strands-acgs

Rule-based checks for the tool calls a Strands Agents agent makes, using the ACGS constitution engine from acgs-lite.

strands-acgs provides one class, ACGSIntervention, an InterventionHandler that implements before_tool_call. It returns the native intervention actions Proceed, Deny and Confirm, so denials and human review use the Strands intervention and interrupt system. It does not wrap the agent, the model, or the tools.

• Installation
• Usage
• How a tool call is evaluated
• Human review
• Custom constitutions
• Limitations
• Development
• License

Installation

pip install strands-acgs

Requires Python 3.10+, strands-agents>=1.43.0 (the first release with interventions) and acgs-lite>=3.0.1.

Usage

The example below runs offline. ScriptedModel stands in for an LLM; in real use, pass any Strands model provider instead, or omit model to use the default. The same file is in examples/quickstart.py and is executed by the test suite.

import json
from typing import Any

from strands import Agent, tool
from strands.models import Model

from strands_acgs import ACGSIntervention


@tool
def get_weather(city: str) -> str:
    """Return the weather for a city.

    Args:
        city: City name.
    """
    return f"Sunny in {city}"


@tool
def send_email(to: str, body: str) -> str:
    """Send an email.

    Args:
        to: Recipient.
        body: Message body.
    """
    return f"Email sent to {to}"


class ScriptedModel(Model):
    """Requests two tool calls on the first turn, then answers with text."""

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.turn = 0

    def update_config(self, **model_config: Any) -> None:
        pass

    def get_config(self) -> Any:
        return {}

    async def structured_output(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        raise NotImplementedError

    async def stream(self, messages: Any, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        self.turn += 1
        yield {"messageStart": {"role": "assistant"}}
        if self.turn > 1:
            yield {"contentBlockStart": {"start": {}}}
            yield {"contentBlockDelta": {"delta": {"text": "Done."}}}
            yield {"contentBlockStop": {}}
            yield {"messageStop": {"stopReason": "end_turn"}}
            return
        calls = [
            ("1", "get_weather", {"city": "Paris"}),
            ("2", "send_email", {"to": "ops@example.com", "body": "password: hunter2"}),
        ]
        for tool_use_id, name, tool_input in calls:
            yield {"contentBlockStart": {"start": {"toolUse": {"name": name, "toolUseId": tool_use_id}}}}
            yield {"contentBlockDelta": {"delta": {"toolUse": {"input": json.dumps(tool_input)}}}}
            yield {"contentBlockStop": {}}
        yield {"messageStop": {"stopReason": "tool_use"}}


agent = Agent(
    model=ScriptedModel(),
    tools=[get_weather, send_email],
    interventions=[ACGSIntervention()],
    callback_handler=None,
)

agent("Check the weather in Paris and email ops the password.")
for message in agent.messages:
    for block in message["content"]:
        if "toolResult" in block:
            result = block["toolResult"]
            print(f"{result['toolUseId']}: {result['status']}: {result['content'][0]['text']}")

Output:

1: success: Sunny in Paris
2: error: DENIED: Blocked by ACGS rule ACGS-006 (Agents must not expose sensitive data in responses).

The denied call never runs. Strands cancels it and returns an error tool result with the reason, so the model sees why the call was refused. Argument values are not included in the reason.

How a tool call is evaluated

1. event.tool_use["name"] and event.tool_use["input"] are rendered as text by format_tool_call:

   from strands_acgs import format_tool_call
   
   print(format_tool_call("update_config", {"service": "billing", "change": "disable\nlogging", "dryRun": False}))
   

   tool: update_config
   arguments:
   change: disable logging
   dryRun: false
   service: billing
   normalized: update config | dry run
   

   Each input leaf is one path: value line (nested values use a.b[0].c paths), so both argument names and values are visible to rules. Whitespace inside values is collapsed so phrases split across lines still match. Identifiers written in snake_case, kebab-case or camelCase (the tool name, argument names, and single-token string values) are repeated as plain words on the normalized: line, so the keyword skip audit also matches a tool called skip_audit. Nothing is truncated. Pass tool_call_formatter= to use a different representation.

