Termux-Train (v2.0.0)

Unified Multimodal On-Device Deep Learning & LoRA Training Framework for Android Termux with 6-Modality Adapters (LLM, Diffusion, VLM, STT, TTS, BitNet), GPU Slicing, and 44GB Disaggregated Cluster Virtual RAM Pooling

Executive Summary & Architecture Overview

Termux-Train v2.0.0 is an industrial-grade, zero-dependency deep learning framework engineered specifically for constrained ARM64 Bionic environments (Android Termux, mobile Linux, embedded edge devices). By combining a C-vectorized Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) Autograd runtime with mobile hardware acceleration (Vulkan Compute, OpenCL, ARM64 NEON), Termux-Train enables full backward gradient propagation, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (LoRA / DoRA), and reinforcement learning directly on mobile devices.

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                        TERMUX-TRAIN v2.0.0                                        |
|                           Unified Multimodal On-Device Deep Learning Engine                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                                                  |
        +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
        |                                                                                   |
        v                                                                                   v
+-------------------------------+                                           +-------------------------------+
|     6-Modality Adapters       |                                           |     Memory & Scaling Subsys   |
|  - LLM / DoRA / TinyLM        |                                           |  - Single-Device GPU Slicing  |
|  - Image Diffusion LoRA       |                                           |    * Vocab Slicing            |
|  - Vision Multimodal (VLM)    |                                           |    * Chunked Layer Dispatch   |
|  - Whisper STT Acoustic LoRA  |                                           |    * Layer Streaming          |
|  - Speech TTS Style LoRA      |                                           |  - 44GB Cluster Virtual RAM   |
|  - BitNet 1.58-bit Ternary    |                                           |  - 300MB Guard-Band Memory    |
+-------------------------------+                                           +-------------------------------+
        |                                                                                   |
        +-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
                                                  |
                                                  v
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                             Target-Aware Runtime Export & Compatibility                           |
|    ComfyUI / Diffusers   |   llama.cpp / GGUF   |   termux-vision   |   termux-stt   |   BitNet  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Core Architectural Pillars

1. Zero External Heavy Dependencies: Executes autonomously without PyTorch, LibTorch, CMake, or heavy BLAS runtimes. Pure Python DAG autograd paired with optional C-accelerator ABI (libtermux_train_accel.so) or Vulkan compute shaders.
2. 6-Modality Target-Aware Adapters: Generates standard SafeTensors weights and companion _config.json manifests natively recognized by major desktop and mobile inference runtimes without conversion tooling.
3. Single-Device GPU Slicing: Bypasses mobile Unified Memory Architecture (UMA) spikes and watchdog timeouts on ARM Mali and Qualcomm Adreno GPUs through granular vocabulary chunking and layer streaming.
4. 44GB Disaggregated Cluster Virtual RAM Pooling: Binds physical memory across heterogeneous mobile nodes (e.g., Galaxy S25, S21, S20, A53, A35) into an aggregated pipeline training session protected by a 300MB memory Guard-Band against the Android Low Memory Killer (LMK).
5. 100% Dual-Engine Parity: Complete feature and interface symmetry across Python CLI (termux-train), Node.js Global CLI (termux-train), Python Library (import termux_train), and Node.js SDK (import { ... } from 'termux-train').

Installation

1. Via Python Package Index (PyPI)

pip install termux-train

2. Via Node Package Manager (npm)

npm install -g termux-train

3. Standalone Bootstrap Script (Termux One-Liner)

pkg update && pkg install -y python nodejs clang
bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/uno-km/termux-train/main/install.sh)

6-Modality Training Pipelines & CLI Reference

1. Image Diffusion LoRA Training (diffusion-train)

Trains latent diffusion cross-attention LoRA layers. Integrates a deterministic DDPM noise scheduler, sinusoidal timestep MLP, and SHA-256 disk-based VAE latent caching to eliminate redundant image decoding across epochs. Outputs ComfyUI- and Diffusers-compatible SafeTensors adapters.

