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Python quantitative research framework for traditional and ML strategies.

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Python 写策略与投研流程,Rust 扛事件驱动回测内核。

PyPI version Python versions License Changelog

trade-learn 旨在解决量化投研中研究(Learn)与回测(Trade)脱节的痛点。它通过「Python 表达逻辑 + Rust 原生内核」的混合架构,在确保逻辑与 Backtrader 100% 严苛对齐 的基础上,实现了多资产回测 110x+ 的性能飞跃,将大规模验证的耗时从小时级缩短至秒级,为指数增强与机器学习策略提供极速的迭代体验。

极致性能之外,项目也同样关注研究的科学性。针对机器学习策略中常见的“伪相关”风险,我们将 因果推断 (Causal Inference) 深度集成进投研流程,通过识别真实的因果驱动路径,有效降低样本外衰减,助您构建具备强解释性与稳健性的量化系统。

为了让这些科学的方法论真正落地,trade-learn 并不只是一个高性能引擎,它更是一套完整且按需内置 JupyterLabMLflow 的全生命周期投研流水线。它将因子挖掘、策略验证与实验审计有机整合为一套完整的全生命周期投研流水线,确保每一个研究决策都可回溯、可审计,让研究员能够真正专注于核心策略的开发与快速迭代。

trade-learn research flow

实现路径

trade-learn 拒绝功能的简单堆砌,而是通过独特的“双模双核”设计,在专业深度与研发效率之间构建了平衡。底层通过 Engine 深度对齐 Backtrader 语义以夯实逻辑正确性,上层则由 Lite 提供极简的 Pythonic 接口,确保了“快”与“准”的统一。

您可以根据研发阶段,自由定义策略的深度:

  • Engine 模式 (深度研发):深度对齐 Backtrader 语义,支持 Analyzer/Sizer/Signal 完整生态,适合构建逻辑精密、颗粒度极细的生产级复杂系统。
  • Lite 模式 (敏捷验证):沿袭 backtesting.py 的极简主义,支持模型权重直连,极其适合在因子挖掘阶段进行高频迭代与原型验证。

它不仅无缝兼容 TA-Lib、Pandas-TA-Classic、TDX、TradingView 等主流指标库,更创造性地将因果推断 (Causal Inference) 引入因子研究。通过内置的 CausalSelector,项目将特征筛选、参数寻优与回测报告有机连接,为您呈现一条闭环、透明且高效的量化投研流水线。

核心亮点

⚡️ 高能内核:Rust 驱动的极致性能

  • Rust 混合动力:撮合引擎与核心计算由 Rust 承载,提供单标的 28x、多资产调仓 110x+ 的 Backtrader 级加速。
  • 自动 Runner 调度:根据数据形态自动选择“单流逐 Bar”或“Panel 批量”推进。针对指数增强场景优化了内存布局,开发者只需关注 next() 逻辑。

🛡️ 严谨金融:Backtrader 语义 100% 对齐

  • Engine 级对齐:完整支持 Analyzer / Sizer / Signal 体系,确保回测 Trades 与 Backtrader Oracle 逻辑零差异,高度支持自拓展组件。
  • Lite 极简表达:在同一 Runtime 上构建的轻量语法。内置 target_weights 接口,将机器学习模型输出的权重一键转化为回测决策。

🧪 因果投研:跨越相关性的科学流程

  • Causal-First 特征筛选:内置 PC / FCI 等因果发现算法,识别因子的真实驱动路径,从源头对抗回测中的“伪相关”与过拟合。
  • Pipeline 全链路流水线:将特征工程、因果筛选、评分模型、组合权重与回测报告无缝耦合,形成可复现的实验闭环。

📦 模块化平台:轻量核心,按需扩展

  • 核心解耦:默认安装仅包含高性能回测内核,极简依赖,方便集成至服务器或自动化交易系统。
  • 弹性扩展:通过 [lab][all] 扩展,可一键激活 JupyterLab + MLflow + AI 助手 组成的集成投研环境,实现“按需加载、随处运行”。

🌍 全球视野:多口径指标与现代生态

  • 双市场口径:显式支持 TDX (A股) / TradingView (海外) 指标口径,深度兼容 TA-Lib 与 pandas-ta。
  • 现代投研工具:开箱即用的 HTML 交互式报告、MLflow 实验追踪以及 JupyterLab / MCP 深度集成。

