tina4-python 3.10.34

Tina4 Python v3 — Zero-dependency, lightweight web framework

Tina4 Python

This Is Now A 4Framework

Laravel joy. Python speed. 10x less code. Zero third-party dependencies.

Documentation • Getting Started • Features • CLI Reference • tina4.com

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Quick Start

# Install the Tina4 CLI
cargo install tina4  # or download binary from https://github.com/tina4stack/tina4/releases

# Create a project
tina4 init python ./my-app

# Run it
cd my-app && tina4 serve

Open http://localhost:7145 — your app is running.

Without the Tina4 CLI

# 1. Create project
mkdir my-app && cd my-app
uv init && uv add tina4-python

# 2. Create entry point
echo 'from tina4_python.core import run; run()' > app.py

# 3. Create .env
echo 'TINA4_DEBUG=true' > .env
echo 'TINA4_LOG_LEVEL=ALL' >> .env

# 4. Create route directory
mkdir -p src/routes

# 5. Run
uv run python app.py

Open http://localhost:7145

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What's Included

Every feature is built from scratch -- no pip install, no node_modules, no third-party runtime dependencies in core.

Category	Features
HTTP	ASGI server, decorator routing, path params ({id:int}, {p:path}), middleware pipeline, CORS, rate limiting, graceful shutdown
Templates	Frond engine (Twig-compatible), inheritance, partials, 35+ filters, macros, fragment caching, sandboxing
ORM	Active Record, typed fields with validation, soft delete, relationships (has_one/has_many/belongs_to), scopes, result caching, multi-database
Database	SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL, Firebird -- unified adapter interface, query caching (TINA4_DB_CACHE=true for 4x speedup)
Auth	Zero-dep JWT (HS256), sessions (file/Redis/Valkey/MongoDB/database), password hashing, form tokens
API	Swagger/OpenAPI auto-generation, GraphQL with ORM auto-schema and GraphiQL IDE, WSDL/SOAP with auto WSDL
Background	Queue (SQLite/RabbitMQ/Kafka/MongoDB) with priority, delayed jobs, retry, batch processing
Real-time	Native asyncio WebSocket (RFC 6455), per-path routing, connection manager
Frontend	tina4-css (~24 KB), frond.js helper, SCSS compiler, live reload, CSS hot-reload
DX	Dev admin dashboard (11 tabs), error overlay, request inspector, AI tool integration, Carbonah green benchmarks
Data	Migrations with rollback, 50+ fake data generators, ORM and table seeders
Mail	SMTP send (plain/HTML/attachments), IMAP read/search, dev mailbox capture
Other	REST client, localization (6 languages), cache (memory/Redis/file), event system, inline testing, messenger (.env driven), configurable error pages, HTML element builder

1,633 tests across 38 built-in features. Zero dependencies. All Carbonah benchmarks rated A+.

For full documentation visit tina4.com.

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Install

pip install tina4-python

Or with uv (recommended):

uv add tina4-python

Optional database drivers

Install only what you need:

pip install tina4-python[postgres]    # PostgreSQL (psycopg2-binary)
pip install tina4-python[mysql]       # MySQL / MariaDB (mysql-connector-python)
pip install tina4-python[mssql]       # Microsoft SQL Server (pymssql)
pip install tina4-python[firebird]    # Firebird (firebird-driver)
pip install tina4-python[mongo]       # MongoDB (pymongo)
pip install tina4-python[odbc]        # ODBC (pyodbc)
pip install tina4-python[all-db]      # All of the above
pip install tina4-python[dev-reload]  # Hot-patching via jurigged

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Getting Started

1. Create a project

tina4python init my-app
cd my-app

This creates:

my-app/
├── app.py              # Entry point
├── .env                # Configuration
├── src/
│   ├── routes/         # API + page routes (auto-discovered)
│   ├── orm/            # Database models
│   ├── app/            # Service classes and shared helpers
│   ├── templates/      # Frond/Twig templates
│   ├── seeds/          # Database seeders
│   ├── scss/           # SCSS (auto-compiled to public/css/)
│   └── public/         # Static assets served at /
├── migrations/         # SQL migration files
└── tests/              # pytest tests

2. Create a route

Create src/routes/hello.py:

from tina4_python.core.router import get, post

@get("/api/hello")
async def hello(request, response):
    return response({"message": "Hello from Tina4!"})

@get("/api/hello/{name}")
async def hello_name(request, response):
    name = request.param("name")
    return response({"message": f"Hello, {name}!"})

Visit http://localhost:7145/api/hello -- routes are auto-discovered, no imports needed.