termux-train diffusion-train \
  --image-dir ./training_images \
  --prompt "high quality product photograph, 4k" \
  --output ./adapter_diffusion.safetensors \
  --resolution 512 \
  --epochs 5 \
  --batch-size 1 \
  --lr 0.0001 \
  --rank 8 \
  --alpha 16.0 \
  --backend vulkan

2. Vision Multimodal VLM LoRA Training (vision-train)

Trains multimodal projection adapters and visual cross-attention layers. Operates on image-text pairs formatted in LLaVA or Qwen2-VL visual question answering schemas. Directly bridges into the termux-vision mobile inference runtime.

termux-train vision-train \
  --data ./vlm_dataset.jsonl \
  --output ./adapter_vision.safetensors \
  --epochs 3 \
  --batch-size 2 \
  --lr 0.0002 \
  --rank 8 \
  --alpha 16.0 \
  --backend vulkan

3. Speech-to-Text Whisper LoRA Training (stt-train)

Performs acoustic adaptation on Whisper encoder-decoder attention blocks. Features automated Mel filterbank spectrogram extraction and persistent caching. Natively consumable by termux-stt.

termux-train stt-train \
  --data ./speech_corpus.jsonl \
  --output ./adapter_stt.safetensors \
  --epochs 4 \
  --batch-size 4 \
  --lr 0.0005 \
  --rank 4 \
  --backend vulkan

4. Text-to-Speech Style Adaptation LoRA Training (tts-train)

Fine-tunes speaker embedding and acoustic style parameters for neural speech synthesis. Generates low-rank voice profile adapters directly compatible with termux-tts.

termux-train tts-train \
  --data ./voice_samples.jsonl \
  --output ./adapter_tts.safetensors \
  --epochs 5 \
  --batch-size 2 \
  --lr 0.0003 \
  --rank 4 \
  --backend cpu

5. Large Language Model PEFT (train / peft)

Trains LoRA / DoRA weight matrices over multi-head attention and feed-forward projections with RoPE positional encodings. Supports single-device GPU slicing flags to eliminate out-of-memory crashes on mobile GPUs. Exports standard GGUF PEFT adapters for llama.cpp.

termux-train train \
  --model tiny-transformer \
  --data ./training_corpus.txt \
  --output ./adapter_llm.safetensors \
  --epochs 3 \
  --lr 0.0002 \
  --lora-rank 8 \
  --lora-alpha 16.0 \
  --vocab-slice 4096 \
  --chunk-layers 2 \
  --stream-layers \
  --backend vulkan

6. BitNet 1.58-bit Ternary Quantization-Aware Training

Applies dynamic activation scaling and ternary weight quantization ${-1, 0, +1}$ during forward and backward passes. Directly exports quantized kernels compatible with bitnet.cpp and termux-bitnet.

termux-train train \
  --model bitnet \
  --quantize-bits 1.58 \
  --data ./corpus.txt \
  --output ./bitnet_adapter.safetensors \
  --backend opencl

Complete Parameter Reference Matrix

Single-Device GPU Slicing Architecture

On mobile platforms, the GPU and CPU share a Unified Memory Architecture (UMA). Large batch matrix multiplications during autograd activation accumulation trigger sudden memory surges that prompt the Android system to issue SIGKILL signals. Furthermore, ARM Mali GPU driver stacks enforce a hardware watchdog timeout: any single compute command buffer executing longer than 2.0 seconds is terminated with VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST.

