synnodb 0.1.4

Synthesizing Databases for your Workload

A drop-in replacement for DuckDB that transparently accelerates your SQL with auto-generated bespoke C++ engines - falling back to DuckDB for everything else, cross-checked for correctness.

🌐 Website  ·  📄 Paper  ·  📦 PyPI  ·  📓 Demo Notebook

Required Notice: Copyright 2026 SynnoDB

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SynnoDB grew out of the research project Bespoke-OLAP (paper): an LLM agent that synthesizes workload-specific, one-size-fits-one C++ query engines. SynnoDB packages that idea as a production-ready DuckDB drop-in.

Install from PyPI:

pip install synnodb              # the demo DuckDB drop-in router
pip install "synnodb[factory]"   # + the Bespoke-Agent factory that generates engines

New here? tutorials/gen_tpch_demo.ipynb runs the whole loop end to end - generate TPC-H data, build an engine, and drop it in against DuckDB. See Installation for the system libraries the generated engines compile against.

SYNNO_DATA_DIR must point at the data root (parquet, caches, logs); set it in the environment or .env.

Python API

from synnodb import SynnoDB

db = SynnoDB.in_memory(workload="tpch", model="anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6")

plan = db.createStoragePlan(queries="1")     # -> StoragePlan
print(plan.text)                             # the storage_plan.txt document
print(plan.path, plan.run_id)                # on disk + wandb provenance

impl = db.createBaseImpl(storage_plan=plan.text)  # pass the plan content (W&B-free)
print(impl.files["db_loader.cpp"])           # -> BaseImplementation (generated C++)

opt = db.runOptimLoop(base_impl=impl)        # -> OptimizedImplementation

Each stage returns a domain object (StoragePlan, BaseImplementation, OptimizedImplementation, MultiThreadedImplementation, CorrectnessReport) that carries the produced artifact and chains into the next stage. SynnoDB(...) takes enums or strings (db_storage="ssd"), alternative constructors (in_memory/on_ssd/for_tpch/for_ceb/from_env), and with_(...) for per-call overrides.

Running stages

Every stage is a method on SynnoDB; there are no per-stage scripts. Each call runs one stage to completion and returns an artifact that chains into the next. Stages chain in-process (pass the artifact) or across runs via the W&B run id (*_wandb_id=, requires wandb_entity/wandb_project on the producing run):

from synnodb import SynnoDB

db = SynnoDB.on_ssd(
    workload="tpch", queries="1-22", model="anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",
    notify=True, wandb_entity="my-entity",   # presence of entity/project enables W&B
)

plan = db.createStoragePlan()                          # -> StoragePlan
impl = db.createBaseImpl(storage_plan_wandb_id="8xn0t04p")   # or storage_plan=plan
opt  = db.runOptimLoop(base_impl_wandb_id="q45vm9fz")        # or base_impl=impl
mt   = db.addMultiThreading(optimized_wandb_id="0br4bjqb")   # or optimized=opt
rep  = db.checkSfCorrectness(source_wandb_id="0br4bjqb", target_sf=50)

The run output dir defaults to a local ./output; set workspace= (or SYNNO_WORKSPACE). Any RunConfig setting the typed config does not model can be forced through the extra_config={...} escape hatch.

Define your own conversation

The built-in stages are ordinary ConversationPlans; you can assemble and run your own conversation from the same primitives via run_synthesis, the single entry point every stage goes through:

from synnodb import (
    AssertCorrect, Benchmark, Compact, ConversationPlan, ConvContext,
    PerQueryLoop, PrepareFeatures, PromptStage, SynnoDB,
)

db = SynnoDB.in_memory(workload="tpch", queries="1,4,6")

def my_stages(ctx: ConvContext):
    return [
        AssertCorrect(),
        PromptStage(
            descriptor="inspect hot loops",
            get_prompt=lambda _exec_settings, _rt: (
                f"Profile {ctx.filenames.query_impl_path} and summarize the hot loops."),
            measure_performance_after_stage=False,
            auto_revert_on_regression=False,
        ),
        Compact(),
        PerQueryLoop(lambda qid, ctx: [
            PromptStage(
                descriptor=f"tune {qid}",
                # runtime and tracing data arrive exactly as in the built-in stages
                get_prompt_with_tracing=lambda _exec_settings, rt, trace: (
                    f"Query {qid} currently runs in {rt:.0f} ms.\n"
                    f"Trace:\n{trace}\nOptimize it."),
                max_turns=125,
                # defaults: measure after stage, auto-revert on regression
            ),
        ]),
        Benchmark(),
    ]

plan = ConversationPlan(
    name="myTuningPass",                    # run identity: naming, logging, caching
    prepare=PrepareFeatures(tracing=True),  # what the workspace must provide
    stages=my_stages,
)
result = db.run_synthesis(plan, start=base_impl)  # start: artifact | snapshot hash | None