因果投研:跨越“伪相关”陷阱

大多数量化研究止步于统计相关性 (Correlation),这极易导致因子在回测中表现优异、实盘中却迅速失效(过拟合)。trade-learn 通过内置的 因果发现 (Causal Discovery) 机制,帮助您识别收益背后的真实动因:

  • 因果特征筛选:通过 CausalSelector 结合 PC / FCI 算法,剥离由于“共同观测”产生的伪相关因子,仅保留对收益具有直接驱动能力的特征。
  • 抵抗样本外衰减:基于因果图定位的 Alpha 因子在市场风格切换时具备更强的生存力,有效降低从研究到实盘的性能落差。
  • 工业级无缝集成:深度整合 causal-learn 生态,让前沿的因果推断技术像调用 corr() 一样丝滑,极大降低了学术算法的落地门槛。

适合谁

  • 敏捷开发者与灵感验证: 厌倦了厚重的配置,希望在几行代码内完成从想法到回测报告的转化,享受类 backtesting.py 的轻快体验,极其适合快速验证原型。
  • 指数增强与组合管理: 面对 1000+ 标的的大规模回测,利用 Rust Panel Runner 实现秒级调仓模拟,彻底告别传统框架在多资产处理上的漫长等待。
  • 机器学习与因子研究: 希望将特征工程、因果发现、模型训练(MLflow 追踪)与回测一站式打通,构建从数据到报告的完整自动化闭环。
  • Backtrader 资深玩家: 在保留成熟事件驱动语义的同时,寻求更现代的报告体系、全链路流水线以及高性能 Rust 回测内核。
  • 跨市场与多策略团队
    • 跨市场统一:同时覆盖 A股 (TDX) 与海外 (TradingView),要求指标口径与报告体系完全一致。
    • 全体系维护:统一管理规则策略与模型策略,拒绝工具链割裂带来的研发与维护成本。
  • 因果推断探索者: 致力于在因子筛选阶段引入因果图技术,通过剔除“伪相关”来构建具有强解释性和高稳健性的量化系统。

安装

pip install trade-learn

获取最新版本:

pip install git+https://github.com/MuuYesen/trade-learn.git@master

可选 extras:

extra 用途
[lab] JupyterLab / Jupyter AI / MCP / Pygwalker 交互研究环境
[mlflow] MLflow tracking server 与实验 artifact 记录
[all] Lab、MLflow、Riskfolio-Lib、Optuna、DuckDB 等完整研究环境

💡 安装建议: 默认安装仅包含核心回测引擎。若需开启包含 JupyterLab 与 MLflow 的全栈投研体验,请指定 [all] 扩展进行安装:

pip install "trade-learn[all]"

在项目根目录使用命令行启动 tradelearn lab 后,默认可通过 8888 端口进入交互式环境,通过 5050 端口查看 MLflow 实验记录。

快速上手

Lite——最短路径(适合快速验证、教学、多资产目标权重):

import tradelearn.lite as tl
from tradelearn.data import TradingViewProvider


class LiteSmaCross(tl.Strategy):
    fast = 10
    slow = 20

    def init(self):
        self.fast_ma = tl.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.fast)
        self.slow_ma = tl.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.slow)
        self.start_on_bar(self.slow + 1)

    def next(self):
        if self.fast_ma[0] > self.slow_ma[0] and not self.position():
            self.buy(size=100)
        elif self.fast_ma[0] < self.slow_ma[0] and self.position():
            self.position().close()


provider = TradingViewProvider(n_bars=5000)
bars = provider.history_ohlc("NASDAQ:AAPL", start="2023-01-01", end="2024-01-01")

bt = tl.Backtest(bars, LiteSmaCross, cash=100_000, commission=0.0003, trade_on_close=True)
stats = bt.run()

print(stats.summary)
bt.plot()
bt.report("report.html")

[!TIP] 关于多标的逻辑: 在多标的回测场景下,策略默认会绑定到 self.data(主数据源)。这意味着上述代码即使传入了多个标的,也仅会根据第一个标的的信号进行决策。若要实现多标的独立并行交易,需在策略 init 中遍历 self.datas 为每个标的建立指标。