                        MOBILE UNIFIED RAM (LPDDR5)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| OS Kernel / Termux Base | Active Layer Buffer | Guard-Band Buffer (300MB)|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                                   ^
                                   |  Layer Streaming Swap
                                   v
                        VULKAN / OPENCL GPU ENGINE
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [Vocab Chunk 1] -> [Vocab Chunk 2] | [Layer N] -> [Layer N+1] (Chunked) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

To neutralize these constraints:

• Vocab Slicing (--vocab-slice 4096): Partitions vocabulary projection matrices into slices of 4,096 tokens, performing sequential cross-entropy reductions with minimal temporary tensor overhead.
• Chunked Layer Dispatch (--chunk-layers 2): Segments multi-layer transformer forward-backward passes into 2-layer dispatches, returning control to the Vulkan queue to reset watchdog timers.
• Layer Streaming (--stream-layers): Maintains only active weight layers inside device GPU memory buffers, paging inactive weights into host RAM.

44GB Disaggregated Cluster Virtual RAM Pooling

When training architectures exceeding physical device capacity, Termux-Train binds heterogeneous smartphone clusters into a unified virtual memory pool. Idle mobile devices contribute unallocated RAM via lightweight worker daemons.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              COORDINATOR / PRIMARY NODE (Galaxy S25 - 12GB)             |
|                Directs Training Pipeline & Weight Updates               |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
           |                           |                           |
  gRPC/HTTP RPC               gRPC/HTTP RPC               gRPC/HTTP RPC
           v                           v                           v
+--------------------+      +--------------------+      +--------------------+
| WORKER 1 (S21)     |      | WORKER 2 (S20)     |      | WORKER 3 (A53/A35) |
| RAM: 8GB LPDDR5    |      | RAM: 12GB LPDDR5   |      | RAM: 12GB LPDDR4X  |
| Dedicated: 6.8GB   |      | Dedicated: 10.5GB  |      | Dedicated: 9.2GB   |
+--------------------+      +--------------------+      +--------------------+
           \                           |                           /
            +--------------------------+--------------------------+
                                       |
                                       v
                       TOTAL AGGREGATED VIRTUAL POOL: ~44GB

Launching Cluster Workers on Fleet Nodes

On worker nodes (e.g., Galaxy S21, S20, A53):

termux-train cluster-worker --port 50052 --guard-band 300

Probing and Discovering Fleet Nodes

On coordinator node:

termux-train cluster-probe --fleet 192.168.1.101:50052,192.168.1.102:50052,192.168.1.103:50052

Initiating Distributed Pipeline Training

termux-train train \
  --model tiny-transformer \
  --data ./large_corpus.txt \
  --output ./cluster_adapter.safetensors \
  --virtual-ram-pool 192.168.1.101:50052,192.168.1.102:50052,192.168.1.103:50052 \
  --epochs 5 \
  --backend vulkan

Programmatic SDK Usage

Python SDK

import termux_train as tt

# High-level training interface
trainer = tt.TermuxTrainer(
    model_type="lora",
    lora_rank=8,
    lora_alpha=16.0,
    backend="vulkan",
    vocab_slice=4096,
    chunk_layers=2
)

metrics = trainer.fit(
    data_path="./corpus.txt",
    epochs=3,
    learning_rate=0.0002,
    output_path="./model_lora.safetensors"
)
print(f"Final training loss: {metrics['final_loss']:.4f}")

Node.js / TypeScript SDK

import { trainDiffusion, trainVision, trainSTT, TermuxTrainer } from 'termux-train';

// Asynchronous image diffusion fine-tuning
const result = await trainDiffusion({
  imageDir: './training_images',
  output: './adapter_diffusion.safetensors',
  prompt: 'photorealistic macro nature photography',
  resolution: 512,
  epochs: 5,
  backend: 'vulkan'
});
console.log(`Diffusion training completed with status: ${result.status}`);

Target Runtime Compatibility & Adapter Hub

All adapters generated by Termux-Train are zero-conversion artifacts accompanied by a standardized _config.json sidecar.

Official Documentation & Foundation Resources

• Official Architecture & API Reference
• Ecosystem Metrics & Registry Stats
• AMEVA Open-Source Foundation Portal

Open-Source Attribution & License

Licensed under the Apache-2.0 License. Copyright (c) 2026 Eunho Kim (@uno-km) and the AMEVA Open-Source Foundation.