• prepare states what the workspace must have (scaffold, tracing instrumentation, MT helpers, ...) as independent feature flags; the features actually applied are recorded in a git-tracked .synnodb_prepare.json inside every snapshot, so chained runs know what they start from.
• stages receives a ConvContext (queries, workspace filenames, run tool, lazy helpers like ctx.reference_plans(source="umbra")) and returns a flat list of stage items. PerQueryLoop runs one conversation branch per query, feeding each stage the freshly measured runtime and trace data.
• The returned artifact carries the final snapshot hash and the prepare record, so it chains into db.checkSfCorrectness(result, target_sf=100) or further custom plans with no extra ceremony.

Installation

SynnoDB is published on PyPI, so a single pip command pulls in every Python dependency - no need to manage them yourself:

pip install synnodb              # the DuckDB drop-in router / runtime
pip install "synnodb[factory]"   # + the LLM factory that generates engines

That is everything needed to import synnodb. Two things live outside the wheel:

1. System libraries

The generated engines are compiled C++ against Apache Arrow / Parquet, so a toolchain and the dev headers must be present. cloc is optional - the factory uses it to report generated-code size. On Debian/Ubuntu:

sudo apt install -y build-essential cloc                # C++ compiler (+ optional cloc)

# Apache Arrow + Parquet development libraries
wget https://packages.apache.org/artifactory/arrow/$(lsb_release --id --short | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')/apache-arrow-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb
sudo apt install -y -V ./apache-arrow-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y libarrow-dev libparquet-dev parquet-tools

(Linux x86-64, Python 3.13+.)

2. Configure environment

Create a .env in your working directory with the model credentials (and optional run tracking):

ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=...            # for the default anthropic/... models
# OPENROUTER_API_KEY=...         # for openrouter/... models
# LLM_API_BASE=http://host:PORT/v1   # a self-hosted, OpenAI-compatible endpoint
# WANDB_ENTITY=...  WANDB_PROJECT=... # optional Weights & Biases run tracking

Point SYNNO_DATA_DIR at the data root that holds the parquet, caches, and published engines. The CLI and API require it - export it, put it in .env, or pass data_dir=... to SynnoDB(...). The demo notebook is self-contained: it defaults to a project-local .synno_data/ when the variable is unset and generates its own TPC-H parquet, so there is nothing else to configure or download to run it.

Development

Building from a source checkout (for contributors) uses uv instead of pip - it manages the virtualenv and the optional-dependency extras:

curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh    # install uv
git clone https://github.com/JWehrstein/SynnoDB.git
cd SynnoDB
uv sync --extra factory --extra dev                # editable install: factory + test deps

The extras map to pyproject.toml: factory (the engine-generation stack plus the standalone dashboard's wandb), dev (pytest), notebook (Jupyter kernel + nbformat), and benchmark (the ClickHouse comparison). Install only what you need, e.g. uv sync for the runtime alone or uv sync --extra factory to generate engines. Still install the system libraries above. Run the test suite with .venv/bin/python -m pytest.

Inspect running engine processes

watch -n1 -d ./misc/get_db_procs.sh

Remote snapshot cache (optional)

To share snapshots across machines, set up a bare git repository and start a git daemon:

git init --bare synno_cache.git
touch synno_cache.git/git-daemon-export-ok

git daemon \
    --base-path=./ \
    --export-all \
    --enable=receive-pack \
    --reuseaddr \
    --verbose

The cache URL is git://<hostname>/synno_cache.git. Pass it via the .env file, or leave it unset to use only the local snapshot cache (with --disable_repo_sync).

Delete snapshot:

git -C /home/jwehrstein/bespoke_olap/output --git-dir=/home/jwehrstein/bespoke_olap/output/.git update-ref -d
      refs/snapshots/snapshot-<hash>