3. Add a database

Edit .env:

DATABASE_URL=sqlite:///data/app.db

Create and run a migration:

tina4python migrate:create "create users table"

Edit the generated SQL:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    email TEXT NOT NULL,
    created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

tina4python migrate

4. Create an ORM model

Create src/orm/User.py:

from tina4_python.orm import ORM, IntegerField, StringField, DateTimeField

class User(ORM):
    table_name = "users"
    id = IntegerField(primary_key=True, auto_increment=True)
    name = StringField(required=True, min_length=1, max_length=100)
    email = StringField(regex=r'^[^@]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+$')
    created_at = DateTimeField()

5. Build a REST API

Create src/routes/users.py:

from tina4_python.core.router import get, post, noauth

@get("/api/users")
async def list_users(request, response):
    from src.orm.User import User
    return response(User().select(limit=100).to_array())

@get("/api/users/{id:int}")
async def get_user(id, request, response):
    from src.orm.User import User
    user = User()
    if user.load("id = ?", [id]):
        return response(user.to_dict())
    return response({"error": "Not found"}, 404)

@noauth()
@post("/api/users")
async def create_user(request, response):
    from src.orm.User import User
    user = User(request.body)
    user.save()
    return response(user.to_dict(), 201)

6. Add a template

Create src/templates/base.twig:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>{% block title %}My App{% endblock %}</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/tina4.min.css">
    {% block stylesheets %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    <script src="/js/frond.js"></script>
    {% block javascripts %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

Create src/templates/pages/home.twig:

{% extends "base.twig" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container mt-4">
    <h1>{{ title }}</h1>
    <ul>
    {% for user in users %}
        <li>{{ user.name }} -- {{ user.email }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</div>
{% endblock %}

Render it from a route:

@get("/")
async def home(request, response):
    from src.orm.User import User
    users = User().select(limit=20).to_array()
    return response.render("pages/home.twig", {"title": "Users", "users": users})

7. Seed, test, deploy

tina4python seed                          # Run seeders from src/seeds/
tina4python test                          # Run test suite
tina4python build                         # Build distributable

For the complete step-by-step guide, visit tina4.com.

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Features

Routing

from tina4_python.core.router import get, post, put, delete, noauth, secured, middleware

@get("/api/items")               # Public by default
async def list_items(request, response):
    return response({"items": []})

@noauth()                         # Make a write route public
@post("/api/webhook")
async def webhook(request, response):
    return response({"ok": True})

@secured()                        # Protect a GET route
@get("/api/admin/stats")
async def admin_stats(request, response):
    return response({"secret": True})

Path parameter types: {id} (string), {id:int}, {price:float}, {path:path} (greedy).

ORM

Active Record with typed fields, validation, soft delete, relationships, scopes, and multi-database support.

from tina4_python.orm import ORM, IntegerField, StringField, Field, orm_bind

class User(ORM):
    table_name = "users"
    id = IntegerField(primary_key=True, auto_increment=True)
    name = StringField(required=True, min_length=1, max_length=100)
    email = StringField(regex=r'^[^@]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+$')
    role = StringField(choices=["admin", "user", "guest"], default="user")
    age = Field(int, min_value=0, max_value=150)

# CRUD
user = User({"name": "Alice", "email": "[e-mail]"})
user.save()
user.load("email = ?", ["[e-mail]"])
user.delete()

# Relationships
orders = user.has_many("Order", "user_id")
profile = user.has_one("Profile", "user_id")

# Soft delete, scopes, caching
user.soft_delete()
active_admins = User.scope("active").scope("admin").select()
users = User.cached("SELECT * FROM users", ttl=300)

# Multi-database
orm_bind(main_db)                     # Default
orm_bind(audit_db, name="audit")      # Named

class AuditLog(ORM):
    _db = "audit"                     # Uses named connection