Engine——Backtrader 风格(适合复杂 / 组合策略与未来 paper / live 模式):

import tradelearn.engine as bt
from tradelearn.data import TradingViewProvider


class SmaCross(bt.Strategy):
    params = (("fast", 10), ("slow", 20))

    def __init__(self):
        self.fast = bt.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.p.fast)
        self.slow = bt.tdx.MA(self.data.close, N=self.p.slow)

    def next(self):
        if not self.position and self.fast[0] > self.slow[0]:
            self.buy(size=100)
        elif self.position and self.fast[0] < self.slow[0]:
            self.close()


provider = TradingViewProvider(n_bars=5000)
bars = provider.history_ohlc("NASDAQ:AAPL", start="2023-01-01", end="2024-01-01")

cerebro = bt.Cerebro(trade_on_close=True)
cerebro.setcash(100_000)
cerebro.setcommission(0.0003)
cerebro.adddata(bars, name="AAPL")
cerebro.addstrategy(SmaCross)

[strategy] = cerebro.run()
print(strategy.stats.summary)

cerebro.plot()
cerebro.report("report.html")

[!TIP] 关于多标的逻辑: 在多标的回测场景下,策略默认会绑定到 self.data(主数据源)。这意味着上述代码即使传入了多个标的,也仅会根据第一个标的的信号进行决策。若要实现多标的独立并行交易,需在策略 init 中遍历 self.datas 为每个标的建立指标。

投研流水线示例

README 只放最短可读版本,完整脚本见 examples/research/index_enhance_lite_pipeline.pyexamples/research/index_enhance_engine_pipeline.py

1. Research:从原始行情生成特征、切分训练集 / 测试集

import tradelearn.research as research
import tradelearn.research.preprocess as pp

feature_set = research.FeatureSet(
    {
        "alpha": lambda p: p.close.pct_change(20)
        / p.close.pct_change().rolling(20).std(),
        "size": lambda p: p.close,
    },
    target={"label": lambda p: p.close.shift(-20) / p.close - 1.0},
)

features = feature_set.fit_transform(bars, include_target=True).dropna()
train, test = research.time_split(features, split="2023-09-01", level="timestamp")

2. Pipeline:预处理、模型打分、生成权重

from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
import tradelearn.research.portfolio as pf

pipe = research.Pipeline(
    [
        pp.Winsorizer(columns=["alpha"], limits=(0.05, 0.95)),
        pp.Neutralizer(columns=["alpha"], exposures=["size"]),
        pp.StandardScaler(columns=["alpha"]),
    ]
)
train = pipe.fit_transform(train)
test = pipe.transform(test)

model = GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=7)
model.fit(train[["alpha"]], train["label"])
scores = research.ModelScorer(model, features=("alpha",), current=False).predict(test)

weights = pf.Allocator(
    select=pf.TopK(k=2),
    weight=pf.EqualWeight(gross=0.95),
    constrain=pf.Constraints(max_weight=0.5, normalize=True),
).build(scores)

3. Portfolio:把目标权重交给 Lite / Engine 执行

class LitePortfolio(tl.Strategy):
    def next(self):
        if len(self.data) % 20 == 0:
            self.target_weights(self.research_result.weights[0], close_missing=True)


test_bars = research.split_bars(bars, split="2023-09-01")
stats = tl.Backtest(test_bars, LitePortfolio, cash=100_000).run(
    research_result=research_result
)

4. Live-style:在策略里只用当前可见窗口推理

投研流水线适合离线训练和复盘;如果要让策略语义更接近实盘,可以把模型和 allocator 放进策略参数,在 next() 中用 history_panel() 只读取当前已经发生的窗口。

class LiveStylePortfolio(tl.Strategy):
    lookback = 20

    def init(self):
        self.start_on_bar(self.lookback)

    def next(self):
        if len(self.data) % 20 != 0:
            return

        panel = self.history_panel(self.lookback)
        features = self.feature_set.transform(panel).dropna()
        scores = self.scorer.predict(features)
        weights = self.allocator.build(scores)
        self.target_weights(weights, close_missing=True)

完整版本:

目标 完整脚本
Lite 投研 + 回测 + report + MLflow examples/research/index_enhance_lite_pipeline.py
Engine 投研 + 回测 + report + MLflow examples/research/index_enhance_engine_pipeline.py
Lite live-style 当前窗口推理 examples/research/index_enhance_lite_live.py
Engine live-style 当前窗口推理 examples/research/index_enhance_engine_live.py
Engine Backtrader 风格组合调仓 examples/engine/11_target_percent_portfolio.py
资产类别组合策略 examples/engine/12_asset_class_portfolios.py

