486e-17 |
|   WISE.W1 | 10.456000328063965 |  0.023000000044703484 |   mag |              0.636 |                   - |  5.373832766226388e-16 | 1.1383810664301285e-17 |
|   WISE.W2 | 10.482999801635742 |  0.020999999716877937 |   mag |              0.636 |                   - | 1.5478084540820753e-16 | 2.9937269251093825e-18 |
|   WISE.W3 | 10.451000213623047 |   0.07800000160932541 |   mag |              0.636 |                   - | 4.3005202859946986e-18 | 3.0895220013709453e-19 |
|   WISE.W4 |  9.104000091552734 |                   nan |   mag |              0.636 |                   - | 1.1617863723639043e-18 | 2.1400895857990046e-20 |

We likely want to remove the SDSS photometry as it is not very reliable at the bright end, and the WISE.W4 band as it doesn't have an error. The WISE.W3 band does have an error stated but is very close to the detection limit, and likely not reliable. You can exclude photometry by commenting (with '#') the corresponding line in the photometry file, or by removing the point altogether.

An alternative way of selecting which photometry to include or exclude in a fit is by specifying the 'photband_include' and 'photband_exclude' options in the yaml setup file. The include option will only include the given photbands, while the exclude option will use all photometry except the given bands. You can specify a specific band like 'GAIA2.G' or the entire photometric system like 'GAIA2'. For example, the first line selects all GAIA and 2MASS bands together with WISE.W1, while the second line will select all photometry that was found except the WISE bands.

...
photband_include: [GAIA2, 2MASS, WISE.W1]
photband_exclude: [WISE]
...

In the 'PG1104+243_binary.yaml' we don't have to change anything as the default settings are good for this object, and the parallax was filled automatically. The defaults assume a cool companion for which Speedyfit will use the Kurucz model grid, and a hot component for which the TMAP grid is used. Also by default the logg is not fit, but fixed at reasonable values as an SED fit seldom can constrain logg.

Lets fit the SED:

speedyfit PG1104+243_binary.yaml

This will output:

Applied constraints: 
         distance = 274.02515550927575 - 6.17988937560995 + 6.17988937560995
100%|██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 750/750 [01:12<00:00, 10.29it/s]
================================================================================

Resulting parameter values and errors:
   Par             Best        Pc       emin       emax
   teff       =    6201      6134   -     74   +     60
   rad        =    0.89      0.90   -   0.02   +   0.02
   teff2      =   47542     37532   -   6553   +   5984
   rad2       =    0.12      0.13   -   0.01   +   0.03
   ebv        =   0.090     0.068   -  0.033   +  0.023
   mass       =    0.59      0.60   -   0.03   +   0.03
   mass2      =    0.31      0.38   -   0.08   +   0.21
   q          =   1.883     1.594   -  0.572   +  0.431
   lr         =   0.040     0.050   -  0.007   +  0.010
   rr         =   7.628     7.018   -  1.400   +  0.891
   d          =     273       275   -      6   +      7
   L          =    1.05      1.03   -   0.06   +   0.06
   L2         =   26.49     20.62   -   4.00   +   3.86
   scale      =   0.000     0.000   -  0.000   +  0.000
   chi2       =   8.411    13.424   -  2.532   +  4.364

And will produce a figure of the SED with the best fitting model, and a distribution of the parameters: