SVG path objects and parser

## svg.path

svg.path is a collection of objects that implement the different path commands in SVG, and a parser for SVG path definitions.

### Usage

There are four path segment objects, Line, Arc, CubicBezier and QuadraticBezier.There is also a Path object that acts as a collection of the path segment objects.

All coordinate values for these classes are given as complex values, where the .real part represents the X coordinate, and the .imag part representes the Y coordinate:

>>> from svg.path import Path, Move, Line, Arc, CubicBezier, QuadraticBezier, Close

All of these objects have a .point() function which will return the coordinates of a point on the path, where the point is given as a floating point value where 0.0 is the start of the path and 1.0 is the end.

You can calculate the length of a Path or it’s segments with the .length() function. For CubicBezier and Arc segments this is done by geometric approximation and for this reason may be very slow. You can make it faster by passing in an error option to the method. If you don’t pass in error, it defaults to 1e-12:

>>> CubicBezier(300+100j, 100+100j, 200+200j, 200+300j).length(error=1e-5)
297.2208145656899

CubicBezier and Arc also has a min_depth option that specifies the minimum recursion depth. This is set to 5 by default, resulting in using a minimum of 32 segments for the calculation. Setting it to 0 is a bad idea for CubicBeziers, as they may become approximated to a straight line.

Line.length() and QuadraticBezier.length() also takes these parameters, but they are ignored.

CubicBezier and QuadraticBezier also has is_smooth_from(previous) methods, that check if the segment is a “smooth” segment compared to the given segment.

There is also a parse_path() function that will take an SVG path definition and return a Path object:

>>> from svg.path import parse_path
>>> parse_path('M 100 100 L 300 100')
Path(Move(to=(100+100j)), Line(start=(100+100j), end=(300+100j)))

#### Classes

These are the SVG path segment classes. See the SVG specifications for more information on what each parameter means.

• Line(start, end)

• Arc(start, radius, rotation, arc, sweep, end)

• CubicBezier(start, control1, control2, end)

In addition to that, there is the Path class, which is instantiated with a sequence of path segments:

• Path(*segments)

The Path class is a mutable sequence, so it behaves like a list. You can add to it and replace path segments etc:

>>> path = Path(Move(200+100j), Line(200+100j,100+200j), Line(100+200j,300+100j))
>>> path[0] = Move(200+100j)
>>> del path[1]

The path object also has a d() method that will return the SVG representation of the Path segments:

>>> path.d()
'M 200,100 L 300,100 Q 200,200 200,300'

Note that there currently is no internal consistency checks when you manipulate lines this way. This path now has an internal representation that it’s different from it’s d() path. Notice how the Line() segment starts in a different location from where the Move() segments say. This may change in future releases, and the Path manipulation methods may be changed to ensure consistency.

>>> path
Path(Move(to=(200+100j)), Line(start=(100+200j), end=(300+100j)),
smooth=False))


#### Examples

This SVG path example draws a triangle:

>>> path1 = parse_path('M 100 100 L 300 100 L 200 300 z')

You can format SVG paths in many different ways, all valid paths should be accepted:

>>> path2 = parse_path('M100,100L300,100L200,300z')

And these paths should be equal:

>>> path1 == path2
True

You can also build a path from objects:

>>> path3 = Path(Line(100+100j,300+100j), Line(300+100j, 200+300j), Line(200+300j, 100+100j))

And it should again be equal to the first path:

>>> path1 == path2
True

Paths are mutable sequences, you can slice and append:

>>> path1.append(QuadraticBezier(300+100j, 200+200j, 200+300j))
>>> len(path1[2:]) == 3
True

Note that there is no protection against you creating paths that are invalid. You can for example have a Close command that doesn’t end at the path start:

>>> wrong = Path(Line(100+100j,200+100j), Close(200+300j, 0))

### Future features

• Reversing paths. They should then reasonably be drawn “backwards” meaning each path segment also needs to be reversed.

• Mathematical transformations might make sense.

• Verifying that paths are correct, or protection against creating incorrect paths.

This module is under a MIT License.

## Contributors

Lennart Regebro <regebro@gmail.com>, Original Author

Michiel Schallig suggested calculating length by recursive straight-line approximations, which enables you to choose between accuracy or speed. Steve Schwarz added an error argument to make that choice an argument.

ClayJarCom speeded up point() calculations for paths.

Thanks also to bug fixers Martin R, abcjjy, Daniel Stender, MTician, blokhin, Karthikeyan, jaraco and martinleopold.

Thanks to tatarize for help with investigating issues, and coming with much feedback and ideas.

Samuel Carlsson [vidstige] provided the tangent() functions.

Lucas Simon discovered and fixed that not all path segments preserved the relative setting when parsing.

## Changelog

### 6.2 (2022-06-17)

• Allow numbers with decimal point but no decimals, because other parsers do.

• Re-enabled the README.rst doctest, which got lost when switching to pytest

### 6.1 (2022-06-09)

• Not all path segments preserved the relative setting. [Lucas-C]

### 6.0 (2022-04-14)

• No functional changes from 6.0b1, only changes to tests.

### 6.0b1 (2022-04-02)

• Added new abstract base classes: PathSegment, and NonLinear. Also, Linear is now derived from PathSegment, and may become abstract in the future.

• CubicBezier and QuadraticBezier now has a “smooth” flag, that will be set when parsing if the SVG path had a smooth segment.

• A path element will now only be designated as a smooth segment if it has the smooth flag set. That means a path that is smooth but not parsed from smooth (S and T) segments will not be represented as smooth. The path segment must also be smooth, so if you parse a path with a smooth segment, and modify it so it isn’t smooth, it will not be represented as smooth, regardless of the flag.

• CubicBezier and QuadraticBezier now has a “set_smooth_from” flag, that will adjust the start point and first control point so that the curve is smooth. It also sets the smooth flag.

• Added support to preserve vertical/horizontal commands.

• Refactored the generation of SVG path texts, each segment now generates its own segment text, with a _d(self, previous) method.

### 5.1 (2022-03-23)

• Added SVG standard tests. [tatarize]

• Allow random characters to end parsing.

• #61: Fixed the length() calculations of nearly linear QuadradicBeziers. [tatarize, regebro]

### 5.0.1 (2022-03-21)

• Two new test files were omitted from the distributions.

### 5.0.0 (2022-03-21)

• Drop Python 2 support, also 3.4 to 3.6. New minimum Python version is 3.7.

• New parser that solves the issue with Arc flags and whitespace. See Issues #53 and #69.

• Fixed #60: Handle paths that are length 0 [Thanks to martinleopold and tatarize]

• New method on path objects: .tangent(point), which returns a vector that is the derivatative / tangent of the curve at that point. [vidstige]

• New graphical test. That test requires Pillow, so I stopped testing on PyPy, it got too complicated to support. But it still works on PyPy.

### 4.1 (2021-02-16)

• Use collections.abc for ABC import to add Python 3.9 compatibility.

### 4.0.2 (2019-11-04)

• A solution for the setup.cfg [Alex Grönholm]

### 4.0.1 (2019-11-03)

else:

raise

• The pure setup.cfg config didn’t work. All the tests pass fine, but when installing the package somewhere else, nothing gets installed. So I’m reverting that change for now.

### 4.0 (2019-11-02)

• Moved all the information from setup.py into setup.cfg.

• Added a Close() command which is different from a Line() command in no way at all, to simplify the handling of closepath commands and subpaths.

• Path()’s no longer have a closed attribute.

• Now fully supports the SVG 1.1 “F.6.2 Out-of-range parameters” list.

• Uses circular maths to calculate the length of circular arcs, more accurate and much faster.

### 3.1 (2019-10-25)

• The Move null command was not imported into __init__.py [blokhin]

• #41: Switched from pkg_resource-style namespace package for svg to a pkgutil style namespace package.

• A faster point() implementation for paths. [ClayJarCom]

• Dropped support for Python 2.6 and Python 3.3.

• Added support for Python 3.7 and 3.8.

### 3.0 (2018-08-14)

• Dropped support for Python 3.1 and 3.2. It still works, but it may stop. Added support for Python 3.6. Dropped support for Jython, it’s not supported by Travis, and hasn’t seen a release in over a year.

• #33: Move commands are now preserved when parsed.

• Subpaths are no longer merged even if they are joined.

• #30: Arcs where the endpoint is the same as the start point caused a crash. The SVG specs say that it instead should be the equavalent of skipping that section, which now is the case.

### 2.2 (2016-10-15)

• Don’t add a line when closing a path if it’s not needed.

### 2.1.1 (2016-02-28)

• #18: QuadraticBeziers could get a DivideByZero error under certain circumstances. [MTician]

• Accept an error parameter to Path.point() to be able to control error vs performance setting. [saschwarz]

• #25: Arc’s could create a MathDomain error under certain circumstances.

• #17: Set last_command always.

### 2.0.1 (2015-10-17)

• #20: The doctext for the closed() setter was incorrect.

• #19: Fixed so tests didn’t use relative paths. [danstender]

### 2.0 (2015-05-15)

• Nothing changed yet.

### 2.0b1 (2014-11-06)

• Added a Path.d() function to generate the Path’s d attribute.

• Path()’s now have a .closed property.

• Fixed the representation so it’s parseable.

• The calculations for CubicBezier and Arc segments are now recursive, and will end when a specific accuracy has been achieved. This is somewhat faster for Arcs and somewhat slower for CubicBezier. However, you can now specify an accuracy, so if you want faster but looser calculations, you can have that.

• ‘t’ segments (smooth, relative QuadraticBeziers) whose previous segment was not a QuadraticBezier would get an incorrect control point.

### 1.2 (2014-11-01)

• Solved issue #6: Z close path behavior. [abcjjy]

### 1.1 (2013-10-19)

• Floats with negative exponents work again.

• New tokenizer that is around 20 times faster.

### 1.0 (2013-05-28)

• Solved issue #2: Paths with negative values and no spaces didn’t work. [regebro]

### 1.0b1 (2013-02-03)

• Original release.

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