tenuo 0.1.0b22

Capability tokens for AI agents - Python SDK

Tenuo Python SDK

Capability tokens for AI agents

Status: v0.1 Beta - Core semantics are stable. See CHANGELOG.

Python bindings for Tenuo, providing cryptographically-enforced capability attenuation for AI agent workflows.

Installation

uv pip install tenuo                  # Core only
uv pip install "tenuo[openai]"        # + OpenAI Agents SDK
uv pip install "tenuo[google_adk]"    # + Google ADK
uv pip install "tenuo[a2a]"           # + Agent-to-Agent (inter-agent delegation)
uv pip install "tenuo[langchain]"     # + LangChain / LangGraph
uv pip install "tenuo[crewai]"        # + CrewAI
uv pip install "tenuo[fastapi]"       # + FastAPI
uv pip install "tenuo[mcp]"           # + official MCP SDK, client/server (Python ≥3.10)
uv pip install "tenuo[fastmcp]"       # + FastMCP (``TenuoMiddleware``, FastMCP servers)

Development

We recommend using uv for development. It manages Python versions and dependencies deterministically.

# Install uv
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

# Sync environment (creates .venv and installs dependencies)
uv sync --all-extras

You can still use standard pip if you prefer:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
uv pip install -e ".[dev]"

Quick Start

30-Second Demo (Copy-Paste)

from tenuo import configure, SigningKey, mint_sync, guard, Capability, Pattern

configure(issuer_key=SigningKey.generate(), dev_mode=True, audit_log=False)

@guard(tool="search")
def search(query: str) -> str:
    return f"Results for: {query}"

with mint_sync(Capability("search", query=Pattern("weather *"))):
    print(search(query="weather NYC"))   # OK: Results for: weather NYC
    print(search(query="stock prices"))  # Raises AuthorizationDenied

The Safe Path (Production Pattern)

In production, you receive warrants from an orchestrator and keep keys separate:

from tenuo import Warrant, SigningKey, Pattern

# In production: receive warrant as base64 string from orchestrator
# warrant = Warrant(received_warrant_string)

# For testing: create one yourself
key = SigningKey.generate()
warrant = (Warrant.mint_builder()
    .tool("search")
    .holder(key.public_key)
    .ttl(3600)
    .mint(key))

# Explicit key at call site - keys never in state
headers = warrant.headers(key, "search", {"query": "test"})

# Delegation with attenuation
worker_key = SigningKey.generate()
child = warrant.grant(
    to=worker_key.public_key,
    allow="search",
    query=Pattern("safe*"),
    ttl=300,
    key=key
)

BoundWarrant (For Repeated Operations)

When you need to make many calls with the same warrant+key:

from tenuo import Warrant, SigningKey

# Create a warrant (in production: Warrant(received_base64_string))
key = SigningKey.generate()
warrant = (Warrant.mint_builder()
    .tool("process")
    .holder(key.public_key)
    .ttl(3600)
    .mint(key))

# Bind key for repeated use
bound = warrant.bind(key)

items = ["item1", "item2", "item3"]
for item in items:
    headers = bound.headers("process", {"item": item})
    # Make API call with headers...

# Validate before use
result = bound.validate("process", {"item": "test"})
if result:
    print("Authorized!")

# Note: BoundWarrant is non-serializable (contains key)
# Use bound.warrant to get the plain Warrant for storage

Low-Level API (Full Control)

# ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
# │  CONTROL PLANE / ORCHESTRATOR                                   │
# │  Issues warrants to agents. Only needs agent's PUBLIC key.      │
# └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
from tenuo import SigningKey, Warrant, Pattern, Range, PublicKey

issuer_key = SigningKey.from_env("ISSUER_KEY")
agent_pubkey = PublicKey.from_env("AGENT_PUBKEY")  # From registration

warrant = (Warrant.mint_builder()
    .capability("manage_infrastructure",
        cluster=Pattern("staging-*"),
        replicas=Range.max_value(15))
    .holder(agent_pubkey)
    .ttl(3600)
    .mint(issuer_key))

# Send warrant to agent: send_to_agent(str(warrant))

# ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
# │  AGENT / WORKER                                                 │
# │  Receives warrant, uses own private key for Proof-of-Possession │
# └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
from tenuo import SigningKey, Warrant

agent_key = SigningKey.from_env("AGENT_KEY")  # Agent's private key (never shared)
warrant = Warrant(received_warrant_string)    # Deserialize from orchestrator

args = {"cluster": "staging-web", "replicas": 5}
pop_sig = warrant.sign(agent_key, "manage_infrastructure", args)
authorized = warrant.authorize(
    tool="manage_infrastructure",
    args=args,
    signature=bytes(pop_sig)
)

