sshtunnel 0.1.4

Pure python SSH tunnels

Author: Pahaz Blinov

Repo: https://github.com/pahaz/sshtunnel/

Inspired by https://github.com/jmagnusson/bgtunnel, but it doesn’t work on Windows.

See also: https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/blob/master/demos/forward.py

Requirements

• paramiko

Installation

sshtunnel is on PyPI, so simply run:

pip install sshtunnel

or

easy_install sshtunnel

or

conda install -c conda-forge sshtunnel

to have it installed in your environment.

For installing from source, clone the repo and run:

python setup.py install

Testing the package

In order to run the tests you first need tox and run:

python setup.py test

Usage scenarios

One of the typical scenarios where sshtunnel is helpful is depicted in the figure below. User may need to connect a port of a remote server (i.e. 8080) where only SSH port (usually port 22) is reachable.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                            |
-------------+              |    +----------+
    LOCAL    |              |    |  REMOTE  | :22 SSH
    CLIENT   | <== SSH ========> |  SERVER  | :8080 web service
-------------+              |    +----------+
                            |
                         FIREWALL (only port 22 is open)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Fig1: How to connect to a service blocked by a firewall through SSH tunnel.

If allowed by the SSH server, it is also possible to reach a private server (from the perspective of REMOTE SERVER) not directly visible from the outside (LOCAL CLIENT’s perspective).

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                            |
-------------+              |    +----------+               +---------
    LOCAL    |              |    |  REMOTE  |               | PRIVATE
    CLIENT   | <== SSH ========> |  SERVER  | <== local ==> | SERVER
-------------+              |    +----------+               +---------
                            |
                         FIREWALL (only port 443 is open)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Fig2: How to connect to PRIVATE SERVER through SSH tunnel.

Usage examples

API allows either initializing the tunnel and starting it or using a with context, which will take care of starting and stopping the tunnel:

Example 1

Code corresponding to Fig1 above follows, given remote server’s address is pahaz.urfuclub.ru, password authentication and randomly assigned local bind port.

from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder

server = SSHTunnelForwarder(
    'pahaz.urfuclub.ru',
    ssh_username="pahaz",
    ssh_password="secret",
    remote_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 8080)
)

server.start()

print(server.local_bind_port)  # show assigned local port
# work with `SECRET SERVICE` through `server.local_bind_port`.

server.stop()

Example 2

Example of a port forwarding to a private server not directly reachable, assuming password protected pkey authentication, remote server’s SSH service is listening on port 443 and that port is open in the firewall (Fig2):

import paramiko
from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder

with SSHTunnelForwarder(
    (REMOTE_SERVER_IP, 443),
    ssh_username="",
    ssh_pkey="/var/ssh/rsa_key",
    ssh_private_key_password="secret",
    remote_bind_address=(PRIVATE_SERVER_IP, 22),
    local_bind_address=('0.0.0.0', 10022)
) as tunnel:
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.load_system_host_keys()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    client.connect('127.0.0.1', 10022)
    # do some operations with client session
    client.close()

print('FINISH!')

Example 3

Example of a port forwarding for the Vagrant MySQL local port:

from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder
from time import sleep

with SSHTunnelForwarder(
    ('localhost', 2222),
    ssh_username="vagrant",
    ssh_password="vagrant",
    remote_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 3306)
) as server:

    print(server.local_bind_port)
    while True:
        # press Ctrl-C for stopping
        sleep(1)

print('FINISH!')

Or simply using the CLI:

(bash)$ python -m sshtunnel -U vagrant -P vagrant -L :3306 -R 127.0.0.1:3306 -p 2222 localhost

CLI usage

$ sshtunnel --help
usage: sshtunnel [-h] [-U SSH_USERNAME] [-p SSH_PORT] [-P SSH_PASSWORD] -R
                 IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...] [-L [IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]]]
                 [-k SSH_HOST_KEY] [-K KEY_FILE] [-S KEY_PASSWORD] [-t] [-v]
                 [-V] [-x IP:PORT] [-c SSH_CONFIG_FILE] [-z] [-n] [-d [FOLDER [FOLDER ...]]]
                 ssh_address

Pure python ssh tunnel utils
Version 0.1.4

positional arguments:
  ssh_address           SSH server IP address (GW for SSH tunnels)
                        set with "-- ssh_address" if immediately after -R or -L

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -U SSH_USERNAME, --username SSH_USERNAME
                        SSH server account username
  -p SSH_PORT, --server_port SSH_PORT
                        SSH server TCP port (default: 22)
  -P SSH_PASSWORD, --password SSH_PASSWORD
                        SSH server account password
  -R IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...], --remote_bind_address IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]
                        Remote bind address sequence: ip_1:port_1 ip_2:port_2 ... ip_n:port_n
                        Equivalent to ssh -Lxxxx:IP_ADDRESS:PORT
                        If port is omitted, defaults to 22.
                        Example: -R 10.10.10.10: 10.10.10.10:5900
  -L [IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]], --local_bind_address [IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]]
                        Local bind address sequence: ip_1:port_1 ip_2:port_2 ... ip_n:port_n
                        Elements may also be valid UNIX socket domains:
                        /tmp/foo.sock /tmp/bar.sock ... /tmp/baz.sock
                        Equivalent to ssh -LPORT:xxxxxxxxx:xxxx, being the local IP address optional.
                        By default it will listen in all interfaces (0.0.0.0) and choose a random port.
                        Example: -L :40000
  -k SSH_HOST_KEY, --ssh_host_key SSH_HOST_KEY
                        Gateway's host key
  -K KEY_FILE, --private_key_file KEY_FILE
                        RSA/DSS/ECDSA private key file
  -S KEY_PASSWORD, --private_key_password KEY_PASSWORD
                        RSA/DSS/ECDSA private key password
  -t, --threaded        Allow concurrent connections to each tunnel
  -v, --verbose         Increase output verbosity (default: ERROR)
  -V, --version         Show version number and quit
  -x IP:PORT, --proxy IP:PORT
                        IP and port of SSH proxy to destination
  -c SSH_CONFIG_FILE, --config SSH_CONFIG_FILE
                        SSH configuration file, defaults to ~/.ssh/config
  -z, --compress        Request server for compression over SSH transport
  -n, --noagent         Disable looking for keys from an SSH agent
  -d [FOLDER [FOLDER ...]], --host_pkey_directories [FOLDER [FOLDER ...]]
                        List of directories where SSH pkeys (in the format `id_*`) may be found