对齐与性能

本机基线关注两个核心:结果是否对齐吞吐是否明显快于 Backtrader。完整复现命令见 性能基准

1. 单标的高频压测:双均线交叉 (55 万 Bar)

  • 策略原理:执行标准的双均线交叉逻辑。旨在压测 Rust 在处理长序列、单数据流时的事件驱动性能与状态维护效率,挑战单核推进极限。
引擎模式 处理耗时 吞吐量 (Bars/s) 加速比 最终权益 成交单数 闭环交易 状态
Tradelearn Lite 1.32s 414,990 27.9x 118,399.33 10,299 5,149 EXACT
Tradelearn Engine 3.37s 162,883 11.0x 118,399.33 10,299 5,149 EXACT
Backtrader (Oracle) 37.02s 14,854 1.0x 118,399.33 10,299 5,149 -

2. 多标的大规模指增:Top-50 目标权重 (504 万 Bar)

  • 策略原理:模拟 1000 标的全市场选股调仓。旨在压测 Rust 对大规模 Panel 数据的内存布局优化与并发处理能力,真实还原机器学习策略的投研场景。
引擎模式 处理耗时 吞吐量 (Bars/s) 加速比 最终权益 完成订单 调仓意图 重平衡次数
Tradelearn Lite 2.40s 2,094,237 119.1x 4,199,638.26 23,249 23,249 239
Tradelearn Engine 4.11s 1,225,594 69.7x 4,199,638.26 23,249 23,249 239
Backtrader (Oracle) 286.53s 17,589 1.0x 4,199,638.26 23,249 23,249 239

一致性承诺

trade-learn 将“对照基线”视为核心工程纪律。我们确保每一项计算结果都经得起严苛推敲,并在以下维度保持数值对齐:

  • 金融指标对齐metrics(Sharpe, MaxDD, Sortino 等)完全对标 empyrical,误差控制在 rtol=1e-10
  • 多源指标对齐
    • tl.pta (经典指标) 对标 pandas-ta-classicrtol=1e-10
    • tl.tdx (通达信口径) 对标 MyTTrtol=1e-10
    • tl.tv (TradingView 口径) 对标 pyneCore 实现:rtol=1e-6
  • 回测引擎对齐
    • 决策层:成交记录 (Trades) 对标 Backtrader 官方实现,实现 0 差异(时间、方向、头寸完全一致)。
    • 净值层:Equity 曲线误差 rtol=1e-6,汇总统计数据误差 rtol=1e-4

[!IMPORTANT] 我们对每一处数值微差都持有“零容忍”态度,所有偏差均登记在案并提供原因分析。详见 设计笔记 → 语义一致性审计

完整文档

主题 入口
30 行走通第一个回测 快速开始
Lite / Engine 用法 Lite 指南 · Engine 指南
架构与边界 架构
因子 / ML / 权重研究流水线 Research 指南
双口径指标(tl.talib / tl.pta / tl.tdx / tl.tv Indicators 指南
性能基线 性能基准
内核(契约 / 撮合 / portfolio / 事件循环) 设计笔记
完整 API API 参考

🚀 路线图 (Roadmap)

  • v1.0.x (Stable Release - 当前阶段)
    • 基于 Rust 的多标的 Clocked Runner (Stage 13)。
    • 完整的指数增强研发流水线 (Research -> Weight -> Backtest)。
    • 深度集成 MLflow 实验追踪与 HTML 现代化报告。
  • v1.1.x (Advanced Research)
    • 因果推断增强:集成更多因果图算法(如 GIES、Direct-LiNGAM),提供更强的因子可解释性。
    • 高性能连接器:直连 DolphinDB 与 DuckDB 原生存储,实现亿级 Bar 的秒级读取。
    • 更多风险模型:引入 Barra 风格风险暴露分析与超额收益分解。
  • v1.2.x (Live & Production)
    • 实盘适配器:开放通用实盘事件接口,支持 QMT (国金/华宝) 等券商柜台接入。
    • 分布式参数优化:基于 Ray/Optuna 的多机并行参数搜索。
    • Agent 深度集成:通过 MCP 协议实现 LLM 对投研流水线的自动化控制。

致谢

Quantopian · Trevor Stephens · PyWhy · dodid · DolphinDB · happydasch · mpquant · baobao1997

联系方式

微信公众号:知守溪的收纳屋 · 邮箱:muyes88@gmail.com

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