Key Management

Loading Keys

from tenuo import SigningKey

# From environment variable (auto-detects base64/hex)
key = SigningKey.from_env("TENUO_ROOT_KEY")

# From file (auto-detects format)
key = SigningKey.from_file("/run/secrets/tenuo-key")

# Generate new
key = SigningKey.generate()

Key Management

KeyRegistry (Thread-Safe Singleton)

LangGraph checkpoints state to databases. Private keys in state = private keys in your database. KeyRegistry solves this by keeping keys in memory while only string IDs flow through state.

from tenuo import KeyRegistry, SigningKey

registry = KeyRegistry.get_instance()

# At startup: register keys (keys stay in memory)
registry.register("worker", SigningKey.from_env("WORKER_KEY"))
registry.register("orchestrator", SigningKey.from_env("ORCH_KEY"))

# In your code: lookup by ID (ID is just a string, safe to checkpoint)
key = registry.get("worker")

# Multi-tenant: namespace keys per tenant
registry.register("api", tenant_a_key, namespace="tenant-a")
registry.register("api", tenant_b_key, namespace="tenant-b")
key = registry.get("api", namespace="tenant-a")

Use cases:

• LangGraph: Keys never in state, checkpointing-safe
• Multi-tenant SaaS: Isolate keys per tenant with namespaces
• Service mesh: Different keys per downstream service
• Key rotation: Register both current and previous keys

Keyring (For Key Rotation)

from tenuo import Keyring, SigningKey

keyring = Keyring(
    root=SigningKey.from_env("CURRENT_KEY"),
    previous=[SigningKey.from_env("OLD_KEY")]
)

# All public keys for verification (current + previous)
all_pubkeys = keyring.all_public_keys

FastAPI Integration

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from tenuo.fastapi import TenuoGuard, SecurityContext, configure_tenuo

app = FastAPI()
configure_tenuo(app, trusted_issuers=[issuer_pubkey])

@app.get("/search")
async def search(
    query: str,
    ctx: SecurityContext = Depends(TenuoGuard("search"))
):
    # ctx.warrant is verified
    # ctx.args contains extracted arguments
    return {"results": [...]}

LangChain Integration

from tenuo import Warrant, SigningKey
from tenuo.langchain import guard

# Create bound warrant
keypair = SigningKey.generate()  # In production: SigningKey.from_env("MY_KEY")
warrant = (Warrant.mint_builder()
    .tools(["search"])
    .mint(keypair))
bound = warrant.bind(keypair)

# Protect tools
from langchain_community.tools import DuckDuckGoSearchRun
protected_tools = guard([DuckDuckGoSearchRun()], bound)

# Use in agent
agent = create_openai_tools_agent(llm, protected_tools, prompt)

Using @guard Decorator

Protect your own functions with @guard. Authorization is evaluated at call time, not decoration time - the same function can have different permissions with different warrants:

from tenuo import guard

@guard(tool="read_file")
def read_file(path: str) -> str:
    return open(path).read()

# BoundWarrant as context manager - sets both warrant and key
bound = warrant.bind(keypair)
with bound:
    content = read_file("/tmp/test.txt")  # Authorized
    content = read_file("/etc/passwd")    # Blocked

# Different warrant, different permissions
with other_warrant.bind(keypair):
    content = read_file("/etc/passwd")    # Could be allowed if this warrant permits it

OpenAI Integration

Direct protection for OpenAI's Chat Completions and Responses APIs:

from tenuo.openai import GuardBuilder, Pattern, Subpath, UrlSafe, Shlex

# Tier 1: Guardrails (quick hardening)
client = (GuardBuilder(openai.OpenAI())
    .allow("read_file", path=Subpath("/data"))        # Path traversal protection
    .allow("fetch_url", url=UrlSafe())                # SSRF protection
    .allow("run_command", cmd=Shlex(allow=["ls"]))    # Shell injection protection
    .allow("send_email", to=Pattern("*@company.com"))
    .deny("delete_file")
    .build())

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4o",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Send email to [e-mail]"}],
    tools=[...]
)  # Blocked: to doesn't match *@company.com

Security Constraints

Constraint	Purpose	Example
Subpath(root)	Blocks path traversal attacks	Subpath("/data") blocks /data/../etc/passwd
UrlSafe()	Blocks SSRF (private IPs, metadata)	UrlSafe() blocks http://169.254.169.254/
Shlex(allow)	Blocks shell injection	Shlex(allow=["ls"]) blocks ls; rm -rf /
Pattern(glob)	Glob pattern matching	Pattern("*@company.com")
UrlPattern(url)	URL matching. Note: https://example.com/ (trailing slash) parses as Wildcard ("Any Path"). Use /* to restrict to root.	UrlPattern("https://*.example.com/*")

For Tier 2 (cryptographic authorization with warrants), see OpenAI Integration.