Online documentation

Documentation may be found at readthedocs.

CONTRIBUTORS

• Cameron Maske

• Gustavo Machado

• Colin Jermain

• JM Fernández - (big thanks!)

• Lewis Thompson

• Erik Rogers

• Mart Sõmermaa

• Chronial

• Dan Harbin

• Ignacio Peluffo

• Niels Zeilemaker

CHANGELOG

• v.0.1.4 (Niels Zeilemaker)

  • Allow loading pkeys from ~/.ssh

• v.0.1.3 (Ignacio Peluffo and others)

  • pkey_file parameter updated to accept relative paths to user folder using ~

  • Several bugfixes

• v.0.1.2 (JM Fernández)

  • Fix #77

• v.0.1.1 (JM Fernández)

  • Fix #72

• v.0.1.0 (JM Fernández)

  • Add tunnel_bindings property

  • Several bugfixes (#49, #56, #57, #59, #60, #62, #64, #66, …) (Pahaz Blinov, JM Fernández)

  • Add TRACE logging level (JM Fernández)

  • Code and tests refactoring (JM Fernández)

  • Drop python3.2 support

• v.0.0.8 (JM Fernández)

  • Merge #31: Support Unix domain socket (local) forwarding (Dan Harbin)

  • Simplify API (JM Fernández)

  • Add sphinx-based documentation (JM Fernández)

  • Add allow_agent (fixes #36, #46) (JM Fernández)

  • Add compression (JM Fernández)

  • Add __str__ method (JM Fernández)

  • Add test functions (JM Fernández)

  • Fix default username when not provided and ssh_config file is skipped (JM Fernández)

  • Fix gateway IP unresolvable exception catching (JM Fernández)

  • Minor fixes (JM Fernández)

  • Add AppVeyor support (JM Fernández)

• v.0.0.7 (JM Fernández)

  • Tunnels can now be stopped and started safely (#41) (JM Fernández)

  • Add timeout to SSH gateway and keep-alive messages (#29) (JM Fernández)

  • Allow sending a pkey directly (#43) (Chronial)

  • Add -V CLI option to show current version (JM Fernández)

  • Add coverage (JM Fernández)

  • Refactoring (JM Fernández)

• v.0.0.6 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • add -S CLI options for ssh private key password support (Pahaz Blinov)

• v.0.0.5 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • add ssh_proxy argument, as well as ssh_config(5) ProxyCommand support (Lewis Thompson)

  • add some python 2.6 compatibility fixes (Mart Sõmermaa)

  • paramiko.transport inherits handlers of loggers passed to SSHTunnelForwarder (JM Fernández)

  • fix #34, #33, code style and docs (JM Fernández)

  • add tests (Pahaz Blinov)

  • add CI integration (Pahaz Blinov)

  • normal packaging (Pahaz Blinov)

  • disable check distenation socket connection by SSHTunnelForwarder.local_is_up (Pahaz Blinov) [changed default behavior]

  • use daemon mode = False in all threads by default; detail (Pahaz Blinov) [changed default behavior]

• v.0.0.4.4 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • fix issue #24 - hide ssh password in logs (Pahaz Blinov)

• v.0.0.4.3 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • fix default port issue #19 (Pahaz Blinov)

• v.0.0.4.2 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • fix Thread.daemon mode for Python < 3.3 #16, #21 (Lewis Thompson, Erik Rogers)

• v.0.0.4.1 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • fix CLI issues #13 (Pahaz Blinov)

• v.0.0.4 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • daemon mode by default for all threads (JM Fernández, Pahaz Blinov) - incompatible

  • move make_ssh_forward_server to SSHTunnelForwarder.make_ssh_forward_server (Pahaz Blinov, JM Fernández) - incompatible

  • move make_ssh_forward_handler to SSHTunnelForwarder.make_ssh_forward_handler_class (Pahaz Blinov, JM Fernández) - incompatible

  • rename open to open_tunnel (JM Fernández) - incompatible

  • add CLI interface (JM Fernández)

  • support opening several tunnels at once (JM Fernández)

  • improve stability and readability (JM Fernández, Pahaz Blinov)

  • improve logging (JM Fernández, Pahaz Blinov)

  • add raise_exception_if_any_forwarder_have_a_problem argument for opening several tunnels at once (Pahaz Blinov)

  • add ssh_config_file argument support (JM Fernández)

  • add Python 3 support (JM Fernández, Pahaz Blinov)

• v.0.0.3 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • add threaded option (Cameron Maske)

  • fix exception error message, correctly printing destination address (Gustavo Machado)

  • fix pip install failure (Colin Jermain, Pahaz Blinov)

• v.0.0.1 (Pahaz Blinov)

  • SSHTunnelForwarder class (Pahaz Blinov)

  • open function (Pahaz Blinov)