2. The text is validated with acgs_lite.GovernanceEngine.validate against the constitution (Constitution.default() unless you pass one).

3. The result is mapped to an intervention action:

   ACGS outcome	Action
   No blocking rule matched (warn-only rules may match)	Proceed
   Only require_human_review / escalate_to_senior rules matched	Confirm (or Deny with on_review="deny")
   Any block, block_and_notify or halt_and_alert rule matched	Deny
   A rule ID not found in the constitution, or an invalid result without a rule	Deny
   Any exception while reading or evaluating the tool call	Deny (fail-closed)

   A matched blocking rule is never downgraded to review because a review rule matched as well. The handler's on_error is "deny", so an exception that escapes the handler is also turned into a denial by Strands.

ACGSIntervention.evaluate(tool_name, tool_input) returns the underlying GovernanceDecision (verdict, reason, rule_ids, warning_rule_ids, error) without running anything.

Human review

Rules whose workflow action is require_human_review or escalate_to_senior (in the default constitution: ACGS-002 and ACGS-005) produce Confirm. Strands then stops the invocation with stop_reason == "interrupt"; resume it with the human's answer:

result = agent("Turn off logging for the billing service")
if result.stop_reason == "interrupt":
    interrupt = result.interrupts[0]          # interrupt.name == "acgs-governance"
    print(interrupt.reason)                   # which rule asked for review
    answer = "yes"                            # collect this from a person
    result = agent([{"interruptResponse": {"interruptId": interrupt.id, "response": answer}}])

By default True, "y" and "yes" approve; anything else cancels the call. Pass confirm_evaluate= to change that, or on_review="deny" to deny review verdicts without asking.

Custom constitutions

from acgs_lite import Constitution, Rule, Severity, ViolationAction

from strands_acgs import ACGSIntervention

constitution = Constitution.from_rules(
    [
        Rule(id="NO-DESTRUCTIVE-SQL", text="No destructive SQL", severity=Severity.CRITICAL,
             keywords=["drop table", "truncate table"]),
        Rule(id="REFUND-REVIEW", text="Refunds need approval", severity=Severity.HIGH,
             keywords=["refund"], workflow_action=ViolationAction.REQUIRE_HUMAN_REVIEW),
    ],
    name="payments",
)
handler = ACGSIntervention(constitution=constitution, agent_id="payments-agent")

Constitution.from_yaml("rules.yaml") works as well. To register several handlers on one agent, give each a distinct name.

Limitations

• Constitution.default() focuses on governance integrity (self-approval, skipping audits, privilege escalation) and on secrets and personal data (password, api_key, sk-... and ghp_... tokens, US SSN patterns). It does not cover destructive operations such as rm -rf or DROP TABLE. Write rules for the tools you expose. tests/test_default_constitution.py lists what the default rules do and do not catch.
• Keyword rules in acgs-lite 3.0.1 match literal, case-insensitive substrings. They do not understand negation ("never share the password" matches password) and do not treat -, _ and spaces as equivalent (api-key does not match the keyword api_key).
• Because argument names are part of the evaluated text, a tool with a parameter named password is denied under the default constitution whenever it is called.
• Interventions run in registration order and see changes made by earlier Transform actions. Handlers or plain hooks that modify tool_use after this handler are not re-checked, so register ACGSIntervention after any handler that rewrites tool input.

Development

hatch run prepare      # format, lint, mypy --strict, tests with coverage (fails under 95%)
hatch run lint         # ruff check + format check
hatch run typecheck    # mypy --strict
hatch run cov          # pytest with coverage
hatch run min:test     # tests against strands-agents 1.43.0 and acgs-lite 3.0.1
pre-commit install     # format/lint/typecheck/test on commit, commitizen on commit messages

Commit messages follow Conventional Commits and are checked by commitizen.

License

strands-acgs is distributed under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license.