Database

Unified interface across 7 engines:

from tina4_python.database.connection import Database

db = Database("sqlite:///data/app.db")
db = Database("postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb")
db = Database("mysql://user:pass@localhost:3306/mydb")
db = Database("mssql://sa:pass@localhost:1433/mydb")
db = Database("firebird://SYSDBA:masterkey@localhost:3050//path/to/db")
db = Database("mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb")
db = Database("odbc://DSN=mydsn")

result = db.fetch("SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > ?", [18], limit=20, offset=0)
row = db.fetch_one("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?", [1])
db.insert("users", {"name": "Alice", "email": "[e-mail]"})
db.commit()

Middleware

class AuthCheck:
    @staticmethod
    def before_auth(request, response):
        if "authorization" not in request.headers:
            return request, response("Unauthorized", 401)
        return request, response

@middleware(AuthCheck)
@get("/protected")
async def protected(request, response):
    return response({"secret": True})

JWT Authentication

from tina4_python.auth import Auth

auth = Auth(secret="your-secret")
token = auth.get_token({"user_id": 42})
payload = auth.valid_token(token)

POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE routes require Authorization: Bearer <token> by default. Use @noauth() to make public, @secured() to protect GET routes.

Sessions

request.session.set("user_id", 42)
user_id = request.session.get("user_id")

Backends: file (default), Redis, Valkey, MongoDB, database. Set via TINA4_SESSION_HANDLER in .env.

Queues

from tina4_python.queue import Queue, Producer, Consumer

Producer(Queue(topic="emails")).push({"to": "[e-mail]"})

for job in Consumer(Queue(topic="emails")).poll():
    send_email(job.data)
    job.complete()

GraphQL

from tina4_python.graphql import GraphQL

gql = GraphQL()
gql.schema.from_orm(User)
gql.register_route("/graphql")   # GET = GraphiQL IDE, POST = queries

WebSocket

from tina4_python.websocket import WebSocketManager

ws = WebSocketManager()

@ws.route("/ws/chat")
async def chat(connection, message):
    await ws.broadcast("/ws/chat", f"User said: {message}")

Swagger / OpenAPI

Auto-generated at /swagger:

@description("Get all users")
@tags(["users"])
@get("/api/users")
async def users(request, response):
    return response(User().select().to_array())

Event System

from tina4_python.core.events import on, emit, once

@on("user.created", priority=10)
def notify_admin(user):
    send_notification(f"New user: {user['name']}")

emit("user.created", {"name": "Alice"})

Template Engine (Frond)

Twig-compatible, 35+ filters, macros, inheritance, fragment caching, sandboxing:

{% extends "base.twig" %}
{% block content %}
<h1>{{ title | upper }}</h1>
{% for item in items %}
    <p>{{ item.name }} -- {{ item.price | number_format(2) }}</p>
{% endfor %}

{% cache "sidebar" 300 %}
    {% include "partials/sidebar.twig" %}
{% endcache %}
{% endblock %}

CRUD Scaffolding

@get("/admin/users")
async def admin_users(request, response):
    return response(CRUD.to_crud(request, {
        "sql": "SELECT id, name, email FROM users",
        "title": "User Management",
        "primary_key": "id",
    }))

WSDL / SOAP

from tina4_python.wsdl import WSDL, wsdl_operation

class Calculator(WSDL):
    @wsdl_operation({"Result": int})
    def Add(self, a: int, b: int):
        return {"Result": a + b}

REST Client

from tina4_python.api import Api

api = Api("https://api.example.com", auth_header="Bearer xyz")
result = api.send_request("/users/42")

Data Seeder

from tina4_python.seeder import FakeData, seed_orm

fake = FakeData()
fake.name()      # "Alice Johnson"
fake.email()     # "[e-mail]"

seed_orm(User, count=50)

Email / Messenger

from tina4_python.messenger import create_messenger

mail = create_messenger()
mail.send(to="[e-mail]", subject="Welcome", body="<h1>Hi!</h1>", html=True)

In-Memory Cache

from tina4_python.core.cache import Cache

cache = Cache()
cache.set("key", "value", ttl=300)
cache.tag("users").flush()

SCSS, Localization, Inline Testing

• SCSS: Drop .scss in src/scss/ -- auto-compiled to CSS. Variables, nesting, mixins, @import, @extend.
• i18n: JSON translation files, 6 languages (en, fr, af, zh, ja, es), placeholder interpolation.
• Inline tests: @tests(assert_equal((5, 3), 8)) decorator on any function.