Google ADK Integration

Warrant-based tool protection for Google ADK agents:

from google.adk.agents import Agent
from tenuo.google_adk import GuardBuilder
from tenuo.constraints import Subpath, UrlSafe

guard = (GuardBuilder()
    .allow("read_file", path=Subpath("/data"))
    .allow("web_search", url=UrlSafe(allow_domains=["*.google.com"]))
    .build())

agent = Agent(
    name="assistant",
    tools=guard.filter_tools([read_file, web_search]),
    before_tool_callback=guard.before_tool,
)

For Tier 2 (warrant + PoP) and multi-agent scenarios, see Google ADK Integration.

CrewAI Integration

Capability-based authorization for CrewAI multi-agent crews:

from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew
from tenuo.crewai import GuardBuilder
from tenuo import Pattern, Subpath

guard = (GuardBuilder()
    .allow("search", query=Pattern("*"))
    .allow("write_file", path=Subpath("/workspace"))
    .build())

# Protect an entire crew
protected_crew = guard.protect(crew)
result = protected_crew.kickoff()

# Or use with Flows
from tenuo.crewai import guarded_tool

@guarded_tool(path=Subpath("/data"))
def read_file(path: str) -> str:
    return open(path).read()

For warrant-based delegation and per-agent constraints, see CrewAI Integration.

AutoGen Integration

(Requires Python ≥3.10)

Install dependencies:

uv pip install "tenuo[autogen]" "python-dotenv"

Demos:

• examples/autogen_demo_unprotected.py - agentic workflow with no protections
• examples/autogen_demo_protected_tools.py - guarded tools (URL allowlist + Subpath)
• examples/autogen_demo_protected_attenuation.py - per-agent attenuation + escalation block

Tip: these demos use python-dotenv to load OPENAI_API_KEY and set tool_choice="required" for deterministic tool calls.

A2A Integration (Multi-Agent)

Warrant-based authorization for agent-to-agent communication via automated CSR handshake:

from tenuo.a2a import A2AServerBuilder, A2AClient
from tenuo.constraints import UrlSafe

# Server: Define skills and decide what capabilities to grant
server = (A2AServerBuilder()
    .name("Research Agent")
    .url("https://research-agent.example.com")
    .key(my_public_key)
    .trust(orchestrator_key)
    .registration_handler(my_handler) # Enable CSR handshake
    .build())

@server.skill("search_papers", constraints={"sources": UrlSafe})
async def search_papers(query: str, sources: list[str]) -> list[dict]:
    return await do_search(query, sources)

# Client: Automatically fetch warrant and execute task
client = A2AClient("https://research-agent.example.com")
warrant = await client.request_warrant(signing_key=worker_key, capabilities={"search_papers": {}})
result = await client.send_task(
    skill="search_papers", 
    arguments={"query": "AI Agents"},
    warrant=warrant, 
    signing_key=worker_key
)

See A2A Integration for full documentation.

LangGraph Integration

from tenuo import KeyRegistry
from tenuo.langgraph import guard_node, TenuoToolNode, load_tenuo_keys

# Load keys from TENUO_KEY_* environment variables
load_tenuo_keys()

# Wrap pure nodes
def my_agent(state):
    return {"messages": [...]}

graph.add_node("agent", guard_node(my_agent, key_id="worker"))
graph.add_node("tools", TenuoToolNode([search, calculator]))

# Run with warrant in state (str() returns base64)
state = {"warrant": str(warrant), "messages": [...]}
config = {"configurable": {"tenuo_key_id": "worker"}}
result = graph.invoke(state, config=config)

Conditional Logic Based on Permissions

Use @tenuo_node when your node needs to check what the warrant allows:

from tenuo.langgraph import tenuo_node
from tenuo import BoundWarrant

@tenuo_node
def smart_router(state, bound_warrant: BoundWarrant):
    # Route based on what the warrant permits
    if bound_warrant.allows("search"):
        return {"next": "researcher"}
    return {"next": "fallback"}

Audit Logging

Tenuo logs all authorization events as JSON for observability:

{"event_type": "authorization_success", "tool": "search", "action": "authorized", ...}
{"event_type": "authorization_failure", "tool": "delete", "error_code": "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION", ...}

To suppress logs (for testing/demos):

configure(issuer_key=key, dev_mode=True, audit_log=False)

Or configure the audit logger directly:

from tenuo.audit import audit_logger
audit_logger.configure(enabled=False)  # Disable
audit_logger.configure(use_python_logging=True, logger_name="tenuo")  # Use Python logging

Debugging

why_denied() - Understand Failures

result = warrant.why_denied("read_file", {"path": "/etc/passwd"})
if result.denied:
    print(f"Code: {result.deny_code}")
    print(f"Field: {result.field}")
    print(f"Suggestion: {result.suggestion}")

diagnose() - Inspect Warrants

from tenuo import diagnose

diagnose(warrant)
# Prints: ID, TTL, constraints, tools, etc.

Convenience Properties

# Time remaining
warrant.ttl_remaining  # timedelta
warrant.ttl            # alias for ttl_remaining

# Status
warrant.is_expired     # bool
warrant.is_terminal    # bool (can't delegate further)

# Human-readable
warrant.capabilities   # dict of tool -> constraints

MCP Integration

(Requires Python ≥3.10)

Client — connect to any MCP server with automatic warrant injection:

from tenuo.mcp import SecureMCPClient

# Stdio (local subprocess)
async with SecureMCPClient("python", ["server.py"]) as client:
    async with mint(Capability("read_file", path=Subpath("/data"))):
        result = await client.tools["read_file"](path="/data/file.txt")

# SSE or StreamableHTTP (remote server)
async with SecureMCPClient(
    url="https://mcp.example.com/mcp",
    transport="http",          # or "sse"
    inject_warrant=True,       # send warrant via params._meta.tenuo
) as client:
    ...

Server — verify warrants inside MCP tool handlers:

from tenuo import Authorizer, PublicKey, CompiledMcpConfig, McpConfig
from tenuo.mcp import MCPVerifier

verifier = MCPVerifier(
    authorizer=Authorizer(trusted_roots=[PublicKey.from_bytes(root_pub)]),
    config=CompiledMcpConfig.compile(McpConfig.from_file("mcp-config.yaml")),
)

@mcp.tool()
async def read_file(path: str, **kwargs) -> str:
    clean = verifier.verify_or_raise("read_file", {"path": path, **kwargs})
    return open(clean["path"]).read()

Guard-protected tools return JSON-RPC error -32002 when approval is required. See examples/mcp/ for complete examples.

Security Considerations

BoundWarrant Serialization

BoundWarrant contains a private key and cannot be serialized:

bound = warrant.bind(key)

# This raises TypeError - BoundWarrant contains private key
pickle.dumps(bound)
json.dumps(bound)

# Extract warrant for storage (str() returns base64)
state["warrant"] = str(bound.warrant)
# Reconstruct later with Warrant(string)

allows() vs validate()

# allows() = Logic Check (Math only)
# Good for UI logic, conditional routing, fail-fast
if bound.allows("delete"):
    show_delete_button()

if bound.allows("delete", {"target": "users"}):
    print("Deletion would be permitted by constraints")

# validate() = Full Security Check (Math + Crypto)
# Proves you hold the key and validates the PoP signature
result = bound.validate("delete", {"target": "users"})
if result:
    delete_database()
else:
    print(f"Failed: {result.reason}")

Error Details Not Exposed

Authorization errors are opaque by default:

# Client sees: "Authorization denied (ref: abc123)"
# Logs show: "[abc123] Constraint failed: path=/etc/passwd, expected=Pattern(/data/*)"

Closed-World Constraints

Once you add any constraint, unknown arguments are rejected:

# 'timeout' is unknown - blocked by closed-world policy
.capability("api_call", url=UrlSafe(allow_domains=["api.example.com"]))

# Use Wildcard() for specific fields you want to allow
.capability("api_call", url=UrlSafe(allow_domains=["api.example.com"]), timeout=Wildcard())

# Or opt out of closed-world entirely
.capability("api_call", url=UrlSafe(allow_domains=["api.example.com"]), _allow_unknown=True)

Examples

# Basic usage
python examples/basic_usage.py

# FastAPI integration
python examples/fastapi_integration.py

# LangGraph protected
python examples/langchain/langgraph_protected.py

# MCP integration
python examples/mcp/mcp_client_demo.py

Documentation

• Quickstart - Get running in 5 minutes
• OpenAI - Direct API protection with streaming defense
• Google ADK - ADK agent tool protection
• AutoGen - AgentChat tool protection
• A2A - Inter-agent delegation with warrants
• FastAPI - Zero-boilerplate API protection
• LangChain - Tool protection
• LangGraph - Multi-agent security
• CrewAI - Multi-agent crew protection
• Security - Threat model, best practices
• API Reference - Full SDK docs

License

MIT OR Apache-2.0