terok-shield 0.7.2

nftables-based egress firewalling for Podman containers

terok-shield

Default-deny egress firewall for rootless Podman containers.

terok-shield enforces default-deny outbound network filtering on Podman containers using nftables. Containers can only reach explicitly allowed destinations — everything else is rejected with an ICMP error and a per-packet audit entry.

Where it sits in the stack

terok-shield is the firewall layer of the terok ecosystem. The hardened-Podman runtime (terok-sandbox) installs the OCI hooks at setup time; the operator-in-the-loop verdict service (terok-clearance) mutates the live ruleset on Allow / Deny decisions. The shield itself is independent of all of these — it works on any rootless Podman container, with or without the rest of terok.

Features

• Default-deny egress with curated allowlists (domains and IPs)
• Dynamic DNS allowlisting — per-container dnsmasq with --nftset auto-populates allow sets on every DNS resolution, handling IP rotation at runtime; falls back to static pre-start resolution via dig or getent when dnsmasq is unavailable
• Live allow/deny at runtime for individual containers
• Per-container isolation — each container gets its own state bundle, hooks, and audit log
• Connection audit logging (JSON-lines lifecycle logs + kernel-level per-packet nftables logs)
• Fail-closed — hook failure prevents the container from starting

Requirements

• Linux with nftables (nft binary) — tested on Fedora 43, Debian 12 and 13, and Ubuntu 24.04, also works on other modern Linux distros
• Podman (rootless, recommended ≥ 5.6.0, untested < 4.3.1)
• Python 3.12+
• dnsmasq (recommended) for dynamic DNS-based egress control; dig (dnsutils / bind-utils) as fallback

Installation

pip install terok-shield

Quick start

1. Choose your allowlists

terok-shield ships with several bundled profiles (see Allowlist Profiles):

Profile	Domains
base	DNS roots, NTP, OCSP, OS package repos
dev-standard	GitHub, Docker Hub, PyPI, npm, crates.io, Go
dev-python	Conda, Read the Docs, Python docs
dev-node	Yarn, jsDelivr, unpkg
nvidia-hpc	CUDA, NGC, NVIDIA drivers

The default profile is dev-standard. To add a custom allowlist, create a .txt file in ~/.config/terok/shield/profiles with one domain or IP per line:

e.g. ~/.config/terok/shield/profiles/my-project.txt

api.example.com
cdn.example.com
203.0.113.10

2. Start a container with the shield

terok-shield run my-container -- alpine:latest sh

This resolves DNS, installs OCI hooks, and launches the container with a default-deny firewall — only destinations in the dev-standard profile are reachable. To use custom profiles:

terok-shield run my-container --profiles dev-standard,my-project -- alpine:latest sh

3. Allow a domain at runtime

terok-shield allow my-container example.com
# Allowed example.com -> <resolved-ip> for my-container

terok-shield deny my-container example.com   # revoke later

License

Apache-2.0 — see LICENSES/Apache-2.0.txt.