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Dev Mode

Set TINA4_DEBUG=true in .env to enable:

• Live reload -- browser auto-refreshes on code changes
• CSS hot-reload -- SCSS changes apply without page refresh
• Error overlay -- rich error display in the browser
• Dev admin at /__dev/ with 11 tabs: Routes, Queue, Mailbox, Messages, Database, Requests, Errors, WebSocket, System, Tools, Tina4

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CLI Reference

tina4python init [dir]             # Scaffold a new project
tina4python serve [port]           # Start dev server (default: 7145)
tina4python serve --production     # Auto-install and use best production server (uvicorn)
tina4python migrate                # Run pending migrations
tina4python migrate:create <desc>  # Create a migration file
tina4python migrate:rollback       # Rollback last batch
tina4python generate model <name>  # Generate ORM model scaffold
tina4python generate route <name>  # Generate route scaffold
tina4python generate migration <d> # Generate migration file
tina4python generate middleware <n># Generate middleware scaffold
tina4python seed                   # Run seeders from src/seeds/
tina4python routes                 # List all registered routes
tina4python test                   # Run test suite
tina4python build                  # Build distributable package
tina4python ai [--all]             # Detect AI tools and install context

Production Server Auto-Detection

tina4 serve automatically detects and uses the best available production server:

• Python: uvicorn (if installed), otherwise built-in asyncio
• Use tina4python serve --production to auto-install the production server

Scaffolding with tina4 generate

Quickly scaffold new components:

tina4python generate model User          # Creates src/orm/User.py with field stubs
tina4python generate route users         # Creates src/routes/users.py with CRUD stubs
tina4python generate migration "add age" # Creates migration SQL file
tina4python generate middleware AuthLog   # Creates middleware class

ORM Relationships & Eager Loading

# Define relationships
orders = user.has_many("Order", "user_id")
profile = user.has_one("Profile", "user_id")
customer = order.belongs_to("Customer", "customer_id")

# Eager loading with include=
users = User().select(include=["orders", "profile"])

DB Query Caching

Enable query caching for up to 4x speedup on read-heavy workloads:

# .env
TINA4_DB_CACHE=true

# Check cache stats
from tina4_python.orm import cache_stats, cache_clear
stats = cache_stats()   # {"hits": 42, "misses": 7, "size": 15}
cache_clear()           # Flush all cached queries

Frond Pre-Compilation

Templates are pre-compiled for 2.8x faster rendering. Clear the cache when needed:

from tina4_python.frond import Frond
Frond.clear_cache()

Gallery

7 interactive examples with Try It deploy — visit the dev admin at /__dev/ to explore.

Environment

SECRET=your-jwt-secret
DATABASE_URL=sqlite:///data/app.db
TINA4_DEBUG=true                     # Enable dev toolbar, error overlay
TINA4_LOG_LEVEL=ALL                  # ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR
TINA4_LOCALE=en                      # en, fr, af, zh, ja, es
TINA4_SESSION_HANDLER=SessionFileHandler
SWAGGER_TITLE=My API

AI Tool Integration

tina4python ai              # Detect and install context
tina4python ai --all        # Install for ALL supported tools

Supported: Claude Code, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Windsurf, Aider, Cline, OpenAI Codex CLI. Generates framework-aware context so AI assistants understand Tina4's conventions.

Carbonah Green Benchmarks

All 9 benchmarks rated A+ (South Africa grid, 1000 iterations each):

Benchmark	SCI (gCO2eq)	Grade
JSON Hello World	0.000864	A+
Single DB Query	0.000538	A+
Multiple DB Queries	0.001350	A+
Template Rendering	0.003237	A+
Large JSON Payload	0.000983	A+
Plaintext Response	0.000377	A+
CRUD Cycle	0.000456	A+
Paginated Query	0.000990	A+
Framework Startup	0.000801	A+

Run locally: python benchmarks/run_carbonah.py

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Documentation

Full guides, API reference, and examples at tina4.com.

License

MIT (c) 2007-2026 Tina4 Stack https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

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Tina4 -- The framework that keeps out of the way of your coding.

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